EPON系统中的组播技术

文章首先讨论了在以太网无源光网络(EPON)系统上实现组播的现实意义,然后在对现有的二层组播协议分析与比较的基础上,提出采用IGMP Snooping(英特网组管理协议侦听)在EPON上实现组播,并结合EPON自身的特点,提出了实现方案,最后详细描述了光线路终端(OLT)和光网络单元(ONU)是如何支持IP组播业务的.     

源特定组播的研究

自网络层组播技术出现以来，得到了广泛的关注和深入的研究。但由于传统的任意源组播模型先天不足，商业应用进展缓慢。分析了源特定组播产生的背景，讨论了源特定组播模型的体系结构和特点，比较了PIM—SM协议和PIM—SSM协议的不同。最后对网络层组播的研究现状作了介绍。     

指定源组播原理及实现

针对目前终端设备大多不支持IGMP V3协议的问题,文章分析了指定源组播的原理,讨论了指定源组播与常用的任意源组播的优缺点,并对网络设备实现指定源组播的方法进行了描述.     

IP组播技术原理及广东电信IP组播试验[2]

2.2跨域方式下组播的实现1992年3月第一个组播主干网MBONE（MulticastBONE）采用的是DVMRP，为了能在Internet上实现大范围的组播，必须采用DVMRPTunnel方式将各个开通组播的区域连接起来。但由于DVMRP采用FloodandPrune方式，并且由于该协议基于RIP协议，因此它并不适于大范围的组播应用。现阶段大范围组播是通过跨域组播方式实现的，它以PIM-SM为基础，通过MBGP（MultiprotocolBorderGate鄄wayProtocol，多协议边界网关协议）和MSDP（MulticastSourceDiscoveryProtocol，组播源发现协议）实现。在跨域组播方式下，…     

基于GDOI的特定源组播加密方案

随着Internet技术的快速发展,IP组播技术得到越来越广泛的应用,特定源组播是组播技术发展过程中产生的一种切实可行的组播通信模型.伴随着组播技术的广泛使用,人们对其安全性的重视程度也越来越高.首先对组播和特定源组播的通信模式进行了介绍,其次针对组播安全的组播数据安全、组播密钥管理和组播策略制定3个核心问题进行了讨论...     

依赖源汇聚点的组播协议

域间组播一直是大范围内部署组播时需要考虑的主要因素。依赖源汇聚点组播是一种基于Chord查找协议的简单有效的域间组播方案，方案中接收者的指定路由器（DR）使用Chord协议获得源RP地址，并加入源RP树。依赖源汇聚点的组播方案是一种域同ASM解决方案；能提供很好的容错性和可扩展性；支持主机移动组播，但不会造成三角路由问题。     

有扰信道下基于门限密码的链式组播源认证技术

组播是一种被广泛应用的通信技术.组播源认证是组播安全中的重要问题,特别是在有扰信道中实现组播源认证具有很大的挑战性.该文提出一种基于门限密码的链式组播源认证技术,以解决有扰信道上的组播源认证问题.基于组播源认证的安全需求和Dolev-Yao模型,该文首先给出链式组播源认证的安全假设和安全模型;然后结合Shamir的门限秘密共享技术,设计一种适合于有扰信道的组播源认证协议并进行了安全性分析.对协议的仿真结果表明,该文设计的组播源认证在保证较好的通信性能前提下具有良好的抗丢包能力.     

基于EPON的可控组播技术

以太无源光网络( EPON)作为光纤到户的理想解决方案之一,凭借其带宽优势非常适合承载组播业务.EPON可控组播技术结合EPON的特点,从安全性和可维护性考虑,提出了一套可控组播实现方案,包括组播源管理、用户认证和组播流量控制等内容,以满足组播业务可维、可控的运营管理需要.     

IPTV中的IPv6 PIM-SSM组播通信技术的研究

本文通过分析IPv6PIM-SSM（源特定组播）的工作原理,提出了源特定组播的实现方案,有利于在IPv6的环境下解决IPTV的组播通信问题。     

基于IPv6的QoS控制组播路由机制

设计并实现了一种基于IPv6的QoS(quality of service)控制组播路由机制.基于启发式单播路由协议,修改了PIM-SSM协议与MLD协议,实现了IPv6下启发式源特定组播.为提供QoS控制,扩展了RSVP协议,设计了分层组播流量控制机制,基于博弈分析确定为用户预留的带宽量,优化网络提供方与用户方效用.开发了该机制的原型系统并进行了大量试验,结果表明该机制具有良好的性能,能够提供IPv6下的QoS控制组播路由.     

Multicast delivery using explicit multicast over IPv6 networks

This article presents an alternative scheme, called Xcast6+, which is an extension of explicit multicast (Xcast) for an efficient delivery of multicast datagrams over IPv6 networks. The mechanism incorporates MLDv2 and a new control plane into existing Xcast6 (Xcast for IPv6) and not only does it provide the transparency of traditional multicast schemes to sources and recipients, but it also enhances the routing efficiency in networks. Since intermediate routers do not have to maintain any multicast states, it results in a more efficient and scalable mechanism to deliver traditional multicast datagrams. Furthermore, the seamless integration of Xcast6+ in Mobile IPv6 can support multicast efficiently for mobile nodes over IPv6 networks by avoiding tunnel avalanches and tunnel convergence. Our simulation results show distinct performance improvements of our approach. This approach can reduce network resources in many "medium size groups" multicast, particularly as the number of recipients in a subnet increases (i.e., "subnet-dense groups").     

数字电视管理系统的研究与实现

提出了基于IPv6组播技术与G.1070算法的数字电视管理系统;通过捕捉并分析网络数据包,对ITU-T推荐的G.1070算法进行改进后,得出各收视终端的QoE量化指标;通过分析MLDv2协议的消息类型得出各收视终端的收视率。作为中间件,该系统可以无缝地嵌入到各厂商生产的网络收视终端。     

面向可重构基础网络的部分扇出组播交换阻塞率模型

传统网络采用调度前复制和扇出拷贝方式的多播交换模型不具备大规模可扩展能力。面向可重构基础网络,提出了一种部分扇出多播交换模型,该模型采用2×2布尔单元和布尔群组集线器建立基本交换结构,采用部分扇出拷贝方式和四状态分割编码实现自路由路径选择,进而推导了该模型在单多播混合业务源输入下的单播阻塞率、多播阻塞率和多播扇出率迭代过程。仿真实验表明:该模型在Bernoulli均匀业务源条件下,单播归一化负载强度为0.2时,多播阻塞率在10 10～10 2之间,多播时延总小于百纳秒量级上限,能够为到达业务提供时延上限保障。     

Internet multicast routing and transport control protocols

Multicasting is a mechanism to send data to multiple receivers in an efficient way. We give a comprehensive survey on network and transport layer issues of Internet multicast. We begin with an introduction to the current Internet protocol multicast model-the "host group" model and the current Internet multicast architecture, then discuss in depth the following three research areas: (1) scalable multicast routing; (2) reliable multicast; and (3) multicast flow and congestion control. Our goal is to summarize the state of the art in Internet multicast and to stimulate further research in this area     

Scalable QoS-based IP multicast over label-switching wireless ATMnetworks

A Mobile IP multicast prototype that integrates a label-switching wireless asynchronous transfer mode, the mobile core-based multicast architecture, and an Internet multicast infrastructure is presented. MCOM creates multiple core-based layer 2 multicast trees that are independently established in member networks. They are interconnected via the Internet using layer 3 multicast routing. Gateways on the border of the Internet and wireless ATM networks convert ATM multicast traffic to suitable IP packets as well as converting from IP packets to ATM cells for MCOM. To solve the cell interleaving problem that results, ATM block transfer/immediate transmission capability is reasonably modified. Additionally, class-based block buffer management for ATM multicast connections is built into wireless ATM switches for soft quality of service control. Dynamic group management, multicast channel rerouting, and reliable multicasting are also studied in relation to existing Internet protocols like Mobile IP, Internet group management protocols, and multicast routing protocols     

Adaptive group multicast with time-driven priority

This paper shows how to provide an adaptive real-time group multicast (many-to-many) communication service. Adaptive means that the number of nodes that transmit to the multicast group is continuously changing. In order to meet deterministic quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of a real-time group multicast, some communication resources are reserved. We show (1) how bandwidth is reserved for each multicast group and (2) how an active source can dynamically share the bandwidth allocated to this multicast group with other active group members. Quality-of-service support for a real-time multicast group is based on time-driven priority. In this scheme the time is divided into time frames of fixed duration, and all the time frames are aligned by using a common global time reference, which can be obtained from the Global Positioning System. Bandwidth is allocated to a multicast group as a whole, rather than individually to each user. The allocation is done by reserving time intervals within time frames in a periodic fashion. This type of allocation raises two problems that are studied in this paper: (1) scheduling: how time intervals are reserved to each multicast group and (2) adaptive sharing: how the active (transmitting) participants can dynamically share the time intervals that have been reserved for their multicast group. The proposed approach is based on the embedding of multiple virtual rings, one for each multicast group. By using the virtual rings, it is simple to route messages to all the participants while minimizing the bound on the buffer sizes and queueing delays. The final part of this paper introduces a scalable growth of the multicast group by adding multiple subtrees to the virtual ring     

Dynamic multicast sharing protection algorithm based on fuzzy game in multi-domain optical network

Aiming at the problem of dynamic multicast service protection in multi-domain optical network, this paper proposes a dynamic multicast sharing protection algorithm based on fuzzy game in multi-domain optical network. The algorithm uses the minimum cost spanning tree strategy and fuzzy game theory. First, it virtualizes two planes to calculate the multicast tree and the multicast protection tree respectively. Then, it performs a fuzzy game to form a cooperative alliance to optimize the path composition of each multicast tree. Finally, it generates a pair of optimal multicast work tree and multicast protection tree for dynamic multicast services. The time complexity of the algorithm is O(k3m2n), where n represents the number of nodes in the networks, k represents the number of dynamic multicast requests, and m represents the number of destination nodes for each multicast request. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces significantly the blocking rate of dynamic multicast services, and improves the utilization of optical network resources within a certain number of dynamic multicast request ranges.     

The evolution of multicast: from the MBone to interdomain multicastto Internet2 deployment

Multicast communication-the one-to-many or many-to-many delivery of data-is a hot topic. It is of interest in the research community, among standards groups, and to network service providers. For all the attention multicast has received, there are still issues that have not been completely resolved. One result is that protocols are still evolving, and some standards are not yet finished. From a deployment perspective, the lack of standards has slowed progress, but efforts to deploy multicast as an experimental service are in fact gaining momentum. The question now is how long it will be before multicast becomes a true Internet service. The goal of this article is to describe the past, present, and future of multicast. Starting with the Multicast Backbone (MBone), we describe how the emphasis has been on developing and refining intradomain multicast routing protocols. Starting in the middle to late 1990s, particular emphasis has been placed on developing interdomain multicast routing protocols. We provide a functional overview of the currently deployed solution. The future of multicast may hinge on several research efforts that are working to make the provision of multicast less complex by fundamentally changing the multicast model. We survey these efforts. Finally, attempts are being made to deploy native multicast routing in both Internet2 networks and the commodity Internet. We examine how multicast is being deployed in these networks     

Ad Hoc网络中基于协商机制的QoS多播路由研究

针对移动Ad Hoc网络QoS多播路由中普遍存在的拥塞问题,提出了一种基于协商机制的QoS多播路由协议,节点协商使用以一定QoS约束建立起的多播链路,避免过度使用多播资源引起网络拥塞,从而提高分组投递率和网络吞吐量。通过NS2仿真证明,该协议能够保证不同类型业务在网络中传输的服务质量,提高网络的利用率。     

Interference coordination schemes for cellular network assisted device-to-device multicast

In this paper, a multicast concept for device-to-device （D2D） communication underlaying a cellular infrastruc~tre is investigated. To increase the overall capacity and improve resource utilization, a novel interference coordination scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme includes two steps. First, in order to mitigate the interference from D2D multicast transmission to cellular networks （CNs）, a dynamic power control scheme is proposed that can determine the upper bound of D2D transmitter power based on the location of base station （BS） and areas of adjacent cells from the coverage area of D2D multicast group. Next, an interference limited area control scheme that reduces the interference from CNs to each D2D multicast receiver is proposed. The proposed scheme does not allow the coexistence of cellular user equipments （CUEs） located in the interference limited area to reuse the same resources as the D2D multicast group. From the simulation results, it is confirmed that the proposed schemes improve the performance of the hybrid system compared to the conventional ways.