一种基于图像处理技术的自动报靶系统设计

针对军事射击项目的特点,基于数字图像处理和识别技术,给出了一种自动报靶系统的设计方案和实现算法。该系统通过图像采集、图像处理、弹孔提取和环值判定,可以实现自动报靶和数据管理（统计、记录、分析）等功能。     

自动报靶系统研究综述

介绍了一种基于机器视觉的自动报靶系统,该系统利用CCD摄像机不间断地对靶面进行观测,根据采集的靶面图像的特点和变化,利用计算机图像识别技术检测靶面图像中的真实弹点,然后通过弹点在靶面图中的位置来对弹点区域进行编码。在观测过程中,采用图像灰度配准与增强技术、图像的几何配准技术和小波变换等算法来解决由于光照变化、大风等干扰因素对识别精度的影响。在实际应用中,能够达到较高精度,并能大大减少错报和漏报的情况,该系统精度高、成木低、完全可靠,能够很好地应用于部队训练和射击比赛中有着重要的实际意义和良好的应用前景。     

基于激光靶的野外自动报靶系统设计

该系统以实现野外高精度报靶、打靶成绩远程、实时、直观显示为目的,综合考虑了系统的便携性、安全性,可靠性。采用激光坐标定位的方法,详细介绍了激光坐标定位原理、野外激光自动报靶设备的系统设计,论述了该系统与其他报靶方式相比的优缺点。采用了激光坐标定位的方法,实现了误差2 mm高精度报靶,远距离直观图像显示报靶成绩,支持强大的数据查询等功能,在可靠性、适应性、精确度、价格等方面具有优势。该系统安全可靠,适应性强,轻快便携,有着较好的应用前景。     

LMS自适应滤波器在激波报靶系统中的应用

在野外复杂训练环境下,利用激波原理进行实弹射击的精度坐标报靶,是一项具有相当挑战性的技术.本文采用FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)结合自适应滤波技术,对报靶系统采集的激波信号进行了实时滤波处理.采用VHDL语言编程,利用QUARTUS Ⅱ6.0进行了仿真.实验结果证明,当弹丸穿过靶平面时,数据采集电路采集的激波信号含有大量噪声,基于FPGA的自适应滤波器能很好地滤除了大部分干扰噪声,得到了比较理想的激波数据,提高了报靶系统的报靶精度.     

AVR单片机在无线自动报靶系统中的应用

介绍了Atmel公司生产的AVR单片机Atmega32在野外无线自动报靶系统中的应用。该系统集轻武器射击训练所需的各种功能于一身,包括精确和非精确报靶、射击成绩的自动实时显示、统计和打印,可满足多种武器和多种射击模式的训练需求,解决了实弹射击的报靶问题。     

带有语音系统的运动场打靶报靶系统设计

基于单片机的无线射击自动报靶系统具有报靶精度高、计算速度快、产品体积小、软件可移植、系统升级方便等优点,在降低了成本的同时既提高了射击训练效率,又能避免因报靶人员主观原因造成的误判,还在一定程度上保障了靶场人员的人身安全,能很好地满足运动射击练习中安全高效的要求。     

激光坐标定位法在自动报靶系统中的实现

综述了自动报靶系统实现的一般方法,提出了激光坐标定位法实现自动报靶系统的实现原理.描述了中弹参数检测系统的设计方案,以及介绍了无线通信系统.     

激波传感器T型排列的智能检测报靶系统

针对当前实弹射击中存在的人工检靶繁琐、导电报靶误报率高等问题，研究一种基于激波压力传感器报靶系统。运用LM6171高速运放搭建信号放大及滤波电路，通过LT1671及AD824运放搭建脉冲整形电路，将微弱的激波信号转化成可识别的脉冲信号输入给现场可编程逻辑门阵列（FPGA），由FPGA进行计时，并将计算的时间差数据传递给计算机，计算机软件通过建立的“T”型数学定位模型，采用最小二乘法计算原理，应用MATLAB软件中的Fsovle函数计算出弹着点坐标。测试结果表明，该系统实现了误差范围小于3 mm的精度报靶，满足了当前射击训练要求，在实弹射击中具有推广使用价值。     

激光坐标定位法在自动报靶系统中的实现

综述了自动报靶系统实现的一般方法，提出了激光坐标定位法实现自动报靶系统的实现原理。描述了中弹参数检测系统的设计方案，以及介绍了无线通信系统。     

靶面目标图像识别算法

传统的实弹射击采用人工报靶,存在效率低、安全性差的缺点,而且弄虚作假的现象也时有发生。本文介绍了一种实弹射击自动报靶系统基于阈值分割的图像处理算法,它能够自动处理射击靶面,并实时输出射击环数和位置,从而克服了这些缺点,并能提高射击效率,实现更为快速、精确的报靶。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.