基于显著性和区域比较的自动物体提取算法

面对互联网时代海量的图像数据,如何自动地提取物体成为一个热点问题,为此提出一种结合超像素、显著性和区域比较的自动目标提取算法。算法首先对图像进行超像素分割,得到若干子区域;其次采用显著性检测确定出目标的初始区域;最后在子区域和初始区域的基础上,结合空间信息和颜色特征,利用区域比较法分割出最终的目标物体。对比实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地提取出目标,具有一定的鲁棒性。     

一种融合颜色和空间信息的彩色图像分割算法

提出了一种基于图像颜色和空间信息的彩色图像分割算法.该算法首先根据所提出的颜色粗糙度概念对图像进行颜色量化,并在此基础上使用增量式的区域生长算法发现颜色相近的像素之间的空间连通性,形成图像的初始分割区域.然后,根据融合了颜色和空间信息的区域距离,对初始分割区域进行分级合并,直到系统满足了所提出的停止区域合并的准则.最后,利用形态学的有关算法对分割区域的边缘进行平滑.实验证明,算法的分割结果与人的主观视觉感知具有良好的一致性.     

光突发包在高生存性弹性分组环上的传输实现

提出了一种基于图像颜色和空间信息的彩色图像分割算法。该算法首先根据所提出的颜色粗糙度概念对图像进行颜色量化,并在此基础上使用增量式的区域生长算法发现颜色相近的像素之间的空间连通,形成图像的初始分割区域。然后,根据融合了颜色和空间信息的区域距离,对初始分割区域进行分级合并,直到系统满足了所提出的停止区域合并的准则。最后,利用形态学的有关算法对分割区域的边缘进行平滑。实验证明,算法的分割结果与人的主观视觉感知具有良好的一致性。     

一种融合颜色和空间信息的区域生长算法

该文提出了一种基于图像颜色和局部空间信息的种子区域生长算法,并用于彩色图像分割。该算法首先根据相对欧式距离使用均值聚类算法对图像进行颜色量化,形成图像的初始分割结果,然后通过计算局部颜色散度,进行分级区域合并,最后,利用形态学相关算法对分割区域的边缘进行平滑。实验表明,该算法能得到与人类视觉判断相一致的有意义区域的分割。     

融合HSV空间与形态学的救生衣图像分割

针对轮船渡口拍摄图像背景复杂、噪声大、模糊的特点,提出一种融合HSV颜色空间信息和数学形态学处理的图像分割方法,并进行背景差分提取前景,消除错误的背景分割。首先提取目标物体的HSV颜色特征值,然后利用得到的特征值标记ROI区域,对该含有标记信息的二值图像进行数学形态学处理得到连通区域图,通过连通区域外轮廓找出最外矩形边界,最后利用背景差分消除背景干扰。将该方法应用于轮渡安全中救生衣的检测,实验结果表明,能快速有效地实现救生衣图像分割,并对分割区域进行计数。     

基于模板匹配的多目标精确粘连分割算法

在提取多运动目标的基础上,利用目标运动的时空连续性,提出一种基于模板匹配的多目标精确分割算法。该算法首先利用混合高斯模型提取视频中的运动目标,然后利用模板匹配算法初步识别出每一个目标的区域,最后利用扩张算法扩充目标的完整边界区域。实验结果表明,与传统的静态粘连分割算法比较,所提出的算法不但能分割同一颜色的多目标视频,而且分割效果更准确更高效。     

综合颜色和纹理特征的图像检索

提出一种综合颜色和纹理特征的图像检索算法.使用圆环法分割图像所提取的颜色特征,不仅包含了图像的空间信息,突出了用户的感兴趣区域,而且消除了固定分块法对图像旋转比较敏感的缺点.采用改进的共生矩阵算法提取纹理特征.最后对颜色和纹理特征进行综合.实验结果表明,提出的综合算法具有更高的查准率.     

电视图象中目标检索方法

本文给出一种有效的图象目标检索方法。该方法由颜色分割和定位算法组成。颜色分割中利用样本学习和非样本交互操作，提取目标的特征颜色，并以此建立颜色索引表，以提高颜色分割速度。这位算法中利用映射技术与区域相结合的操作确定目标的大小和位置。实验结果表明，本检索算法具有正确检测和定位目标的能力。     

卫星视频中的单目标分割和跟踪

对于卫星视频图像中存在的目标与背景对比性低、缺乏目标特征信息等问题,提出一种结合目标运动信息、时空背景和外观模型的目标分割和跟踪方法.根据首帧定位得到目标区域,首先对目标使用方向梯度直方图方法提取特征利用核相关滤波器得到目标跟踪区域1;接着利用颜色空间特征建立目标与其周围区域上下文信息的空间模型得到目标跟踪区域2;然后利用视觉背景提取算法以像素为单位在目标区域上检测运动目标得到单目标的分割区域3;最后分别对3个区域进行相关计算得到最优区域作为最终目标跟踪位置和模板更新样本.实验结果表明,本文算法与KCF算法相比,跟踪的成功率和准确率有很大的提高,同时实现了单目标分割.     

基于有意义区域的颜色检索算法

颜色直方图方法是基于内容的图像检索系统中最常用的一种技术,然而,经典的颜色直方图方法存在诸多缺陷,例如不能表示图像中颜色的空间分布信息。为此, 提出了一种基于有意义区域的颜色检索算法,即首先计算图像的颜色聚合度,据此确定图像分割方法,对聚合度较高的图像利用区域生长方法进行分割,对聚合度较低的图像进行简单的分块,提取各区域的颜色特征并动态加权求和进行检索。该方法不仅保持了经典直方图简单方便的特点,而且有效地将空间信息集成到直方图中。在CBIR原型系统（DMIR）上的实验表明,该算法明显优于经典颜色直方图。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.