大数据时代下的计算机信息处理技术分析

大数据时代，计算机信息处理技术也面临新的挑战,要求计算机信息处理技术必须不断更新发展,以能够对当前的计算机信息处理需求满足。本文介绍了大数据及计算机信息处理技术和信息特征，明确计算机信息处理的主要技术及应用，并提出计算机信息处理技术面临的困境及措施，为计算机信息处理技术的发展前景，发挥计算机信息处理技术效能，保障数据安全，提高处理时效，深挖数据价值，推动社会有序发展。     

水体中微塑料种类、来源、影响与处理方法

微塑料是一种新型的环境污染物，进入生态系统中的循环，最终进入各种动物甚至人体内，对人类及生态系统存在潜在威胁。文章对水环境中微塑料的种类、来源进行简要概述，并且，说明了微塑料对水环境的影响，及去除水环境中微塑料的主要处理设施和方法，包括物理处理法、化学处理法和生物处理法等方法，分析了每种处理方法的特点、使用范围及适用情况。其中，膜技术、光催化技术及微生物处理技术是目前的研究热点，但是，大部分处理技术仍处于理论研究阶段，并且，对微塑料分解产物的研究较少。应重点研究分解产物及微塑料去除技术实际应用。     

反渗透膜分离时被处理水的前处理方法

技术范围 本发明是关于海水及其他被处理水用反渗透膜过滤时，被处理水的前处理方法。 技术背景 海水及其他被处理水用反渗透膜过滤时，一般是在其前面设置微滤膜或超滤膜。但是如果将被处理水无处理直接通水到微滤膜或超滤膜，而溶解在被处理水中的可能形成垢的钙及镁等、悬浮物、     

聚酯纤维的表面改性与染色

论述了聚酯纤维表面处理方法，将碱减量处理和等离子体处理及紫外线处理的效果进行了比较，认为等离子体和紫外线处理是有希望取代碱减量处理的方法。选择性较强及光敏剂的应用使紫外线处理成为一种有工业化前途的方法。     

垃圾渗滤液物化法处理技术现状及进展

综述了垃圾渗滤液的物理化学处理技术的研究进展。在阐述垃圾渗滤液的来源及危害的基础上，介绍了吸附、混凝、化学沉淀、高级氧化及膜过滤等最具代表性的物化法处理技术的处理效果及其机制，同时总结了各处理技术的优缺点及目前研究的热点，提出多种技术协同处理及资源化利用是垃圾渗滤液处理的未来研究方向。     

含酸废水资源化处理技术与应用实践

含酸废水是冶金行业生产中的主要污染物，排入市政污水管网将严重影响城市污水处理厂的正常运行，排入外环境将使水体水质恶化，应从清洁生产的角度考虑处理及综合利用，宝钢集团上海二钢有限公司，在生产过程中产生的废水主要由酸洗，检化验含酸废水及高浓度的亚铁离子和少量的铜离子组成，本着保证处理效果，最大限度地考虑投资效益和处理成本以及清洁生产的原则，对该公司含酸废水进行了处理及回用工程设计，采用了技术先进，工艺可靠及经济合理的处理方法，实际运行结果完全达到了有关技术经济指标。     

精细化工行业污水的物化法处理技术(一)

精细化工行业产品涉及众多领域，其生产工艺复杂，批量小且灵活多变。由于其生产工艺的特殊性，单位产品的污水排放量较大，环境污染严重。精细化工行业的基本原料多为芳香族或杂环化合物，同时消耗相当数量的无机酸碱及盐类，在原料前处理、生产过程、产品后整理中都产生含有一定量无机盐的有机废水。通常无机盐含量在5％～10％，该含量对废水的生化处理产生严重的抑制作用，因此物理化学方法处理成为首选方法。本文介绍了多功能混凝剂处理、电凝聚法处理、铁屑微电解处理、电化学法处理、沉淀-气浮法处理、吸附法处理、膜分离法处理、化学处理及离子对萃取处理等几种物化处理废水法。     

生物降解聚酯/秸秆纤维全生物降解复合材料研究进展

介绍了玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆及小麦秸秆的利用现状，阐述了秸秆纤维的表面处理方法（物理处理法、化学处理法及其他处理法），综述了生物降解聚酯/秸秆纤维全生物降解复合材料的主要品种及性能，最后对生物降解聚酯/秸秆纤维全生物降解复合材料未来的研究及开发方向进行了展望。     

炼化企业污水场“三泥”处理技术研究

炼化企业污水处理过程中会产生大量的“三泥”，三泥成分复杂，有机物含量高，有恶臭味及毒性的物质，严重污染环境而且处理难度大，其处理问题一直困扰着石化企业及环保工作者。本文综述了国内外“三泥”处理技术现状，并指出了“三泥”资源化处理的应用前景。     

粉煤灰处理废水的理论和实践

阐述了粉煤灰的主要化学成份及处理废水的机理，介绍了粉煤灰处理废水的研究与应用情况，指出应用煤灰处理废水注意的问题及今后的研究重点。     

Design and performance evaluation of plasma air cleaning systems for removing yellow sand dust

Yellow sand dust (Asian dust storms) causes harmful damage indoors and outdoors during the springtime, and the removal of Yellow sand dust has become an issue for suitable indoor conditions. An air cleaner is required to remove Yellow sand dust efficiently to improve indoor air quality, and the removal characteristics of Yellow sand dust should be studied. The size distribution and mass concentration of Yellow sand dust observed in China and Korea are analyzed, and the removal efficiency of a plasma air cleaning system based on the principle of electrostatic precipitation is evaluated by using Yellow sand dust. Mass median diameter of Yellow sand dust sampled in Beijing and Seoul ranges from 7.0 to 8.0 μm with a mass concentration of 300-1,462 μg/m³. For a single-pass test, the efficiency of dust removal increases with increasing particle size and decreasing flow rate. The removal efficiency of Yellow sand dust in a plasma air cleaning system at a face velocity of 1.0 m/s is higher than 80%. For a multi-pass test in occupied spaces, the operation time required to reduce Yellow sand dust concentration from an initial concentration of 300 μg/m³ to 150 μg/m³ is 10 minutes for a test room of 27 m³.     

Powdered granite is not an effective fertilizer for clover and wheat in sandy soils from Western Australia

Granite (silicate) rock dust, a by-product of quarry operations, is being advocated and used as a fertilizer in the wheatbelt of south-western Australia (WA). The dust is insoluble and based on its nutrient element content (1.9% K and 0.3%P and negligible N) it is not expected to be a useful fertilizer. Previous laboratory studies and glasshouse experiments in WA suggest the dust is a slow release K fertilizer. This paper extends the previous studies to consider the dust as an NP or K fertilizer in the year of application in a field experiment on a soil deficient in N, P and K. In addition, the effectiveness of the dust as a K fertilizer was compared with the effectiveness of KCl (muriate of potash), the K fertilizer used in WA at present, in glasshouse experiments using K deficient soils. In the field experiment, compared with NP fertilizer or NPK fertilizer (urea, supplying N; superphosphate, providing P, S, Ca, Cu, Zn and Mo; KCl providing K), the dust had no effect on grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum); in fact dust applied at 20 t ha^-1, for unknown reasons, reduced yields by about 65% compared to the nil (no fertilizer, no dust) treatment. Relative to the nil treatment, applying NPK fertilizer increased yields about threefold, from 0.54 to 1.79 t ha. The glasshouse experiments showed that, relative to KCl, the dust was from about 0.02 to 14% as effective in K deficient grey sandy soils for producing dried tops of 30-day old wheat plants or 42-day old clover (Trifolium subterraneum) plants. In soils with adequate K (yellow sands, sandy loams or clays, loamy clays, clay loams and clays), neither KCl nor the dust affected yields of 30 to 42-day old wheat or clover plants grown in the glasshouse. In the glasshouse experiments, no yield depressions were measured for the dust applied up to 17 g dust per kg soil (equivalent to 17 t dust ha^-1 mixed into the top 10 cm of soil in the field). It is concluded that the dust has no value as a fertilizer.     

A dust trapping system for rotary magnesite kilns

Conclusions By reducing the gas velocity to 0.5–0.7 m/sec and thus increasing the time spent by the gas in the electrostatic precipitator to 14–20 sec, despite the formation of intense reverse corona we can obtain 99% purification of gas in the electrostatic precipitator, given optimum agitation of the precipitation electrodes and optimum electric supply, and provided that the kiln is firing a mixture containing not more than 50% caustic dust.Changing the kiln to firing of only dust trapped in the gas purification apparatus reduces the degree of purification in the electrostatic precipitator to 97–98%.By using rational electrode agitation we can reduce the dust entrainment by a factor of 3.4 in comparison with the existing operational conditions.If the electrostatic precipitator is supplied from an AUF-400 unit, the optimum type of voltage regulation is extremal. Units of the ATF type should be used at about 100 sparks per minute.With these regimes of operation of the kiln and the rational regime of operation of the electrostatic precipitators, the total degree of purification of the gas in the dust trapping system is 99.5–99.9%.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 23–28, July, 1980.     

Generation of Submicron Arizona Test Dust Aerosol: Chemical and Hygroscopic Properties

This article describes a submicron dust aerosol generation system based on a commercially available dust disperser intended for use in laboratory studies of heterogeneous gas–aerosol interactions. Mineral dust particles are resuspended from Arizona Test Dust (ATD) powder as a case study. The system output in terms of number and surface area is adjustable and stable enough for aerosol flow reactor studies. Particles produced are in the 30–1000 nm size range with a lognormal shape of the number size distribution. The particles are characterized with respect to morphology, electrical properties, hygroscopic properties, and chemical composition. Submicron particle elemental composition is found to be similar for the particle surface and bulk as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), respectively. A significant difference in chemical composition is found between the submicron aerosol and the ATD bulk powder from which it was generated. The anionic composition of the water-soluble fraction of this dust sample is dominated by sulfate. Resuspended dust particles show, as expected, nonhygroscopic behavior in a humid environment. Small hygroscopic growth of about 1% (relative change in mobility diameter) was observed for 100 nm particles when the relative humidity (RH) was changed from 12 to 94%. Particles larger than 100–200 nm shrank about 1% once exposed to RH > 90%. This was interpreted as a restructuring of the larger agglomerates of dust to particles of smaller mobility diameter, under the influence of water vapor.     

塑料厂除尘系统的设计分析

除尘系统是捕集、输送、净化含尘气体直至干净气体排放的整个系统,它由集气吸尘罩、除尘管路、除尘设备、除尘风机等组成。提出了除尘系统的设计原则和计算方法,为正确选择、合理配置除尘系统提供了设计依据     

脱硫废水处理过程对石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统的影响

针对利用烟道气处理脱硫废水的方法,通过废水系统投运前、后石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫装置除尘效率,以及吸收塔浆液、废水箱废水、除尘器灰斗中灰样的Cl-、总汞、总铬、总砷浓度的对比,分析了烟道气处理脱硫废水过程对除尘效率的影响;确定了废水处理过程中Cl-和重金属的迁徙路径。试验结果表明,烟道气处理脱硫废水工艺可提高除尘效率;脱硫废水中大部分Cl-、Cr、As迁移到了灰斗的烟尘中。该脱硫废水处理系统所需要的设备少,工艺简单,占地面积小,处理效果好,解决了脱硫系统废水难以处理的问题。     

橡胶厂除尘系统的配置与计算

除尘系统是捕集、输送、净化含尘气体直至干净气体排放的整个系统，它由集气吸尘罩、除尘管路、除尘设备、除尘风机等组成。提出了除尘系统的设计原则和计算方法，为正确选择、合理配置除尘系统提供了设计依据。     

Studying PGDS electric filters for removing high-ohmic magnesite dust

Conclusions Double-staged dust-extraction equipment based on NIIOGAZ cyclones of the type TsN-24 and electric filters PGDS-73-3 situated behind a rotary furnace (diameter 3.6 and length 90 m) for firing magnesite facilitated operations without a break in the health-safety norms for dust extraction.The optimum gas velocity in the cyclones in which their efficiency was about 90% is 7 m/sec. In this case there was no wear of the active part of the cyclones.The efficiency of the electric filter largely depends on the dust load on entry. With a reduction in the input dust concentration from 25.3 to 9.5 g/Nm³ the residual dust concentration is respectively reduced from 0.240 to 0.143 g/Nm³ with a water concentration in the raw material fed into the furnace of 1.2%.An increase in the moisture content of the raw materials to 2.5% causes a reduction in the resistivity of the dust from 10¹³ to 7·10¹¹ ·cm, and there is partial suppression of the back corona in the electric filter, as a result of which the residual dust concentration diminishes to 0.062 g/Nm³ which is less by a factor of 2 or more than the health-safety norms.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 18–25, July, 1970.     

Physical,chemical and electrical analysis of dust generated from cement plants for dust removal with an electrostatic precipitator

The physical, chemical and electrical characteristics of cement dust generated from a cement plant have been investigated by using a dust analyzer and a high voltage conductivity cell based on JIS B 9915. Major constituents of raw material cement dust generated from the first grinding process are CaO (41.77%), SiO₂ (11.72%), Al₂O₃ (3.45%), and Fe₂O₃ (1.47%), while the cement clinker dust generated from the second grinding process consists of mainly CaO (48.09-65.50%), SiO₂ (14.02-21.56%), Al₂O₃ (2.86-3.76%), and Fe₂O₃ (1.77-2.66%). Size distribution of the raw material cement dust is bi-modal in shape and the mass median diameter (MMD) is 3.68 μm, whereas the cement clinker dust also displays bi-modal distribution and the MMD of the cement clinker dust is in the range of 7.89-58.78 μm. The resistivity of raw material cement dust is so high as 10¹⁴ ohm·cm at 300 °C, that cement dust would not precipitate well by the electrostatic precipitator.     

气固错流移动颗粒床过滤器除尘效率

研究了气固错流移动颗粒床过滤器除尘效率与表观过滤气速、颗粒层移动速度、过滤气体粉尘含量的关系,并进一步探讨了粉尘在颗粒层内的沉积对除尘效果的影响.结果表明,颗粒层内粉尘沉积量较低时,沉积的粉尘有效地促进了颗粒层除尘效率的提高,但随粉尘沉积量增大,沉积粉尘的二次飞扬变得严重,其促进效应逐渐减小.在考虑了沉积粉尘对除尘效率影响和颗粒层内粉尘沉积不均匀性的基础上,基于捕集单元的收缩管模型,建立了计算移动颗粒层除尘效率和床层内粉尘沉积分布的数学模型.模型计算结果和实验数据比较表明,在操作气速0.1～0.3m•s^-1范围内,计算值与实验结果吻合较好.据此对除尘效率和床层内粉尘沉积的变化趋势进行了模拟分析.