编码与同义词替换结合的可逆文本水印算法

从通信编码的角度,该文探讨一种利用编码方法和同义词替换相结合的可逆文本篡改检测水印算法。以可替换同义词为标志对文本进行分组,提取分组文本特征生成认证水印信息;利用霍夫曼编码和纠错编码对同义词库各词进行编码,利用同义词替换技术完成水印的嵌入。在接收端,利用分组文本特征和霍夫曼编码,实现水印文本的篡改定位,利用纠错码实现可替换同义词的还原恢复。仿真实验表明,算法嵌入的水印具有良好的不可见性和较强的鲁棒性,在实现对文本篡改定位的同时,较好地实现了可替换同义词无损还原。     

基于汉明码的文本可逆数字水印研究

提出了一种新颖的文本可逆数字水印算法。对载体文本进行预处理,将原始可替换同义词的编码值分组作为信息位进行汉明编码,将获得的监督码元比特流利用矩阵编码的方式通过插入空格嵌入到文本中。水印信息则分组利用同义词修改位置编码的方式选定同义词进行替换来实现嵌入。在提取时利用汉明码的译码原理与可替换同义词分组位置编码规则,提取出水印信息并对原始文本进行无损恢复,即实现了文本可逆数字水印。该算法不仅能有效恢复出原始文本,且具有良好的隐蔽性,增强了水印方案的实际应用能力。     

可逆文本水印算法研究

提出一种可逆文本水印算法.该算法对文本特征进行分析,以确定待嵌入文本句子集,根据文本句子的奇偶性,利用同义词替换评价模型将水印不可感知地嵌入到原始文本中,通过调整算法参数,满足不同的鲁棒性和不可见性需求.仿真实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的不可见性,并能在提取水印后无损地恢复原始文本载体数据.     

基于Hopfield神经网络的文本认证与同义词替换的可恢复水印算法

针对水印文本的篡改检测和恢复问题,利用Hopfield网络的联想记忆功能,提出一种Hopfield神经网络与同义词替换技术相结合的文本认证与同义词替换的可恢复水印算法.算法首先将文本分为可替换同义词和非替换词语,利用可替换同义词在其同义词库中的位置及汉字笔画和结构特征,分别提取文本可替换同义词的特征信息和非替换词语的特征信息.然后通过同义词替换实现水印嵌入,并将水印信息和非替换词语的特征信息输入Hopfield神经网络进行训练,实现篡改检测与可替换同义词的恢复功能.实验仿真表明,该算法具有较好的鲁棒性、篡改检测性和恢复能力,能篡改检测和定位可替换同义词、非替换词语,实现认证功能,且能恢复被替换的同义词,实现恢复功能.     

具有纠错编码特性的指令统计特征水印算法

提出一种具有纠错编码特性的水印算法,将纠错编码的概念与改变指令统计特征方式相结合,通过替换等价指令改变程序指令统计特征,利用特征与水印信息的映射关系嵌入水印信息,提取程序的指令统计特征即可提取水印.运用纠错编码,增强了水印的鲁棒性.通过理论分析和实验证明,新方案对程序性能的影响非常小,并能抵御增加、混淆、反编译等攻击.     

鲁棒可逆文本水印算法

针对法律或军事领域在使用文本文件时必须要求真实性的要求,提出一种鲁棒可逆文本水印算法.根据0/1水印序列和同义词替换评价模型,将水印有选择地嵌入到原始文本中.投票原则的使用提高了水印的鲁棒性并降低了误检率,拥有密钥和其他秘密参数的用户才可以完全恢复原始数据.理论分析和仿真结果表明,采用文中算法嵌入的水印具有较好的不可见性和较强的鲁棒性.     

基于纠错编码的矢量地图可逆水印算法*

针对当前矢量地图可逆水印算法中缺乏水印提取结果纠错方法研究的问题,提出了一种基于纠错编码的矢量地图可逆水印算法。首先采用二值数组表达版权信息并生成其纠错编码,然后将二者合并组成水印数据,最后将水印数据嵌入地图顶点极坐标以增强算法抵抗几何变换的能力。水印提取后,通过纠错编码对水印提取结果进行纠错,达到提升算法稳健性的目的。实验结果证明：该算法具有严格的可逆性、理想的隐蔽性以及较强的稳健性。     

基于文本重要内容的鲁棒水印算法

提出一种基于文本重要内容的鲁棒水印算法, 对文本的特征进行分析, 确定文本的重要内容. 根据水印序列和同义词替换评价模型, 将水印不可感知地嵌入到文本的重要内容中, 提高水印的鲁棒性. 投票原则的使用又进一步提高水印的鲁棒性并降低了误检率. 理论和实验分析表明, 采用文中算法嵌入的水印具有较好的鲁棒性、安全性和不可见性.     

基于BCH纠错码的数字水印算法

提出一种将BCH纠错码用于水印生成的数字水印算法。该算法利用了BCH纠错码的纠错特性增强了水印的鲁棒性;之后对水印的BCH纠错码进行交织,一方面可以利用交织提高纠正突发错误的能力,进一步提高水印的鲁棒性,另一方面可以利用预设的交织参数对水印进行加密。针对编码后数据量增大的问题,采用了可以嵌入较多数据的LSB算法嵌入水印。并利用图像的边缘检测信息选取水印嵌入的位置．既加强了LSB嵌入算法的鲁棒性,又使嵌入的水印不可见性更好。     

基于语义角色标注的文本水印算法

为保护数字文本的知识产权,提出一种利用语义角色嵌入水印信息的文本水印算法。采用Unicode编码和Huffman编码对水印进行预处理形成特定形式的水印信息串,借助自然语言处理技术标注文本中的语义角色,将水印信息映射为语义角色的位置,实现水印的嵌入与提取。算法对文本的格式和内容不做任何修改,具有很强的隐蔽性和鲁棒性,能有效抵抗常见的格式变换和攻击,同时能提供较大的水印容量,与其它文本水印算法相比具有一定的优越性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。