青海省适宜太阳能提水灌溉草场区域分析

针对近年来在全球气候变化和人类过度放牧的影响下降水偏少,草场退化严重的现状,利用太阳能提水灌溉草场是解决干旱地区草场退化的有效途径,以青海省为例,分析了水资源与草场的匹配情况,并分别从经济效益与地下水可持续两方面论证了实施太阳能提水灌溉的可行性.结果表明,青海省实施太阳能提水灌溉的潜力很大,当降水量为350～400 mm时太阳能提水灌溉单位投入产出量最大,提水后仍可保持地下水的可持续性.该法有效可行,并可促进生态改善和当地经济发展,供借鉴.     

风力提水泵站的设计

近年来出现和发展的风力提水泵站,在工程设计中还存在着很多的缺陷.一些风力提水工程运行效率低,有些不能很好地发挥作用.根据多年风力提水泵站的建设和设计经验,从工程的选址、机型的选择、参数的确定和蓄水及输水问题等方面,介绍了风力提水泵站的设计方法和步骤.     

松塔水电站工程提水泵站优化设计

为了提高松塔水电站提水泵站的效率和经济性,根据现场地形情况及工程自身特点对提水泵站进行了优化设计,将设置在大坝下游的提水泵站前移至坝后发电站旁,并将提水泵站水泵进水管由无压进水改为接坝后电站供水有压管,利用水库水位差的势能直接实现能量转换,另外为降低主供水点的提水扬程,将两个供水点一条供水管线改为两条管线分别供水,大幅降低了提水能耗。通过优化设计,节能降耗效果十分显著。     

张峰水库梯级泵站供水系统优化调度研究

为分析梯级泵站复杂供水系统的优化调度问题,以张峰水库梯级泵站供水系统为例,利用泵相似特性理论,对梯级泵站变速调节时的各种开机台数匹配工况进行理论计算分析,以梯级泵站供水系统效率最高为目标,对梯级泵站流量进行平衡匹配。对张峰水库梯级泵站流量匹配的分析计算表明,梯级泵站采取变速调节方式可有效解决站与站之间流量匹配的问题。张峰水库复杂供水系统一、二级站采用变速调节方式可达到流量相互匹配,通过数值模拟提出的流量匹配方式,可为张峰水库梯级泵站优化调度提供技术支持。研究成果为其他类似泵站的优化调度提供了参考。     

光电提水设备的系统结构模式介绍

采用太阳能光伏电力提水设备解决无电地区的人畜饮水和灌溉问题,是最理想的方式之一。一方面,太阳能资源分布广,就地可取;另一方面,光电提水设备无污染、无噪声,可靠性高,维护工作量极小。据国家水利部有关专家试验测评,光电提水成本小于 0.2元 /t,比柴油机提水成本低一半左右。随着太阳电池价格的下降,光电提水设备的前景更加广阔。 　　下面介绍几种光电提水设备的系统结构模式和特点。 1光电提水设备的系统结构模式 　　光电提水设备的系统结构模式如图 1～图 4所示。 2 4种系统结构模式的分析比较 　　(1)图 1和图 2为全自动…     

基于DSP的单相逆变在太阳能提水系统的应用

一引言我国是全球最大的光伏生产国,但其中超过96%销往国外,国内光伏应用率极低。而国内的农业、工业生产都离不开电能的消耗。太阳能提水抗旱系统充分发挥光伏发电技术的优势,利用太阳能提水灌溉支援抗旱,是我国光伏发电与农业抗旱的有机结合和成功尝试,也有效扩大了太阳能应用内需。太阳能提水抗旱系统由太阳电池阵列和太阳能提水控制器组成,太阳电池阵列则由太阳电池板组成,与水平面成45角倾斜,吸收太阳能产生高压直流电,通过控制器转化成动力交流电,推动水泵提水工作。该系统与传统水泵抽水     

小型风力发电提水试验系统

通过小型风力发电提水试验研究，探讨了离网型风力发电机组发电提水的优越性。与传统的风力提水机组相比，小型风力发电提水系统具有设备简单、适应性强和匹配性好等优点。     

变行程风力提水技术

研究了以变行程技术实现机械式风力提水机风轮与活塞泵在宽风速范围的高效匹配问题.文章对变行程风力提水技术的基本原理进行了分析;提出了风轮与活塞泵最佳匹配时行程随风速变化的关系式;研究了变行程提水机组的工作特性;采用瑞利分布对机组投运后的出力进行了预测.研究结果表明,变行程技术对改善风力提水机组的工作特性有明显效果.     

梯级泵站优化运行调度分析

在多级提水系统中,各级泵站之间有关系密切的水力联系,各站的流量,水位互相影响,制约整个提水系统的运行。除了各级站本身内部机组优化运行以外,主要是各级泵站水力要素的优化组合与调配。     

基于运行曲线的机械式风力提水机组匹配性设计方法研究

为改善风力提水机组设计中的部件匹配性问题,提高提水机组运行效率,提出一种机泵分离式风力提水机组匹配性设计方法。通过各部件运行曲线之间的工作点追踪与交叉确定风轮、空气压缩机以及隔膜泵之间相匹配的最佳设计点。并依照该方法设计试验样机,通过对样机的监测,各个运行参数之间的相关性与理论一致,样机运行稳定。该匹配性设计方法可普遍适用于机泵分离式风力提水机组,提高机组的寿命和运行效率。     

Valuation and development of the solar hydrogen production

This article considers Algeria as a case study for the evaluation of the solar hydrogen production potential. The study relates to the design of a hydrogen generating station by water electrolysis whose energy resources are solar. The electricity supply is done by a solar tower power plant. The numerical simulation of the hydrogen production for the installation proposed is made while being based on the characteristic equations governing the electrolysis of water, hydraulic pumping system and the solar tower. The hydrogen production rate is given for various values of the solar radiation and several sites of Algeria. The results obtained by the established computer code, and of which the required goal is the determination of the most favorable conditions for a better production of hydrogen, are presented and discussed.     

基于遗传算法的地表水取水泵站优化调度

针对我国地表水取水泵站运行效率不高、能源浪费等问题,基于地表水取水泵站优化调度模型,利用遗传算法以泵站运行总功率最小为目标函数编写泵站优化调度程序,分别计算北方某水库地表水处于最低水位不同日供水量、常水位不同日供水量的系统工况下泵站运行功率。结果表明,地表水常水位运行情况下比日常运行方案节能3.8%。可见遗传算法编写的泵站优化程序有效可行。     

Small-scale irrigation with photovoltaic water pumping system in Sahara regions

Several photovoltaic applications, specially the water pumping systems, are installed to contribute in the socio–economic development in Algerian Sahara. About sixty pumps are installed in remote regions to supply water for drinking and irrigation. The centrifugal pumps present the state-of-the-art for most applications. This paper presents the electrical and hydraulic performance of a surface centrifugal pump versus total water heads and versus a size of PV array. Also the area irrigated by this solar surface pump is calculated under Sahara climate conditions for four crops, namely wheat, potatoes, tomatoes and sunflowers. These were selected to meet with food standards of the sites. Two application sites were chosen to test the developed model. The first is Bechar station and the second is Tamanrasset station. In both, the recorded solar radiation data were used. The results, which are illustrated by tables and curves, are analysed. The analysis of the performance concluded that this surface pump is suitable for installation in the Sahara regions with low water head.     

具有变频泵的泵站经济运行方式研究

为了探究具有变频泵的泵站供水系统的经济运行方式,以单方水耗电量最低为优化目标,根据水泵运行时的能量公式,推导出全泵机组单方水耗电量随水泵效率和变频器效率变化的数学模型,以山西省某供水工程泵站为例,根据水泵、变频器两者效率随变速比变化的关系曲线,提出在原运行方式下改变泵站净扬程并适当提高变频泵的变速比的经济运行方式,计算和比较了水泵机组在经济运行方式与原运行方式下的单方水耗电量。结果表明,经济运行方式比原运行方式节能,可达到降低水泵机组能耗、实现泵站经济运行的目的。     

Solar water pumping

The principles of solar water pumping are briefly described. The mechanical energy needed for pumping water may be produced by thermodynamic, or direct-conversion methods. In thermodynamic conversion a fluid with high internal energy is produced in solar collectors or concentrators. The internal energy of the fluid may be utilized in Rankine-, Brayton-, or Stirling-cycles or in specially designed devices. The nature of irrigation in the arid regions calls for scattered water pumping stations, hence small solar pumps. These pumps may be mass produced and delivered to the site. The direct conversion includes photovoltaic, themoelectric and thermionic processes. With the current prices of solar cells photovoltaic water pumping seems to be economically competitive with the current solar Rankine-cycle system in the power ranges of below 5 kW, especially when both systems have to be imported by a developing country.     

Application of photovoltaic array for pumping water as an alternative to diesel engines in Jordan Badia,Tall Hassan station: Case study

The availability of water and the ability to access are the key questions arising in developing countries including Jordan, which is the fourth poorest country in the world regarding water resources. Renewable energy, especially solar energy, can potentially play a role in the supply of safe water in Jordan Badia, where nearly 80% of the total area of Jordan is Badia, and in most cases these deep wells are far away from the national grid electricity, and in some of these areas there is an important quantity of groundwater at shallow depths. This paper introduces and compares the cost-effectiveness and the Present Value Cost (PVC) for the economic evaluation of power supply for pumping systems in remote areas in Northern Badia of Jordan by two different energy supply systems, photovoltaic systems and diesel engines.Many variables are taken into account such as the fuel prices, and the required investments. The comparison is made for a wide range of variable values, total head, tank capacity, photovoltaic array peak power and pumping requirements. A case study in Tall Hassan station is conducted to analyze the two power supply pumping systems, which are designed to supply drinking water.The results obtained are useful for choosing the best alternative for the power supply of pumping systems in wells in Northern Badia of Jordan.     

The feasibility of renewable energy sources for pumping clean water in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study for Central Nigeria

With less than 6 mm of rain from November through February every year, the central regions of Nigeria are in acute need of safe and consistent water supplies for drinking and other domestic or agricultural uses. Borehole supplies are capable of meeting a significant proportion of water needs, but ongoing fuel costs to power a generator and pump add a heavy burden to already disadvantaged communities. In this study, a techno-economic analysis is carried out in order to assess the feasibility of renewable energy sources and technologies to substitute for fossil-fuel powered pumping platforms. The results indicate that there is sufficient solar resource throughout these regions to facilitate relatively cost effective water pumping solutions, as well as a potentially effective wind resource depending on the exact location of the pumping station. Although systems based on these resources have high capital costs compared to petrol or diesel-based platforms, over a 20-year project life, the analysis indicates that ongoing fuel costs for a fossil-fuel-based system greatly outweigh the increased up-front costs of renewable alternatives. In conclusion, the results indicate that if the water demand at a particular site exceeds the capabilities of a hand pump, a renewable energy-powered pumping system is an attractive option, both economically and logistically in comparison to fossil-fuel-powered alternatives.     

M市供水泵站优化调度模型及应用

为降低城市供水泵站能耗、提高企业效益,以泵站运行费用最低为目标函数,建立泵站优化调度模型,使用遗传算法求解最优的水泵运行组合,在满足供水量与供水压力的前提下,使水泵均运行在高效段内,减少了能量浪费,并以M市供水系统为例测试了泵站优化调度模型,利用泵站优化调度程序优化了A、B水厂泵站的运行情况,并对比优化能耗与原运行状况的实际能耗。结果表明,A水厂节能效果不明显,B水厂节约能耗约为27.08%,两座水厂的总能耗低于优化前的能耗,节能约14.02%。泵站优化调度理论及其优化方案可在减少供水企业运营成本、提升供水企业服务和管理水平、改善管网水力条件等各方面发挥重要作用。     

Small-scale solar pumping: The technology

The present work is concerned with the direct use of solar energy in water pumping. The available technologies of photovoltaic, thermal and other solar pumping systems are examined. It appears that the most suitable system for solar pumping is the one that satisfies several requirements such as: no movable mechanical parts, reasonable thermal efficiency, minimum manufacturing cost and compact in size.     

水源泵站调速技术改造方案研究

提出了水源泵站调速技术改造方案选择方法，建立了不同调速技术改造方案泵站经济运行的数学模型，并附有工程实例和解法。