融合共现距离和区分度的短文本相似度计算方法

针对短文本内容简短、特征稀疏等特点,提出一种融合共现距离和区分度的短文本相似度计算方法。一方面,该方法在整个短文本语料库中利用两个共现词之间距离计算它们的共现距离相关度。另一方面通过计算共现区分度来提高距离相关度的准确度,然后对每个文本中词项进行相关性加权,最后通过词项的权重和词项之间的共现距离相关度计算两个文本的相似度。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够提高短文本相似度计算的准确率。     

基于混合策略的中文短文本相似度计算

为提高中文短文本相似度计算的准确率,提出一种新的基于混合策略的中文短文本相似度计算方法。首先,根据词语的语义距离,利用层次聚类,构建短文本聚类二叉树,改进传统的向量空间模型（VSM）,计算关键词加权的文本相似度。然后,通过提取句子的主干成分对传统的基于语法语义模型的方法进行改进,得到文本主干的语义相似度;最后,对两种相似度进行加权,计算最终的文本相似度。实验结果表明,提出的方法在短文本相似度计算方面准确性更高,更加适合人们的主观判断。     

一种基于复杂网络的短文本语义相似度计算

将传统的文本相似度量方法直接移植到短文本时,由于短文本内容简短的特性会导致数据稀疏而造成计算结果出现偏差。该文通过使用复杂网络表征短文本,提出了一种新的短文本相似度量方法。该方法首先对短文本进行预处理,然后对短文本建立复杂网络模型,计算短文本词语的复杂网络特征值,再借助外部工具计算短文本词语之间的语义相似度,然后结合短文本语义相似度定义计算短文本之间的相似度。最后在基准数据集上进行聚类实验,验证本文提出的短文本相似度计算方法在基于F-度量值标准上,优于传统的TF-IDF方法和另一种基于词项语义相似度的计算方法。     

融合词性位置特征的多任务汉老双语短文本相似度计算方法

老挝语属于低资源语言,在有限的语料中获取更多的语义信息可以有效解决汉语和老挝语短文本相似度计算不准确的问题。多任务学习是有效获取语义信息的一种方法,该文对汉语和老挝语短文本特点进行研究后,提出一种融合词性位置特征的多任务汉老双语短文本相似度计算方法：首先,通过词性位置特征权重和TF-IDF权重加权表征双语短文本的同时,使用改进后的TextRank算法获取双语短文本的核心句;然后,通过带有自注意力机制的双向长短时记忆网络分别计算双语短文本的相似度与双语短文本对应核心句的相似度;最后,使用多任务学习方法,将双语短文本的核心句相似度计算作为辅助任务,获取更多的语义信息进行共享以提升汉老双语短文本相似度计算模型的性能。实验结果表明,该文提出的方法在有限的训练语料下取得了更好的效果,F₁值达76.16%。     

神经网络与组合语义在文本相似度中的应用

为了更好地提高短文本语义相似度分析能力,提出了基于神经网络和组合语义的短文本语义相似度分析算法。利用神经网络构建词义表示模型,结合局部和全局上下文信息学习词语在实际语境下的表示;通过句法分析,得到文本的依存关系,并依此构建组合关系树,使用组合语义模型得到整个文本的语义表示;通过计算两个语义表示结果之间的相似性来计算文本的语义相似度。实验分析结果表明,该方法能够在一定程度上提高文本语义分析能力。     

一种实体描述短文本相似度计算方法

中文实体描述短文本具有词语稀疏、语义离散、用词随意等特点。本文分析《知网》义原网络和词语相似度的关系,提出了短文本间语义相似度部分和短文本分类部分相结合的实体描述短文本间相似度计算方法。语义相似度部分分析《知网》义原网络和词语间相似度的关系,在计算词语间相似度和短文本间相似度的过程中弱化了浅层《知网》义原影响并均衡了义原权重,使义原相似度计算结果更加合理。短文本分类部分将短文本分解为义原向量,根据特定领域短文本的义原分布情况进行短文本分类。两部分结合得到实体描述短文本间相似度。本文方法的有效性在百度知识图谱数据分析竞赛任务1的测试结果中得到了证明。     

基于语义与最大匹配度的短文本分类研究

为了解决基于VSM方法在进行短文本分类时存在的严重数据稀疏问题,提出了基于语义与最大匹配度的短文本分类方法.以《知网》为知识源,设计了基于义原距离、义原深度与区域密度的义原相似度计算方法,实现基于词类的词语相似度计算;提出了基于语义与最大匹配度的方法计算短文本相似度,应用KNN算法进行短文本分类.实验结果表明,该方法与基于语义、基于AD_NB等方法相比,正确率、召回率和F值均得到了明显的提高.     

结合语义改进的K-means短文本聚类算法

针对短文本聚类存在的三个主要挑战,特征关键词的稀疏性、高维空间处理的复杂性和簇的可理解性,提出了一种结合语义改进的K-means短文本聚类算法。该算法通过词语集合表示短文本,缓解了短文本特征关键词的稀疏性问题;通过挖掘短文本集的最大频繁词集获取初始聚类中心,有效克服了K-means聚类算法对初始聚类中心敏感的缺点,解决了簇的理解性问题;通过结合TF-IDF值的语义相似度计算文档之间的相似度,避免了高维空间的运算。实验结果表明,从语义角度出发实现的短文本聚类算法优于传统的短文本聚类算法。     

一种基于语义与句法结构的短文本相似度计算方法

为了提高短文本语义相似度计算的准确率,提出一种新的计算方法:将文本分割为句子单元,对句子进行句法依存分析,句子之间相似度计算建立在词语间相似度计算的基础上,在计算词语语义相似度时考虑词语的新特征——情感特征,并提出一种综合方法对词语进行词义消歧,综合词的词性与词语所处的语境,再依据Hownet语义词典计算词语语义相似度;将句子中词语之间的语义相似度根据句子结构加权平均得到句子的语义相似度,最后通过一种新的方法——二元集合法——计算短文本的语义相似度。词语相似度与短文本相似度的准确率分别达到了87.63%和93.77%。实验结果表明,本文方法确实提高了短文本语义相似度的准确率。     

基于本体的语义相似度和相关度计算研究综述

语义相似度和相关度计算广泛应用于自然语言处理中,已有大量语义相似度和相关度算法被提出。分析总结了树和图结构中影响概念相似度或相关度的因素,综述了基于本体的英文语义相似度和相关度计算方法,明确了语义相似度和相关度的区别与联系,系统地对算法进行了分类,最后对每类算法进行了详细的比较。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。