镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯的微观组织演变

采用常规铸造法和等径道角挤压分别制备了镁合金ZK60-RE半固态坯;用金相显微镜研究了2种半固态坯料在等温热处理过程中的微观组织演变.结果表明:与传统铸造方法制备的半固态坯相比,采用等径道角挤压制备的半固态坯的晶粒细小、圆整,适合于半固态成形.在等温热处理过程中,2种坯料晶粒粗化的机制是合并长大和Ostwald长大.铸...     

液相线模锻法制备ZK60-RE镁合金半固态组织演变

给出了液相线模锻法制备ZK60-RE镁合金半固态坯料的实验方法和工艺参数,并研究了该方法制备的ZK60-RE镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中的微观组织演变.结果表明:利用液相线模锻法可以制备半固态ZK60-RE镁合金坯料,半固态ZK60-RE镁合金坯料在保温时间较短的半固态等温热处理过程中能形成晶粒细小、晶粒粗化速度较为缓慢的球晶组织,晶粒在600℃保温15 min、610℃保温3 min和618℃保温0 min时分别达到最小,最小尺寸分别为35、45、30 μm,能够达到半固态加工实际化生产的较高要求.晶粒在不同的温度下随着保温时间的延长,晶粒的圆整度均逐渐变小,球晶化越来越好.     

等温热处理对AZ61稀土镁合金半固态组织的影响

研究了等温热处理对AZ61稀土镁合金半固态组织的影响,结果表明:随着等温热处理温度的升高,铸态合金中的初始枝晶组织演变成了半固态非枝晶组织,经过了粗化、组织分离和球化三个过程。在等温热处理过程中,稀土La的加入阻碍了原子向固相粒子的聚集和固相粒子的合并,抑制了固相粒子的进一步长大,使半固态非枝晶组织更加细小。经过不同保温时间后,不规则的大块状组织开始球化,形成大量的近球形颗粒。但是,随着保温时间的进一步延长,球化的颗粒开始粗化长大且在颗粒内形成了大量的液岛。枝晶组织的球化过程,包括二次枝晶壁消失和Ostwald熟化。     

新SIMA法制备铝合金3A21半固态坯料

利用有限元模拟软件模拟不同路径下等径角挤压过程,分析材料等效应变分布情况,通过等径角挤压实验、半固态等温处理实验、金相显微镜、金相检验软件系统等实验方法和分析设备,研究铝合金3A21半固态坯料显微组织晶粒尺寸同等效应变的关系,分析不同工艺参数对晶粒等积圆直径和形状系数的影响。结果表明,随着材料经过ECAE后等效应变的增大,半固态坯料晶粒尺寸减小;随着保温时间的延长,晶粒尺寸增大、圆整度增加。     

3A21铝合金半固态坯料制备工艺研究

以3A21铝合金为研究对象,将等径角挤压工艺与等温处理工艺相结合,从实验角度研究其中的工艺参数对半固态组织尺寸形貌的影响。采用Bc路径进行ECAP3道次处理,然后在660℃下保温20,25,30min,得到27个试样的半固态组织。结果表明,随着挤压道次的增加,晶粒尺寸减小,变形更加均匀,并且累积变形能的增多,也为后续半固态等温处理提供了更好的应变诱导条件;保温时间越长,半固态组织演化越完全,晶粒球化越完整,但晶粒尺寸会随着保温时间的延长而长大。最后得出最佳工艺参数匹配:室温下沿Bc路径等径角挤压3道次,660℃下保温25min;最终半固态坯料显微组织的平均等积圆直径d=83.7μm,平均形状系数Fc=0.84。     

等温处理时间对触变挤压锡青铜轴套的组织和性能的影响

采用冷轧-等温处理SIMA法(CRITSIMA法)制备半固态锡青铜坯料并将其挤压成锡青铜轴套,研究了等温处理时间对其微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着等温处理时间的延长锡青铜轴套的平均晶粒尺寸随之增大,晶粒的粗化速率为296μm³/s,形状因子先增大后减小,布氏硬度和延伸率先提高后降低,抗拉强度逐渐降低。在910℃等温15 min的锡青铜轴套其综合性能最高,形状因子为0.74,平均晶粒尺寸为63.56μm,抗拉强度为368 MPa,延伸率为4.5%,布氏硬度为126 HBW。     

双螺杆机械搅拌半固态镁合金的组织与性能

采用双螺杆机械搅拌制浆机和半固态流变压铸成形工艺制备AZ91D镁合金半固态浆料,研究了材料性能与微观组织之间的关系．结果表明,随着镁液的浇注温度或搅拌机简体温度的降低,半固态浆料的固相率越高,初生α-Mg相晶粒变得更细小和圆整,简体温度比镁液浇注温度的影响更显著．当浆料固相率控制在30％-45％时,半固态流变压铸成形镁合金铸件具有较高的抗拉强度和延伸率;随着晶粒平均尺寸的增加,材料的力学性能逐渐降低．提出了高剪切速率下流变压铸成形非枝晶组织的形成机理．     

大挤压形变AZ91 D镁合金半固态等温组织演变

通过液淬法获得挤压比为40的AZ91D镁合金等温处理过程中的半固态组织,研究其球化机制.结果表明:密集位错促使再结晶速度加快,球化时间缩短.球化机制为等温过程中再结晶导致形变组织粒化,晶界低熔点组份聚集处以及位错密度相对较高的区域熔化,形成蜂巢状组织;固液界面张力和曲率过热促使多边形晶粒进一步球化.     

超声波搅拌及等温热处理对ZL101合金半固态组织的影响

采用超声波搅拌和等温热处理制备ZL101合金半固态坯料,研究了超声波搅拌处理和等温热处理中等温温度、等温时间等工艺参数对ZL101半固态组织形貌的影响。研究结果表明:超声波搅拌可有效细化和球化组织,消除组织缺陷;适当的等温处理可以明显改善半固态ZL101的凝固组织;当等温温度为590℃、等温时间为30min时,半固态ZL101合金中初生α-Al相细化和球化效果最明显;初生α-Al相的平均等积圆尺寸达到157μm,形状因子达到0.87。     

Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-xCu镁合金非枝晶组织的演变过程及机理

采用等温热处理法制备了Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-xCu(x=0、0.5、1.0、1.5,质量分数/%)合金的半固态坯料,探讨了Cu元素及其含量对Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-xCu合金铸态和半固态组织的影响,同时,研究了等温温度和保温时间对Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-1Cu合金半固态组织演变的影响并分析了非枝晶组织的形成机理。结果表明：在半固态组织演变过程中,随着等温温度的升高和保温时间的延长,固相颗粒的尺寸和形状因子先减小后增大。铸态组织和溶质原子的扩散行为是影响等温热处理过程中非枝晶组织形貌及其演变的主要因素。当Cu含量为1.0%(质量分数)时,合金铸态组织细小,Cu对非枝晶组织的优化效果最佳。Mg-7Zn-0.2Ti-1Cu合金在600℃下保温30 min时获得的非枝晶组织较为理想,其固相颗粒的平均尺寸、形状因子和固相率分别为43.12μm、1.46和59.77%,满足半固态成形的要求。     

Application of equal channel angular extrusion to semi-solid processing of magnesium alloy

A new method called new strain induced and melt activated (new SIMA) is introduced firstly through using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) as strain induced step in SIMA and completing melt activated step by semi-solid isothermal treatment, by which semi-solid billet with fine spheroidal grains with average grain size of 5 μm can be prepared. Comparing with common SIMA, semi-solid processed satellite angle frame components using semi-solid billet prepared by new SIMA have higher room temperature and 393 K high temperature mechanical properties.     

等径道角挤压制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金

为了制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金坯料,采用金相显微镜、材料拉伸实验机等手段对Mg-6Al合金铸坯进行等径道角挤压实验研究.并利用热处理工艺对挤压后材料进行处理,研究热处理工艺参数对材料力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,Mg-6Al合金的铸坯的抗拉强度为196.4MPa,延伸率为12.6%.经过等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的晶粒被大大细化,其晶粒尺寸由铸坯的140μm左右细化到8μm左右.其力学性能有很大提高,抗拉强度由196.4MPa提高到308.2MPa;延伸率由12.6%提高到30.6%.等径道角挤压工艺是一种非常好的制备高力学性能、细晶Mg-6Al合金的工艺方法.固溶和人工时效热处理工艺对等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的强度有较大影响,对延伸率影响较小.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of SPD-processed an as-cast AZ91D+Y magnesium alloy by equal channel angular extrusion and multi-axial forging

The aim of this work is to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of an as-cast AZ91D+Y magnesium alloy processed via two different severe plastic deformation techniques, equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) and multi-axial forging (MAF). The grains were significantly refined after only one pass for both ECAE and MAF processed billets. However, the homogeneity of the SPD-processed microstructure increased with increasing number of passes. Micro-hardness and tensile tests showed that billets processed by ECAE and MAF techniques followed a same behaviour. With the increase of the number of processing passes (accumulated strain), the values of micro-hardness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation were observed to increase. Grain refinement caused by dynamic recrystallization was introduced to explain the effects of the number of processing passes (accumulated strain) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91D+Y magnesium alloys processed by ECAE and MAF techniques.     

变形的AZ91D镁合金半固态等温压缩的力学行为

为了了解等径道角挤压(ECAE)的AZ91D镁合金在半固态压缩变形中的力学特征,利用半固态温压缩实验、Gleeble1500实验机和金相显微镜对其在半固态压缩变形中的力学行为进行了研究.结果表明:ECAE的AZ91D镁合金在半固态等温压缩中变形由固相晶粒本身的塑性变形、液相包围着固相晶粒的滑动和转动构成;该材料的真应力-真应变曲线由应力激增阶段、应力下降阶段、稳态阶段和应力增加阶段组成;随保温时间的增加或变形温度的升高,获得相同应变量的真应力明显下降,稳态应力和峰值应力也明显下降;随应变速率的增加,稳态应力增加.     

Influence of equal channel angular extrusion processing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Al–Y–Zn alloy

An as-cast Mg–Al–Y–Zn alloy was successfully processed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) in the temperature range of 225–400 °C, and the influences of processing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The use of back pressure during one-pass ECAE of Mg–Al–Y–Zn alloy was favorable for eliminating the undeformed area in the billet. At the processing temperature below 250 °C, the microstructures were characterized by unrecrystallised structure and the precipitated phase Mg₁₇Al₁₂ was elongated along the extrusion direction. With increasing processing temperature to 350 °C, a large number of recrystallised grains were obtained. Increasing processing temperature promoted workability but led to decrease in the strength of Mg–Al–Y–Zn alloy. Then billets of as-cast Mg–Al–Y–Zn alloy were extruded at different numbers of ECAE passes. It was found that the microstructure was effectively refined by ECAE and mechanical properties were improved with numbers of ECAE passes increasing from one-pass to four passes. However, strengths decreased slightly after five passes though the grain size decreased considerably.     

Equal Channel Angular Deformation （ECAD） of As-Cast AM60 Magnesium Alloy

As-cast AM60 magnesium alloy ingot with grains coarser than those of as-extruded AZ series is more liable to produce cracks under ECAD with severe shear strain. A feasible scheme of equal channel angular deformation (ECAD) for as-cast AM60 magnesium alloy ingot was proposed in this paper. The tests were conducted on Instron machine with hydraulic back-force machine. Through analysing load vs displacement curves, the effects of ECAD processing conditions on deformability and microstructure of as-cast magnesium AM60 billets were discussed. During testing,the back-force employment was helpful to keep ECAD processing more stable. And with back-force, it was observed that the number of ECAD passes in different routes could tremendously affect the deformability and microstructure of magnesium specimens. It was concluded that ECAD processing is entirely feasible for as-cast magnesium AM60 alloy under severe shear strain, and back-force employment, multi-passes deformation and lubrication of graphite paper are the factors primarily beneficial to improvement of deformability and refinement of grained structure. This work provides a way to produce magnesium alloy with fine-grained structure directly from casting ingot by ECAD technique.     

Microstructural Evolution of 6061 Alloy during Isothermal Heat Treatment

The semi-solid billet of 6061 aluminum alloy was prepared by the near-liquidus semi-continuous casting(LSC) with rosette or near-spheroide grains.The pre-deformation processing was applied before partial remelting to further improve the microstructure and properties of the semi-solid alloy.The effects of different processing parameters,such as holding temperature and holding time,on the semisolid microstructures during partial remelting have been investigated.It was found that the optimal partial remelting parameters should be 630℃ and 10-15 min for 6061 alloy cold rolled with 60% reduction in height of pre-deformation.The coarsening rates were anasysed by Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner(LSW) theory.The pre-deformed 6061 alloy exhibits lower coarsening rate constants than that of the as-cast one,and also lower than other alloys processed by different method found in previous literature.It is because the coarsening rate is associated with the initial microstructure and composition of the alloy.The secondary phases in the alloy inhibit the migration of the liquid film grain boundaries.The microstructure obtained by using the combination of near-liquidus semicontinuous casting and pre-deformation treatment is better than that without pre-deformation processing,which demonstrates that the used method is promising for fabricating high quality semi-solid alloys.     

添加Sm对不同尺寸Mg-6Zn-0.4Zr镁合金坯料非枝晶组织演变的影响

采用半固态等温热处理法对添加0%、2%(质量分数)稀土SmΦ10mm和Φ20mm的Mg-6Zn-0.4Zr合金坯料非枝晶组织演变进行研究。结果表明,未添加Sm的两种尺寸合金坯料的半固态组织都存在明显的尺寸效应。从试样的边缘到芯部,固相颗粒尺寸由小逐渐变大,圆整度趋于恶化,液相逐渐减少;此外,随着坯料尺寸增大,由边缘到芯部的半固态组织的差异也增大。添加Sm的两种合金坯料经等温热处理后,固相颗粒的尺寸效应基本消除。固相颗粒尺寸整体变得均匀且细小,同时颗粒圆整度趋于完美,适宜触变成形要求。此外,添加2%的Sm使合金的非枝晶组织演变进程加快。