多通道助听器语音降噪算法研究

维纳滤波算法是改善噪声环境下听障患者语音理解度的常用算法之一。针对传统维纳滤波算法噪声谱估计偏差大的问题,提出一种基于改进的多通道维纳滤波算法的助听器语音降噪算法。算法首先结合人耳听觉特性和助听器响度补偿的特点,将语音信号进行Gammatone分解为多路子带信号。然后在每个子带内用基于先验信噪比估计的维纳滤波器进行语音增强处理。最后通过综合子带信号,得到增强的语音。此外,为了改善维纳滤波算法噪声谱估计的问题,提出一种基于包络估计的语音活动检测算法,并用于改善维纳滤波性能。实验结果表明,与传统维纳滤波法相比,该方法能更有效地抑制残留噪声,提高语音可懂度,具有较高的实用价值。     

子空间与维纳滤波相结合的语音增强方法

针对复杂背景噪声下语音增强后带有音乐噪声的问题,提出一种子空间与维纳滤波相结合的语音增强方法。对带噪语音进行KL变换,估计出纯净语音的特征值,再利用子空间域中的信噪比计算公式构成一个维纳滤波器,使该特征值通过这个滤波器,从而得到新的纯净语音特征值,由KL逆变换还原出纯净语音。仿真结果表明,在白噪声和火车噪声的背景下,信噪比都比传统子空间方法有明显提高,并有效抑制了增强后产生的音乐噪声。     

基于小波变换的语音增强算法

结合小波技术对传统的维纳滤波算法进行改进,对语音信号进行离散小波变换,求得小波系数,计算小波系数的阈值,然后利用阈值对小波系数进行过滤,再对小波重构信号,信号经过维纳滤波器模型达到去噪效果。最后对算法进行了仿真试验。     

基于维纳后置滤波的LS波束形成混响抑制算法

混响导致语音信号时间和频率模糊,严重时语音变得难以理解。为了提高语音质量,提出一种具有维纳后置滤波的最小二乘波束形成混响抑制算法。该算法将混响后的语音信号分为直达部分和混响部分,得到维纳后置滤波器增益估计;针对语音信号在低频部分噪声相干性较强的问题,利用最小二乘波束形成算法进行分频处理,最后求解最优权值。仿真实验表明,所提出的算法具有较好的混响抑制特性。     

利用自适应滤波器的组合设计抵消多噪声

针对一个自适应滤波器不能解决多噪声信号的问题,提出了自适应滤波器的组合设计思想。在线性组合条件及LMS算法下,分析多噪声抵消原理,并进行多噪声语音信号的Matlab仿真实验,可以得到清晰的语音信号。结果表明,自适应滤波器的组合设计可以有效抵消多种干扰信号。     

一种改进的双麦克智能语音前端算法

麦克风采集的语音信号常含有噪声和混响,会降低语音信号的清晰度和可懂度,导致语音识别系统识别率降低。对Habets双麦克风噪声和混响消除算法研究发现,算法具有很好的噪声消除性能,但是输出语音的识别率较低。在其基础上提出一种改进算法,通过引入维纳滤波器,对后置OM-LSA算法进行替换。经验证,改进算法的输出失真减小,识别率提升。     

基于小波包与自适应维纳滤波的语音增强算法

语音增强主要用来提高受噪声污染的语音可懂度和语音质量,它的主要应用与在嘈杂环境中提高移动通信质量有关。传统的语音增强方法有谱减法、维纳滤波、小波系数法等。针对复杂噪声环境下传统语音增强算法增强后的语音质量不佳且存在音乐噪声的问题,提出了一种结合小波包变换和自适应维纳滤波的语音增强算法。分析小波包多分辨率在信号频谱划分中的作用,通过小波包对含噪信号作多尺度分解,对不同尺度的小波包系数进行自适应维纳滤波,使用滤波后的小波包系数重构进而获取增强的语音信号。仿真实验结果表明,与传统增强算法相比,该算法在低信噪比的非平稳噪声环境下不仅可以更有效地提高含噪语音的信噪比,而且能较好地保存语音的谱特征,提高了含噪语音的质量。     

基于BEMD与自适应维纳滤波的图像降噪

自适应维纳滤波器是一种经典的线性降噪滤波器,较其他线性滤波器能够更好地解决边界模糊的问题。然而由于含噪图像的噪声主要集中于它的高频部分,而图像的低频部分所含有的噪声较高频部分则小很多。自适应维纳滤波算法对图像中所有频率成份都不加区分地进行滤波降噪处理,因而它不能得到更为令人满意的结果。提出了一种将二维经验模态分解和自适应维纳滤波相结合的图像去噪方法,通过将图像分解为不同频率成份的子图像并对各子图像采用不同的降噪处理,从而更好地对含噪图像进行降噪。实验结果表明,算法相对于自适应维纳滤波算法降噪效果更好。     

基于维纳滤波的超声增强实现方法

超声在传播时,由于受到材质不均匀、材料内部杂质等的影响而使接收信号受到噪声的干扰,这种干扰有时会淹没所检测的裂纹信号,因此必须要经过增强处理。声学增强处理常用的方法是维纳滤波。本文提出维纳滤波用于超声增强的具体实现方法,即首先统计平均无脉冲段的初始噪声功率谱,然后自适应计算带干扰超声段功率谱,最后进行维纳滤波。超声数据在不同信噪比下的维纳滤波实验表明了所提方法的有效性,超声维纳去噪方法与谱减法一样能够降低超声回波中的噪声,且更加有效。     

椭圆滤波器在语音去噪中的应用

语音信号是一种非平稳的信号,人们在语音通讯过程中会受到来自周围环境,和传输介质的影响,产生噪音,影响人们的听觉,因此我们需要对语音信号进行去噪处理。使用数字滤波器可以有效地去除语音信号中的高频和低频噪声,本文主要研究椭圆滤波器在语音去噪中的应用。并用Matlab仿真实现。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。