新除草剂HNPC-A9092对小麦田杂草的防除效果

对10%HNPC-A9092水乳剂进行了小麦田药效试验,结果表明HNPC-A9092对小麦田主要禾本科杂草均有较好的防治效果,同时对小麦安全。     

小麦田一次性除草剂的筛选

小麦田一次性除草剂的筛选李振陆，陈啸寅，高晓明，焦让根，张正荣，夏伍孝，李大胜（江苏省句容农业学校，２１２４００）为寻求一次性防除小麦田单、双子叶杂草的最佳复配组合，１９９２～１９９３年度我们在校实习农场进行了麦田一次性除草剂的筛选试验。结果如下：材...     

磺酰磺隆的室内除草活性及对小麦田杂草田间防除效果

[目的]探讨磺酰磺隆对小麦田杂草的除草活性。[方法]采用室内生物测定方法测定了磺酰磺隆对11种麦田杂草的除草活性,并在小麦田进行了田间试验。[结果]温室试验表明:磺酰磺隆对荠菜、菵草和硬草有很好的防除效果,ED50值分别为1.49、0.98、5.33 g a.i./hm2;对猪殃殃、麦家公、麦瓶草也有较好的效果;对野燕麦等有较好的抑制生长作用,但对播娘蒿、节节麦效果较差。田间试验表明:磺酰磺隆对猪殃殃杂草等均有较好的防效且对小麦安全。[结论]磺酰磺隆可以应用于小麦田防除多种杂草。     

小麦白粉病化学防治现状及发展方向

介绍了小麦白粉底的化学防治现状、存在问题，同时对解决问题的对策及化学防治进行了讨论。     

马铃薯晚疫病化学防治农药应用概述

晚疫病是危害马铃薯生产的一种毁灭性病害,化学防治一直是该病害的主要防治手段。简要介绍了马铃薯晚疫病化学防治农药的发展历程、杀菌机制、应用概况及主要发展方向。     

南大农药填补除草剂空白

每亩仅需1．5g的用量,就防止杂草生长。这种神奇的农药就是由南开大学农药国家工程研究中心历经12年创制的超高效绿色除草剂单嘧磺酯。该农药日前通过了科技部农业成果转化资金项目“绿色除草剂单嘧磺砩小麦田应用研究与开发”终期验收。这种专用小麦田除草的绿色农药,可以让良田杂草减少95％以上,填补了我国谷子田化学除草剂长期以来的市场空白。     

卵菌病害的化学防治现状与防治策略

好卵菌丰的发生特点及由卵菌引起的几类主要植物病害的化学防治现状、存在的问题,并结合我国的实际情况就卵菌病害的化学防治策略进行了探讨。     

绿黄隆在元麦田的应用效果研究

绿黄隆在元麦田的应用效果研究陈惠祥，沈俊明，黄敏（江苏沿江地区农科所，如皋２２６５４１）绿黄隆近几年被广泛用于小麦田杂草的防除，是现有除草剂中防除小麦田杂草的优良药剂。但绿黄隆能否安全用于防除大、元麦田杂草的争议较多，本文就绿黄隆在元麦田的安全使用技...     

15%炔草酯微乳剂防治小麦田一年生禾本科杂草田间药效试验

[目的]为产品大批量生产市场化提供验证数据。[方法]通过对15%炔草酯微乳剂防治小麦田禾本科杂草药效试验,验证产品的实际防效。[结果]田间药效试验结果表明:15%炔草酯微乳剂56.21~78.69 g a.i./hm2对小麦田禾本科杂草有良好的防效,就防效而言可以市场化。     

今年麦田除草剂市场新型高效品种成主流

<正>盘点今年麦田除草剂市场,不少经销商和厂商反映,销售量比往年多很多,利润也随之水涨船高,特别可喜的是新型高效除草剂品种需求增长30%以上。随着小麦价格的提高,黄淮海流域和长江流域的小麦田面积大幅攀升,生产厂家和流通企业视小麦田除草剂为去冬今春生产和销售的重中之重。上世纪80年代初,我国麦田除草剂品种主要以丁草胺、2甲4氯、2,4—滴丁酯为主,近年来新型高效除草剂品种大量入市,除性价比占优势的绿麦隆、氯磺     

12.5%保得悬浮剂防治地下害虫试验

１９９８年７月～１９９９年６月，我们进行１２．５％的保得悬浮剂室内盆载及在玉米和小麦田防治地下害虫药效试验，试验结果表明，１２．５％保得悬浮剂对地下害虫有很好的防效，拌种各处理的保苗效果与４０％甲基柳磷乳油的防效基本相当。     

毒死蜱在水稻害虫防治中的应用概述

毒死蜱是高效、中毒、广谱类有机磷杀虫剂,已被广泛应用于水稻害虫及其它农业害虫防治。概述了毒死蜱的理化性质、作用特点,并着重介绍了毒死蜱系列药剂在水稻上登记情况及对水稻害虫的防治效果。同时文章还讨论了毒死蜱在稻田生境中降解残留、使用安全性及应用研究中存在的问题。     

5种种衣剂对甘肃省小麦散黑穗病防治效果

[目的]明确5种种子包衣剂对小麦散黑穗病的防治效果及对产量的影响。[方法]于2019年在民乐县,采用播种前种子包衣处理,进行田间试验。[结果]供试种子包衣剂对小麦出苗安全,对小麦散黑穗病的防效在90.15%~97.78%之间,增产幅度在9.39%~13.05%之间。其中27%苯醚·咯·噻虫FS和15%吡·福·烯唑醇FS防病、增产作用更为显著,防效、产量和增幅分别为97.78%、8340.74 kg/hm^2、13.05%和95.93%、8200.00 kg/hm^2、11.20%。[结论]建议生产中选用27%苯醚·咯·噻虫FS和15%吡·呋·烯唑醇FS,进行种子包衣防治小麦散黑穗病。     

六种农药对草履蚧防治效果的研究

草履蚧在石家庄地区１年发生１代,活动危害期为２月上旬－６月上旬。田间防治以久效磷,吡虫啉,氧乐果等为佳。久效磷喷施后７天的虫口减退率达９４．０％。     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Resistant Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum) under Sitobion avenae (F.) Infestation

The grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) is one of the most destructive pests of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Deployment of resistant wheat germplasm appears as an excellent solution for this problem. Elite bread wheat cultivars only have limited resistance to this pest. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of the tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) variety Lanmai, which showed high resistance to S. avenae at both seedling and adult plant stages, as a source of resistance genes. Based on apterous adult aphids’ fecundity tests and choice bioassays, Lanmai has been shown to display antixenosis and antibiosis. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was employed to identify and isolate the putative candidate defense genes in Lanmai against S. avenae infestation. A total of 134 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified and categorized based on their putative functions. RT-qPCR analysis of 30 selected genes confirmed their differential expression over time between the resistant wheat variety Lanmai and susceptible wheat variety Polan305 during S. avenae infestation. There were 11 genes related to the photosynthesis process, and only 3 genes showed higher expression in Lanmai than in Polan305 after S. avenae infestation. Gene expression analysis also revealed that Lanmai played a critical role in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways after S. avenae infestation. This study provided further insights into the role of defense signaling networks in wheat resistance to S. avenae and indicates that the resistant tetraploid wheat variety Lanmai may provide a valuable resource for aphid tolerance improvement in wheat.     

氯氟吡氧乙酸防除春小麦田阔叶杂草药效研究

20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC适用于春小麦田,适宜剂量为750～940mL/hm2,在小麦4叶1心～5叶期使用,防除阔叶杂草效果达90%以上。对小麦安全,灭草后增产显著。     

Behavioral responses to food volatiles by two species of stored-product coleoptera,Sitophilus oryzae (curculionidae) andTribolium castaneum (tenebrionidae)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the behavioral activity of grain-derived volatiles as attractants and pheromone synergists forSitophilus oryzae, an internal-feeding pest of sound grain, andTribolium castaneum, an external-feeding pest of damaged grains and flour. Behavioral studies with two-choice pitfall bioassays determined that the fresh grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin were attractive toS. oryzae at various doses, butT. castaneum were not attracted to any dose of any of these three compounds. When oils from pressed grains were bioassayed, sesame oil was significantly repellent and oat and wheat germ oils were attractive toS. oryzae. However, rice, soybean, oat, wheat germ, and corn oils were all attractive toT. castaneum. A commercial food product composed primarily of soybean oil and wheat germ was highly attractive toT. castaneum, but elicited no response fromS. oryzae. A combination of the three grain volatiles valeraldehyde, maltol, and vanillin with the synthetic pheromone sitophinone was more attractive toS. oryzae than either the pheromone alone or the tripartite grain volatile mix. Similarly, a combination of the commercial food product with the pheromone 4,8-dimethyldecanal was more attractive toT. castaneum than either food alone or pheromone alone. Behavioral responses to grain volatiles may reflect the ecological niche of the granivore:S. oryzae colonizes sound grain and is attracted to volatiles characteristic of fresh grain, whileT. castaneum utilizes damaged or deteriorated grains and responds best to oils characteristic of damaged or fungus-infested grain. Synergism of food odors and pheromones suggests that more effective traps can be devised for management of these pest insects.     

Inducible Production of Phenolic Acids in Wheat and Antibiotic Resistance to Sitodiplosis mosellana

Larvae of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) feed on the surface of wheat seeds for about 10 days beginning when pollination occurs. A few wheats have a high level of antibiotic resistance to the larvae, which suppresses their growth and development. Nearly all larvae develop successfully on susceptible wheats. Analysis by HPLC of seed extracts produced by alkaline hydrolysis revealed rapid changes in the levels of p-coumaric and ferulic acids during early seed development. Seed infested by wheat midge larvae showed induced changes in the dynamics of these phenolic acids. The most resistant wheats had a higher constitutive level and a more rapid induction of ferulic acid than susceptible wheats. Levels of ferulic acid exceeding 0.35 g/g fresh weight were associated with a high mortality of newly hatched larvae. In one wheat line, resistance also was associated with induced production of p-coumaric acid. The induction of ferulic acid was similar in wheat from the laboratory and field, except in one resistant wheat that produced higher levels in the field. In ripe seeds, resistant and susceptible wheats had similar levels of phenolic acids.