优势关系下直觉模糊目标信息系统的上近似约简

传统的粗糙集理论对决策属性值为直觉模糊数的直觉模糊目标信息系统不能直接属性约简.文中在直觉模糊目标信息系统中引入优势关系,基于优势关系定义条件属性集的上近似决策协调集,给出上近似约简的判定定理,建立该信息系统条件属性集的上近似约简模型,并给出上近似约简的算法步骤.在决策属性值为直觉模糊数的一些目标信息系统中,利用条件属性集的上近似约简,可得到更为简洁的决策规则.最后给出一个实例验证算法的有效性.     

基于优势-直觉模糊粗糙模型的IT项目绩效审计评价规则获取

针对我国政府审计机关对政府投资的IT项目进行绩效审计评价规则知识获取的困难,考虑了条件属性取值为优势精确值、分类结果为直觉模糊值的决策系统规则获取问题.首先比较条件属性值的大小,构建对象的优势邻域,再由对象邻域的直觉模糊值确定对象的上下近似;根据对象的上下近似和不同对象的直觉模糊值确定对象间的区分关系,利用分辨矩阵给出知识约简和规则提取算法;最后将直觉模糊粗糙模型应用于政府IT项目绩效审计评价规则的获取,得到了较为合理的IT项目绩效评价规则.     

基于优势-直觉模糊粗糙模型的IT项目绩效审计评价规则获取

针对我国政府审计机关对政府投资的I`I}项目进行绩效审计评价规则知识获取的困难,考虑了条件属性取值 为优势精确值、分类结果为直觉模糊值的决策系统规则获取问题。首先比较条件属性值的大小,构建对象的优势部 域,再由对象邻域的直觉模糊值确定对象的上下近似;根据对象的上下近似和不同对象的直觉模糊值确定对象间的区 分关系,利用分辫矩阵给出知识约简和规则提取算法;最后将直觉模糊粗糙模型应用于政府I"I'项目绩效审计评价规 则的获取,得到了较为合理的IT项目绩效评价规则。     

直觉模糊关联规则挖掘及算法研究

针对关联规则挖掘中连续属性离散化时的"尖锐边界"问题,提出了一种用直觉模糊集合理论来改进关联规则挖掘的方法,定义了直觉模糊非支持度和非置信度的概念,阐述了"支持度-非支持度-置信度-非置信度"的关联规则挖掘度量机制.描述了直觉模糊关联规则挖掘的基本原理和算法,并给出了算法的基本步骤,最后用实例验证了此算法的有效性.     

一种改进的直觉模糊信息系统的决策规则及其约简

直觉模糊集是基于模糊概念研究而建立的,表达模糊度更为细腻,处理不精确信息更为准确。论文是以直觉模糊信息系统为研究对象,以直觉模糊集为工具,给出了一种改进的直觉模糊信息系统的决策规则及约简方法。论文首先给出直觉模糊信息系统的预备知识,然后构造了一种改进的直觉模糊集并研究其性质及规则提取,最后通过实例验证该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于直觉模糊推理的多属性群决策方法研究*

针对属性取值以直觉模糊数形式给出的多属性决策问题,提出了基于直觉模糊推理的多属性群决策方法。首先针对专家的评价信息构建直觉决策推理规则,然后根据规则之间的关系给出了决策推理模型,进而给出了基于直觉模糊推理的决策方法;最后通过购房实例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

直觉模糊近似推理中的可信度传播

针对直觉模糊近似推理中的可信度传播,提出计算结论可信度的相关算法。首先介绍了可信度因子的概念,分析了规则中的可信度因子传播对结论可信度的影响。然后针对直觉模糊近似推理的三种基本模式（取式、拒式、假言式）,给出了计算结论可信度值的相关公式,最后通过实例验证了算法的正确性。     

加权多粒度直觉模糊信息系统的粗糙集模型及其决策*

针对现有多粒度直觉模糊粗糙集决策模型的不足,提出粒度加权的多粒度直觉模糊粗糙集模型.首先研究加权多粒度直觉模糊粗糙集的基本性质,分析加权多粒度直觉模糊粗糙集与乐观多粒度、悲观多粒度直觉模糊粗糙集之间的关系,并给出这几种模型不确定度量之间的关系.然后给出决策规则的置信度和支持度定义以及决策规则的获取方法,弥补目前常用的多粒度直觉模糊粗糙集的不足.最后通过决策实例分析验证文中模型的有效性.     

不协调区间值决策系统的最大分布约简

分布式约简可以保证约简前后决策系统各规则的置信度保持不变,是属性约简的重要方法之一。最大分布式约简保持了约简前后决策系统中可信程度最大的规则不变,提取置信度较大的规则在智能决策中具有广泛的应用价值。本文在相容关系下的不协调区间值决策系统中引入最大置信度的概念,构造最大分布保持不变的可辨识矩阵,并给出基于可辨识矩阵的最大分布约简算法。分析了不协调区间值决策系统的最大分布约简算法与其它约简算法之间的关系。最后,利用UCI标准数据集进行了实验验证,实验结果表明了算法的有效性。     

基于变精度粗糙直觉模糊集的决策规则获取

以直觉模糊目标信息系统为研究对象,以粗糙集和直觉模糊集为工具,以知识发现为目的,给出了从直觉模糊决策表中获取决策规则的一种有效方法。即通过对Pawlak粗糙隶属函数的定义进行推广,给出粗糙直觉模糊隶属函数,利用新的粗糙隶属函数,建立了变精度粗糙直觉模糊集模型。在此模型基础上定义了变精度粗糙直觉模糊集的近似质量和近似约简,由近似约简导出概率决策规则集,从而给出了直觉模糊决策表的概率决策规则获取方法。最后,以实例说明了这一方法的有效性。关键词：     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。