高岭石有机插层复合材料的研究及其应用

综述了高岭石/有机物插层复合物发展,分析了高岭石插层复合物插层机理,粘土矿物及高岭土有机物插层应用及插层复合物合成Sialon陶瓷的制备,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

高岭石有机插层复合材料的研究及应用现状

高岭石是一种层状硅酸盐矿物,有机物可进入其层间形成高岭石有机插层复合物。本文综述了高岭石有机插层复合物的发展及其制备,分析了高岭石插层复合物的插层反应特点和插层影响因素,并概述了该领域目前的研究重点和应用前景。     

高岭石／二甲基亚砜插层复合物的制备及影响因素

以高岭土为原料,制备了高岭土／二甲基亚砜（dimethylsulfoxide,DMSO）插层复合物。利用X射线衍射（x-raydiffraction,xgo）,Fourier红外光谱（Fouriertransforminfraredspectracopy,FTIR）,热重一差热分析（thermogravimetric-...     

超声波法制备高岭石插层复合物

用超声波法制备了高岭石插层复合物.利用红外光谱、X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜分析了不同产地高岭石结构的差异、插层效果以及它们之间的关系.比较了不同类型插层剂与高岭石的插层产物、插层效果及插层机理.结果表明:相同条件下,多水高岭石(埃洛石)和结构压力大的管状高岭石比普通高岭石更易于插层.在60℃,3 h,超声波条件下,将高岭石/二甲基亚砜(dimethylsulphoxide,DMSO)作为媒介,采用两步插层法快速制备高岭石/乙醇前驱体,但DMSO的插层率优于乙醇的.甲醇钠与苏州高岭石作用后,使部分苏州土片层间剥离.     

高岭石/苯甲酰胺插层复合物的制备与表征

以高岭石／二甲亚砜作为前驱物,用熔融插层法成功制备了高岭石／苯甲酰胺插层复合物,产物用X射线粉晶衍射和Fourier变换红外光谱进行了表征。实验结果表明：高岭石／苯甲酰胺插层复合物中,高岭石的层间距扩张到1.428nm,插层率达到了82．5％;苯甲酰胺分子的氨基与高岭石的内表面羟基形成了氢键,苯甲酰胺分子可能以单分子层垂直排列于高岭石层间。高岭石／苯甲酰胺插层复合物在140～180℃的温度范围内,会发生苯甲酰胺的脱嵌过程。     

高岭石插层工艺及对其微结构的影响

高岭石是一种1∶1型层状硅酸盐黏土矿物,因其层间缺乏可与插层剂交换的阳离子,以及层间氢键和范德华力的存在,导致插层剂很难进入其层间,因此有关高岭石插层方面的研究受到广泛关注。对固相、液相、协助和聚合插层法及插层分子进入高岭石层间对其微结构产生的影响进行了重点介绍,并对高岭石插层研究存在的问题及今后研究的重点进行了分析。     

高岭石/酒石酸插层复合物的制备与表征

介绍了二甲亚砜(DMSO)取代法制备高岭石/酒石酸(标记为K/T)插层复合物.产物经XRD-6000粉晶衍射和傅立叶变换红外光谱表征.XRD表明:高岭石层间距由0.72 nm扩张到1.09 nm,插层率达50%.红外光谱表明:酒石酸分子的羰基与高岭石的内表面羟基形成了氢键,而羟基与高岭石的硅氧面的氧形成了氢键.酒石酸分子以单分子层平铺于高岭石层间.     

阳离子对醋酸盐插层高岭石影响的研究

采用研磨法制备了高岭石/醋酸钠和高岭石/醋酸钾钠插层复合物,并用XRD、FI-IR、TG-DSC对插层复合物进行表征,探讨了阳离子不同对插层结果的影响.结果表明: K~+、Na~+的不同对插层结果有很大影响,与醋酸钾插层复合物只有一个1.365 nm衍射峰不同,醋酸钠插层复合物,出现了0.979 nm和0.765 nm两个衍射峰,醋酸盐分子在高岭石层间直立取向,阳离子和甲基可能进入到了复三方孔中.     

二次插层法制备有机蒙脱石的研究

用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为插层剂,采取二次插层法制备了有机化蒙脱石,并对一次插层法和二次插层法的效果进行了比较,结果表明,经过二次插层反应后,蒙脱石的层间距从1nm左右增大至3nm,有利于有机分子的进入和形成新的蒙脱石有机复合物。     

高岭石/丙烯酰胺插层复合物的微波制备及其表征

高岭石及其有机插层复合物在高性能陶瓷领域有着良好的应用前景。本文利用微波技术,以DMSO作为前驱体,制备高岭石/丙烯酰胺插层复合物,发现微波对丙稀酰胺的插层反应具有相当明显的促进作用,反应时间从通常的几天缩短到几个小时。采用X-射线衍射、FT-IR光谱、TG等技术对其进行表征。结果表明:反应2小时后,该插层复合物的层间距即可扩大为1.139nm,其键合方式发生了改变,形成新的氢键。这为工业生产高岭石有机插层物以及制造纳米级高岭土提供了高效的新途径,并为进一步生产高性能陶瓷方面打下了基础。     

微波制备高岭石层间复合物的热解变化研究

研究了高岭石的反应活性及处理温度对高岭石层间复合物性能的影响。对样品进行了TG,DTG,DTA,FT-IR和XRD分析。结果表明,在较小粒度和较高浓度下,联氨和醋酸钾与高岭石的反应度分别为96%和89%;高岭石层间的醋酸钾在296 ℃之前稳定,296~440 ℃之间熔融,440 ℃之后分解;高岭石-醋酸钾层间复合物经500 ℃热处理后羟基谱带全部消失,比纯高岭石低150 ℃;高岭石-醋酸钾层间复合物在330 ℃以下结构是稳定的。     

Graphite intercalation compound with iodine as the major intercalate

Halogenated graphite CBr_xI_y (1 < y/x < 10) was made by exposing graphite materials to either pure Br₂ or an I₂/Br₂/HBr mixture to initiate the reaction, and then to iodine vapor containing a small amount of Br₂/HBr/IBr to complete the intercalation reaction. Wetting of the graphite materials by the I₂/Br₂/HBr mixture is needed to start the reaction, and a small amount of Br₂/HBr/IBr is needed to complete the charge transfer between iodine and carbon. The interplanar spacings for the graphite materials need to be in the 3.35 to 3.41 Å range. The X-ray diffraction data obtained from the halogenated HOPG indicate that the distance between the two carbon layers containing intercalate is 7.25 Å. Electrical resistivity of the fiber product is from 3 to 6.5 times the pristine value. The presence of a small amount of isoprene rubber in the reaction significantly increased the iodine-to-bromine ratio in the product. In this reaction, rubber is known to generate HBr and to slowly remove bromine from the vapor. The halogenation generally caused a 22% to 25% weight increase. The halogens were found uniformly distributed in the product interior. However, although the surface contains very little iodine, it has high concentrations of bromine and oxygen. It is believed that the high concentrations of bromine and oxygen in this surface cause the halogenated fiber to be more resistant to structural damage during subsequent fluorination to fabricate graphite fluoride fibers.     

有机复合磷肥的生产

介绍有机复合磷肥的生产过程及其生产工艺参数的自动控制 ,阐述城市生活垃圾处理与发展有机复合磷肥的现状。     

高岭土插层与剥离影响因素的研究

采用混合-静置法制备了高岭土/乙酸钾插层复合物,考察了含水量和温度对插层反应的影响,同时研究了不同剥离方式和插层率对插层复合物剥离效果的影响。结果表明,插层反应体系中少量的水有利于插层反应的进行,在20℃下反应24 h即可达到91%以上的插层率,无需搅拌和高温等其他能耗。高温水洗法和超声水洗法剥离效果较好,插层率越高的复合物剥离后晶粒厚度越小。     

Comparison of solution intercalation and melt intercalation of polymer-clay nanocomposites

Polymer-clay nanocomposites of poly(ethylene oxide)/Na-montmorillonite (PEO/MMT) and PEO/organo-modified bentonite (B34) systems prepared via solution intercalation and melt intercalation have been compared by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The gallery size of solution-intercalated hybrids in both PEO/MMT and PEO/B34 systems increases with PEO content up to a plateau level at 15%. However, the gallery size of melt-intercalated PEO/MMT and PEO/B34 hybrid remains the same regardless of the PEO concentration. FTIR analysis shows no difference in spectrum of samples prepared by solution intercalation compared to melt intercalation. The PEO conformation in the PEO/clay intercalated hybrids is concluded to be a distorted helical structure.     

Electrorheological properties of kaolinite,polyindole, and polyindole/kaolinite composite suspensions

In this study, polyindole (PIN) and polyindole/kaolinite (PIN/KAO) composite were synthesized by free radical polymerization using FeCl₃ as an initiator. Average particle sizes (d₅₀) of PIN and PIN/KAO composite were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) as 7.2 and 6.2 μm, respectively. The samples were characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, DSC/TGA and SEM measurements. Suspensions of KAO, PIN, and PIN/KAO composite were prepared in silicone oil (SO) and the sedimentation stabilities were determined. Electrorheological (ER) properties of these suspensions were studied as a function of dispersed phase concentration, shear rate, shear stress, and temperature; and yield stresses and excess shear stresses determined. Further, dielectric properties of KAO, PIN, and PIN/KAO composite were investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

影响水库中酸碱度变化因素的研究

通过监测数据分析,辽阳市境内所属两座水库在2006年均出现了pH值大于8.50的现象,经过实验及现场调查,发现其主要原因是水库两岸的有机质及腐殖质的分化对水库中水质中酸碱度产生了影响。