室内苯系物的污染及防治

近年来,室内装修越来越普遍,室内空气苯系物污染问题得到了更多的关注与研究,文章主要就苯系物污染及其防治做了系统的综述,分析了室内苯系物的来源,讨论了这些污染物对人体健康的危害,概要介绍了苯系物污染治理的方法。     

分析室内环境污染物氡、甲醛、氨、苯、TVOC检测过程中的质量控制

室内环境的污染物,包括氡、甲醛、氨、苯、TVOC,会严重污染室内的空气环境,因此相应的污染物质量控制十分关键。本文针对室内环境污染物氡、甲醛、氨、苯、TVOC检测过程中的质量控制给出了如下分析。     

新装修房子空气总挥发性有机物污染研究

为研究新装修房子室内空气总挥发性有机物TVOC污染状况,对10户新装修房子室内空气TVOC污染程度进行监测。分别从装修竣工后不同时期室内TVOC含量变化情况、房子通风前后TVOC浓度变化情况、苯系物在TVOC的分布情况三方面进行分析讨论,最后提出相关建议。这表明,新装修房子空气总挥发性有机物TVOC污染是不容忽视的,人们应引起关注重视。     

空气过滤器对5种苯系物的过滤效率评价方法研究

本文建立空气过滤器对室内苯系物过滤效率的评价方法。通过结合负压式风道系统及热解吸气相色谱法同时测定空气过滤器对多种苯系物过滤效率,改善了使用二硫化碳(CS_2)脱附方法的操作,测试过程中,在空气过滤器的上游和下游同时用活性炭管采集,经全自动热解吸仪解吸后,经过气相色谱中TVOC专用色谱柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测。根据空气过滤器上游和下游的苯系物的浓度值,结合风道系统中苯系物的相关系数,计算出空气过滤器对苯系物的过滤效率。根据所建立的评价方法,具有良好的稳定性,能够准确反映空气过滤器对苯系物的过滤效率,可以为空气净化器及通风系统装置等设备选用对应的空气过滤器提供了方法依据。     

室内装修材料与高中有机化学探讨

目前使用的多种室内装修材料都含有有机化学污染物,包括甲醛、苯系物等,会对人体健康产生严重威胁。本文将从高中有机化学角度出发,结合所学知识和文献研究成果,对室内装修材料的化学污染物进行分析,包括甲醛、苯系物及其他有机化学污染物,在此基础上,提出几点室内装修材料的选择与应用策略,包括有机化学污染检测、污染物治理以及绿色材料的选择应用等。     

室内污染物苯系物危害现状及防治对策研究

目前阶段,室内装修技术水平明显提升,但室内空气中的苯系物污染问题却逐渐突显出来,严重危害人们的身体健康。基于此,文章将室内污染物苯系物作为主要研究内容,重点阐述其危害现状与防治对策,希望有所帮助。     

Tenax-A加装活性炭采集TVOC

通常采集空气中TVOC的采样管内装填的是Tenax-A一种填料,采集苯系物的采样管填充的是活性炭。只装Tenax-A一种填料的TVOC采样管的缺点是对高沸点的VOC采集效率高,但对低沸点的TVOC如三苯等采集效率低[5],我们在市售的TVOC采样管中加装活性炭,提高了对低沸点VOC的采集率,使得分析结果更加准确。     

室内空气污染分析与控制

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,由家装、家具及日化带来的室内环境污染问题越来越严重。本文通过分析室内空气污染物甲醛、苯、TVOC的来源,提出了如何有效控制室内环境污染的措施,从而改善人类居住环境的空气质量.充分发挥环境对人类社会的积极影响,促进社会健康持续的良性循环。     

浅谈室内环境污染及处理对策

针对目前比较严重的室内污染状况,本文分析了我国室内环境污染的来源、特点,并就室内环境主要污染物甲醛、苯系物、氨气、氡及其危害进行了分析,进而提出了室内环境污染治理的相应对策措施。     

光触媒治理室内空气污染的实验研究

本文研究了两种光触媒在不同条件下对室内空气中有害物质甲醛、苯系物、TVOC降解效率。指出光触媒在无可见光下,净化效率低的不足之处,并对此提出建设性意见。     

Optical Properties of Gd–α-Sialon Ceramics: Effect of Carbon Contamination

Thick translucent and luminescent Gd–α-sialon ceramic disks (0.7–1.06 mm in thickness) were prepared by hot pressing. The effect of carbon atmosphere on their optical properties during sintering was explored by change packing methods. The results show that the sample with a lower carbon contamination has a higher translucence in the visible band and IR band (450–3500 nm), increasing transmission around 10% even if it is thicker. When excited at 350 nm, Gd–α-sialon with the lower carbon contamination can produce a visible light at 450–500 nm bands, but the luminescence is very weak in the sample containing more carbon contamination. These indicate that carbon contamination causes a severe degradation of the optical properties of α-sialon ceramics, and reduction of carbon contamination of α-sialon ceramics is very important for the optical property improvement.     

Vinyl meeting today's and tomorrow's indoor air quality requirements

The growth of the “green” building market has raised new questions about the indoor air performance of building products. Indoor air pollution can consist of chemical, biological, and particulate irritants. Vinyl products have been shown to be well suited with respect to indoor air criteria as defined in current standards and “green” building guidelines. People spend more that 80% of their time indoors. Measurements have shown that levels of some indoor air contaminants can be many times higher than those outdoors. Known sources and factors for poor indoor air quality include tobacco smoke, radon, microbial contamination, dust, pet dander, fibers, and particulates. But they seem to be secondary to public concern for chemical emissions from products. Concerns of health effects from certain chemical air pollutants at even very low concentrations (parts per billion) in the workplace and the home have driven suppliers to test their products for emissions in order to assess the impact of those products on indoor air quality. Technology and methods to evaluate the indoor air performance of products have advanced over the past decade. State, federal, and green building rating guidelines with health‐based exposure limits have evolved both domestically and globally. At the same time, the use of vinyl as a replacement for traditional materials and products in the building and construction sector continues to grow. New uses such as vinyl decking and rail, vinyl moldings and trims, along with new flooring and wall covering designs, have increased the use of vinyl in both exteriors and interiors of buildings. Product manufacturers' attention to impacts of products on indoor air quality has resulted in the development of new innovative vinyl compounds and new installation methods. Taken together, these improvements allow vinyl products to meet and exceed even the evolving target for product performance from an indoor air quality perspective. Many of these products require less maintenance and cleaning, thus resulting in lowering of indoor pollutants. Although technical successes have evolved, commercial success will depend on a conscientious consumer. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 13:138–142, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

未确知测度模型在室内空气质量评价中的应用研究

文章尝试利用未确知测度理论建立了室内空气质量评价模型,并通过实例进行了验证和分析,取得了较好的效果。该模型及其函数的构造切合实际情况,能够准确掌握室内空气质量状况和变化趋势,为有效地开展预测、卫生防疫和控制污染等工作提供支持,以满足实际情况的需要。     

A field-ion microscope study of anodic film formation on iridium and platinum

Field-ion microscopy has been used to examine the surfaces of iridium and platinum specimens that had been subjected to potentiostatic anodic treatment in 0·1 N sulphuric acid at potentials in the range +0·5 to +2·2 V (nhe).Information has been obtained concerning the microstructure and thickness of multilayer anodic films on both metals; the films are substantially amorphous. The oxide/metal interface has been revealed by controlled field evaporation and has been shown to be quite discrete. Attempts to study monolayer films proved somewhat inconclusive owing to the difficulty of distinguishing between the images of anodically formed material and those of atmosphere contamination.     

黄磷生产中放射性核素迁移规律及放射性污染防治对策

讨论黄磷生产过程中放射性核素Ｕ、Ｔｈ、＾２２６Ｒａ从原材料到废渣、废水及大气中的迁移规律和所占的份额,并对生产过程中厂区及居民区放射性污染现状进行评价和剂量估算,并提出对策和建议。     

土壤重金属含量变化预测模式在环境影响评价中的应用

以广西某铅锌冶炼企业厂区周边土壤中的重金属为研究对象,采用土壤重金属累积模式预测由大气沉降至土壤中的重金属年变化趋势。根据预测结果,锌、铅最大累积贡献值点在项目投产20年后均满足《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)二级标准的要求。     

Effect of synthesis atmosphere on the proton conductivity of Y-doped barium zirconate solid electrolytes

Yttrium-doped barium zirconate ceramic powders were synthesized by the oxidant peroxide method in air and under controlled atmosphere of nitrogen inside a glove box. The powders were characterized by thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. After uniaxial cold isostatic pressing, green pellets were sintered at 1600 °C for 4 h. The electrical conductivity behavior was accessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that specimens synthesized under controlled atmosphere achieved higher electrical conductivity, two orders of magnitude higher than specimens prepared in laboratory air. The enhancement in electrochemical properties and increase in sintering ability is attributed to the less carbonate contamination as a result lower grain boundary density in the samples prepared under controlled atmosphere.     

Adsorption of the Inhalation Anesthetic Isoflurane from Dry and Humid Atmosphere

For environmental and occupational safety reasons, the inhalation anesthetic isoflurane must be removed from indoor air in hospitals. The present work investigated experimentally the coadsorption of isoflurane and water on four different commercial adsorbents: two activated carbons and two zeolites. Adsorption isotherms from dry and humid atmosphere are shown and discussed, i.e., mixture data are compared with those of the pure substances. For all four adsorbents the dominant parameter regarding structural properties is the pore size distribution. In the case of the zeolites, the surface chemistry, especially the aluminum content, plays a role, too.     

Molecular Analysis of Bacterial and Circovirus Bioaerosols in Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Respiratory illnesses are a significant cause of morbidity for individuals who work within concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs); however, most available information about CAFO aerobiology has derived from culture-based studies, which may detect only a small fraction of microbial diversity present. In this study, we characterized the identity, spatial distribution, and abundance of airborne microorganisms present in swine and dairy CAFOs using direct microscopy, broad-range rRNA PCR, and sequence analysis of air samples collected from within and nearby swine and cattle operations in the western United States. We report that indoor airborne bacterial loads were not elevated above those measured immediately outdoors. The microbial assemblage of these indoor environments was considerably more diverse than reported in previous CAFO aerosol studies. Members of bacterial genera associated with animal gut microbiota, including Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., and Lachnospira spp., were most frequently observed. We detected no recognized, acute respiratory pathogens, but identified the common opportunistic pathogen Aerococcus viridans in several samples. Fungal species were not recovered in any of the indoor clone libraries. Specific PCR assay for porcine circovirus demonstrated that this pathogen is prevalent in the atmosphere of swine environments sampled, but was not detected in the bovine dairy facilities.

Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Microbiological Environmental Monitoring After the Use of Air Purifier Ozone Generator

The work aimed to evaluate the indoor microbiological air quality after using the purifier ozone generator (Brizzamar®), by counting the total viable microorganisms. The plates containing the culture media were exposed on pre-defined locations for 10 min at the times 0 h (without purifier), 1, 2 and 3 h (with purifier). The results showed significant decreases in the microorganisms after using the purifier, reaching a reduction up to 80% of the fungi and bacteria in the environment after two hours. The amount of ozone in the atmosphere was kept at 0,01 ppm, which is considered non-toxic to human exposure. The purifier significantly improved the air quality in indoors.