基于对称核主成分分析的人脸识别

为了提高人脸识别技术的实用性,结合人脸镜像对称性和核主成分分析提出了一种新的人脸识别方法。首先利用小波变换压缩人脸图像数据,获取小波分解的低频分量,再通过镜像变换得到镜像偶对称图像和镜像奇对称图像,然后分别对奇偶对称图像进行核主成分分析提取奇偶特征,并且通过加权因子对奇偶特征进行融合,最后采用最近邻分类器分类。基于ORL人脸数据库的实验结果表明：该算法增大了样本容量,在一定程度上克服了光照、姿态的不利因素,提高了人脸识别率。     

基于复合核函数KPCA的红外人脸识别

研究人脸优化识别问题,提出一种复合核函数KPCA的红外人脸特征提取法.利用最优或者接近最优的复合核函数主元分析KPCA方法对训练样本核映射到高维空间进行特征提取预处理,并结合最近邻法分类器分类进行红外人脸识别.该方法不仅有效的提取了训练样本的非线性信息,而且有效的改进了识别效果.多次实验结果表明了,基于复合核函数KPCA的红外人脸识别率优于传统的核主元分析法(KPCA)和主元分析法(PCA).结果表明,改进方法可减少识别时间,并保证了识别率一直稳定在比较高的水平.     

基于测地距离的KPCA人脸识别

针对人脸检测数据集中的信息均为高维特征向量且人脸识别易受表情变化影响等问题,本文提出一种基于测地距离的KPCA人脸识别方法,该方法利用非线性方法提取主成分。先采用KPCA方法把人脸数据映射到高维空间,进而在高维空间中提取人脸的主成分,其中核函数为多项式核函数;然后引入测地距离替换原来的欧氏距离进行相似度量,其能更准确地测量出两像素点间的实际距离,使得人脸识别率受表情变化影响小。该方法不但可以实现降维,而且还能达到有效提取特征的目的。在ORL人脸库上的实验结果表明,该方法的识别率明显优于PCA、KPCA等方法的识别率。     

基于再生核Hilbert空间PCA的属性约简

传统的核主成分分析方法通过不明确的实值函数把原始数据投影到高维空间进行属性约简,增加了搜索分类超平面的时间,降低了分类准确率。为此,提出一种基于再生核Hilbert空间主成分分析的属性约简方法,把原始数据通过明确的连续值函数投影到高维或无限维的再生核空间再进行属性约简。真实数据集实验结果显示,该方法能有效提高分类准确率并减少运行时间。     

基于模糊隶属度的人脸识别应用*

针对人脸图像特征提取,应用主成分分析和二维主成分分析方法,提出用二维特征求解样本的隶属度,用主成分特征进行支持向量机分类的方法。该方法结合了二维主成分特征在选取少量分量时人脸重构图像稳定的优点和主成分特征重构图像局部特征清晰的优点。为了与二维主成分特征分类结果进行比较,通过引入矩阵内积,给出了针对二维特征的三类核函数。实验表明利用两种特征进行分类的方法在人脸识别中具有较高的精度。     

融合小波变换与KPCA的分块人脸特征抽取与识别算法

鉴于小波多尺度变换对高维图像特征具有良好的压缩和表达能力,提出了一种融合小波变换与KPCA(核主成分分析)方法的分块人脸特征抽取与识别算法。该算法首先对人脸图像进行分块小波变换,再根据图像块的位置分布选取不同的频率分量;然后对此分量进行KPCA特征抽取,并通过对抽取到的特征进行融合来得到最终人脸鉴别特征;最后利用支持向量机分类器进行特征分类与识别。通过对ORL和Yale标准人脸图像库的实验仿真结果表明,该算法不仅在识别性能和分类速度上明显高于传统的PCA方法及融合小波特征的KPCA方法,而且对于人脸光照、姿态和表情变化均具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于LMP和KPCA的人脸识别

提出一种基于拉普拉斯矩阵投影变换和核主成分分析的人脸图像识别方法。对人脸图像做拉普拉斯矩阵变换,通过核主成分分析提取特征,再利用最近邻分类器进行分类。拉普拉斯矩阵变换在保持人脸图像的局部特性的前提下,有效地降低了图像维数。在ORL数据库上的实验表明,进行拉普拉斯矩阵变换后人脸识别精度相差不大,但计算量得到减少。     

基于小波分解和K2DPCA-2DLDA的手背静脉识别

提出了一种基于小波分解和二维主成分分析-二维线性判别式分析(K2DPCA-2DLDA)的手背静脉识别方法,选用db4小波基对原图进行小波分解。对其低频子图进行K2DPCA映射获得低维空间特征,通过对此低维空间特征进行2DLDA变换得到最终特征表达,利用最近邻法则进行了分类。实验结果表明,该方法能提高手背静脉识别率,有效减少识别时间。     

基于核主量和线性鉴别分析的人脸识别算法研究

采用基于非线性核空间的主分量分析法(KPCA)和线性主元空间鉴别分析法(LDA)相结合的算法,首先将人脸图像在非线性高维空间中进行主成分分量降维,然后采用基于主元空间的LDA方法对子空间再度降维,同时利用欧式距离分类器(KNN)对样本进行有效的分类识别.采用Matlab和ORL人脸库对该算法进行验证,实验证明,该算法识别性能显著提高,明显优于其他算法.     

基于核主元分析的支持向量机识别方法研究

主元分析、核主元分析、支持向量机等方法在分类与识别中应用时都各有自己的优点,本文提出一种基于核主元分析的支持向量机识别方法,用该方法分别对ORL人脸库和iris数据集中的数据进行分类与识别,结果表明:如果调整好了核函数的参数,可以得到极高的识别率。     

非线性小波变换在人脸识别中应用

文中提出非线性小波逼近在人脸识别中的应用，并将之与基于线性小波逼近的人脸识别算法进行比较，提出一种基于非线性小波逼近的高效算法，并且用实验证明本算法的具有很高识别率，同时证明本算法具有不会受到人脸姿态特征的影响的优点。     

结合伽马变换和小波变换的PCA人脸识别算法

为了有效地提取人脸特征,提出了一种在传统PCA算法的基础上,结合伽马变换与小波变换的人脸识别算法。该方法对人脸图像进行伽马变换,消除光照等非线性因素的影响;对变换后的人脸图像进行小波分解,用得到的低频分量来替代原始人脸;对得到的人脸低频分量作PCA特征提取,得到最终的鉴别特征。在ORL人脸库上进行测试,该算法的识别率比传统的PCA算法提高了6.5%。     

Human face recognition using fuzzy multilayer perceptron

In this work a novel method for human face recognition that is based on fuzzy neural network has been presented. Here, Gabor wavelet transformation is used for extraction of features from face images as it deals with images in spatial as well as in frequency domain to capture different local orientations and scales efficiently. In face recognition problem multilayer perceptron (MLP) has already been adopted owing to its efficiency, but it does not capture overlapping and nonlinear manifolds of faces which exhibit different variations in illumination, expression, pose, etc. A fuzzy MLP on the other hand performs better than an MLP because fuzzy MLP can identify decision surfaces in case of nonlinear overlapping classes, whereas an MLP is restricted to crisp boundaries only. In the present work, a new approach for fuzzification of the feature sets obtained through Gabor wavelet transforms has been discussed. The feature vectors thus obtained are classified using a newly designed fuzzified MLP. The system has been tested on a composite database (DB-C) consisting of the ORL face database and another face database created for this purpose and a recognition rate of 97.875% with fuzzy MLP against a recognition rate of only 81.25% with MLP whose feature vectors were also obtained through same Gabor wavelet transforms has been obtained.     

基于Log-Gabor和正交等度规映射的人脸识别

针对人脸识别中的特征提取问题,提出一种基于Log-Gabor和正交等度规映射(Orthogonal IsoProjection,OIsop)的人脸识别算法.算法首先采用Log-Gabor小波对图像进行滤波来提取高阶非线性统计信息.然后,在原始的优化问题中增加正交约束条件,推导出能得到一组具有正交性最优映射向量的迭代公式...     

A multi-resolution wavelet neural network approach for fouling resistance forecasting of a plate heat exchanger

A new framework regarding wavelet neural network, termed a multi-resolution wavelet neural network (MRWNN), is composed based on the theory of multi-resolution wavelet analysis and orthogonal multi-scale spaces. The hidden layer of the network is divided into two parts, neurons with the Meyer scaling activation function and the Meyer wavelet activation function which is orthogonal to the scaling function. Neurons with the scaling function approximate the contour of the aimed function for its lentitude, and neurons with the wavelet function approximate the details of the aimed function for its sensitive trend. Hidden neurons are mapped to different resolution spaces by redefining the network frame depending on the multi-resolution wavelet analysis theory. By incorporating the Gradient Descent Algorithm, the network can be optimized with less interaction within hidden neurons, and thus, it will acquire a further error convergence state when all the correspondent parameters are adjusted in different resolution spaces. When applied to fouling forecasting of a plate heat exchanger, the MRWNN achieved better performance than other neural networks (NNs) when applied to simulations, proving that the MRWNN is effective in nonlinear function approximations.     

基于Gabor小波和局部线性嵌入的人脸识别

提出了一种新的人脸识别算法。该算法采用Gabor小波和一种新颖的方式来提取人脸特征,利用局部线性嵌入（Locally Linear Embedding,LLE）算法来实现数据的非线性降维处理,最后训练基于欧式距离的最近邻分类器进行分类判决。在ORL人脸库中与PCA方法、Gabor小波+PCA方法和直接的LLE算法进行了实验比较,实验结果表明,提出的Gabor小波+LLE的方法具有更优的性能。     

基于稀疏表示与小波特征的人脸识别分层框架

基于稀疏表示的人脸识别研究,非线性特征的选择研究较少。提出分层使用人脸图像的小波特征,进行稀疏表示人脸识别框架。框架首先对样本人脸进行小波变换,构造小波低频和小波高频过完备人脸字典;识别阶段首先使用人脸图像的小波低频特征进行稀疏表示,计算类别模糊稀疏,然后根据模糊系数输出类别标签或进行高频特征的稀疏表示与识别。实验结果表明,基于小波特征和稀疏表示的人脸识别分层框架提高了识别的准确率,且对遮挡很鲁棒。     

一种特征脸分析和小波变换相结合的人脸识别方法

摘要：提出一种特征脸分析和小波变换相结合的人脸识别方法(Eigenface wavelet transform)，利用小波变换对人脸图像进行分解，然后对低频分量和中频平均分量分别运用特征脸分析构造“特征子空间”，并做空间投影分别求得两个分量的相似度矩阵，最后使用它们的加权矩阵来判决识别。该方法综合利用了特征脸分析高效、准确的优点和小波变换多分辨率、多尺度的特点，合理使用两次加权增加了结果的可信度，实验表明它既能大量减少计算量，又具有更高的识别率。     

Improved feature reduction in input and feature spaces

In this paper, we present an improved feature reduction method in input and feature spaces for classification using support vector machines (SVMs). In the input space, we select a subset of input features by ranking their contributions to the decision function. In the feature space, features are ranked according to the weighted support vector in each dimension. By applying feature reduction in both input and feature spaces, we develop a fast non-linear SVM without a significant loss in performance. We have tested the proposed method on the detection of face, person, and car. Subsets of features are chosen from pixel values for face detection and from Haar wavelet features for person and car detection. The experimental results show that the proposed feature reduction method works successfully. In fact, our method performs better than the methods of using all the features and the Fisher's features in the detection of person and car. We also gain the advantage of speed.     

Chaotic feature analysis and forecasting of Liujiang River runoff

Because most of runoff time series with limited amount of data reveal inherently nonlinear and stochastic characteristics and tend to show chaotic behavior, strategies based on chaotic analysis are popular methods to analyze them from real systems in nonlinear dynamics. Only one kind of predicted method for yearly rainfall-runoff forecasting cannot achieve perfect performance. Thus, a mixture strategy denoted by WT-PSR-GA-NN, which is composed of wavelet transform (WT), phase space reconstruction (PSR), neural network (NN) and genetic algorithm (GA), is presented in this paper. In the WT-PSR-GA-NN framework, the process to deal with time series gathered from Liujiang River runoff data is given as follows: (1) the runoff time series was first decomposed into low-frequency and high-frequency sub-series by wavelet transformation; (2) the two sub-series were separately and independently reconstructed into phase spaces; (3) the transformed time series in the reconstructed phase spaces were modeled by neural network, which is trained by genetic algorithm to avoid trapping into local minima; (4) the predicted results in low-frequency parts were combined with the ones of high-frequency parts, and reconstructed with wavelet inverse transformation, to form the future behavior of the runoff. Experiments show that WT-PSR-GA-NN is effective and its forecasting results are high in accuracy not only for the short-term yearly hydrological time series but also for the long-term one. The comparison results revealed that the overall forecasting performance of WT-PSR-GA-NN proposed by us is superior to other popularity methods for all the test cases. We can conclude that WT-PSR-GA-NN can not only increase the forecasted accuracy, but also its own competitiveness in efficiency, effectiveness and robustness.