对流换热边界下梯度功能材料板瞬态热传导有限元分析

用有限元法与有限差分法相结合的方法，对处在对流换热边界条件下的梯度功能材料板的瞬态热传导问题进行了分析，并且通过对ZrO2和Ti－6Al-4V组成的梯度功能材料板对本方法的正确性进行了检验，最后给出了对流换热边界下的瞬态温度场分布。数值计算结果表明：材料组成的分布形状系数M、环境介质温度和对流换热系数的变化对梯度功能材料板的瞬态温度场分布有明显的影响。本文结果为梯度功能材料的优化设计和进一步的热应力分析提供了理论计算依据。     

换热边界下变物性梯度功能材料板稳态热应力

用非线性有限元法分析了由ZrO2和Ti-6Al-4V组成的变物性梯度功能材料无限自由长板在对流换热边界下的稳态热应力问题,检验了方法的正确性,给出了该材料板的稳态热应力场分布,并与不考虑变物性时的结果进行了比较.结果表明当M=1.0时,考虑变物性的最大拉应力比不考虑变物性减小70.5%,最大压应力减小62.5%;此外,材料组分的分布形状系数M、环境介质温度、对流换热系数和孔隙度P的变化对变物性梯度功能材料板的稳态热应力场分布均有明显的影响;在本研究相同条件下,当孔隙度系数A=3.99时,陶瓷侧拉应力最大.此结果为梯度功能材料的设计制备提供了准确的理论计算依据.     

对流换热边界下梯度功能材料板瞬态热传导有限元分析

用有限元法与有限差分法相结合的方法 ,对处在对流换热边界条件下的梯度功能材料板的瞬态热传导问题进行了分析 ,并且通过由ZrO2 和Ti 6A1 4V组成的梯度功能材料板对本方法的正确性进行了检验 ,最后给出了对流换热边界下的瞬态温度场分布。数值计算结果表明 :材料组分的分布形状系数M、环境介质温度和对流换热系数的变化对梯度功能材料板的瞬态温度场分布均有明显的影响。本文结果为梯度功能材料的优化设计和进一步的热应力分析提供了理论计算依据。     

对流换热边界下变物性梯度功能材料板瞬态温度场有限元分析

用有限元法和有限差分法相结合的方法,分析了由 ZrO₂和Ti-6Al-4V组成的变物性梯度功能材料板在对流换热边界条件下的非线性瞬态热传导问题,检验了方法的正确性,给出了对流换热边界下的瞬态温度场分布,并与不考虑变物性时的结果进行了比较。结果表明:在精确计算瞬态温度场分布时,变物性是影响梯度功能材料板瞬态温度场的最重要因素之一。此外,材料组分的分布形状系数、环境介质温度和对流换热系数的变化对变物性梯度功能材料板的瞬态温度场分布均有明显的影响。此结果为材料设计和进一步的热应力分析提供了准确的计算依据。     

不同变形状态下变物性梯度功能材料板瞬态热应力

用非线性有限元法分析了由ZrO2和Ti-6Al-4V组成的变物性梯度功能材料板的对流换热瞬态热应力问题,与已有文献比较检验了方法的正确性,给出了该材料板在不同变形状态下的瞬态热应力分布,并与常物性时的结果进行了比较。结果表明:无限自由长板内的热应力最小;当无限长板只能伸长、不能弯曲时,板内瞬态拉应力最大;当无限长板伸长、弯曲受限时,板内的瞬态压应力最大;考虑变物性时的最大拉应力比常物性减小48.9%,最大压应力减小39.6%;此外,对流换热系数的变化对不同变形状态下该变物性材料板瞬态热应力场的影响显著。此结果为该材料的设计和应用提供了准确的理论计算依据。     

梯度功能材料薄板瞬态势弹性弯曲有限元分析

用层合板有限元法分析了由ZrO2和Ti-6Al-4V组成的新型梯度功能材料薄板的瞬态热弹性弯曲应力问题,并对本方法的正确性进行了检验。讨论了加热、冷却热边界条件以及两种力学边界条件（固支和简支）对梯度功能材料薄板的瞬态热弹性弯曲应中国科学院分布的影响,发现：（1）在加热过程中,简支板低温金属侧出现较大压应力;在冷却过程中,简支板高温陶瓷侧出现较大拉应力;且其拉、压应力会随着板上、下表面温差的增大而增大。（2）无论简支板还是固支板,在冷却过程中,沿整个厚度板内部压应力均较大。（3）在本文的相同条件下,固支板比简支板更适合高温、大温差的使用环境。     

梯度功能材料薄板瞬态热弹性弯曲有限元分析

用层合板有限元法分析了由ZrO2和Ti-6Al-4V组成的新型梯度功能材料薄板的瞬态热弹性弯曲应力问题,并对本方法的正确性进行了检验。讨论了加热、 冷却热边界条件以及两种力学边界条件(固支和简支)对梯度功能材料薄板的瞬态热弹性弯曲应力分布的影响。发现：(1) 在加热过程中,简支板低温金属侧出现较大压应力;在冷却过程中,简支板高温陶瓷侧出现较大拉应力; 且其拉、压应力会随着板上、下表面温差的增大而增大。(2) 无论是简支板还是固支板, 在冷却过程中,沿整个厚度板内部压应力均较大。(3) 在本文的相同条件下,固支板比简支板更适合高温、大温差的使用环境。     

多孔铝对流换热系数的反演分析

建立了多孔铝的一维瞬态对流换热模型,采用反演分析方法求得了多孔铝的体积对流换热系数.给出了多孔铝对流换热的无量纲准则关联式,并在较宽的孔结构范围内(孔隙率为60.0%～95.0%、孔径为2.5～6.0 mm)研究了孔结构对多孔铝换热系数的影响.结果表明:多孔铝的换热系数随着风速的增加而提高.在风速相同的条件下,换热系数随着孔径和孔隙率的减小而提高.在风机功率相同的条件下,换热系数随着孔隙率的增大而提高,在孔隙率约为85%时达到峰值.     

梯度功能材料板瞬态温度场有限元分析

采用有限元法与有限差分法相结合的方法,对梯度功能材料板的瞬态温度场进行了分析,并且通过ＺｒＯ２和Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ组成的梯度功能材料对本方法的正确性进行了检验,最后给出了加热、冷却过程的瞬态温度场分布。     

功能梯度圆板的三维瞬态热弹性分析

基于线性热弹性理论的基本方程,采用两个位移分量,两个应力分量,温度变量和一个热流分量作为状态变量,应用状态空间理论,建立了功能梯度材料轴对称圆板结构在动态热载荷作用下的状态方程,考虑了运动惯性项以及热传导过程中的耦合效应,根据微分求积法,将状态方程沿径向进行离散.采用Laplace变换和打靶法,数值求解了材料常数按幂率变化的周边固支圆板在热冲击下的热响应.为求解功能梯度结构三维热弹性瞬态响应提供了一种方法.分析了组分材料分布对功能梯度圆板的热响应行为,包括板内温度变化,横向挠度以及板内应力分量的影响规律.     

A three-dimensional treatment of transient thermal stresses in a transversely isotropic semi-infinite circular cylinder subjected to an asymmetric temperature on the cylindrical surface

Summary This paper deals with a three-dimensional transient thermal stress problem in a transversely isotropic semi-infinite circular cylinder subjected to an asymmetrical temperature on the cylindrical surface and a convective heat loss on the surfaces. In analyzing the problem, the generalized Fourier transform to a temperature and the modified transversely isotropic potential functions method to stresses are used. For the numerical example, the temperature and the thermal stresses are calculated for a grafite which belongs under a transverse isotropy, and compared with the values under isotropic conditions. The effects of the various anisotropies of the material properties on the temperature and the thermal stresses are studied.With 15 Figures     

Thermal shock in an edge-cracked plate subjected to uniform surface heating

Thermal shock due to sudden surface heating of an edge-cracked plate is examined and compared with the opposite thermal shock condition that is associated with surface cooling. The plate is assumed to be insulated on one face with convective thermal boundary conditions existing on the side of the plate containing the crack. It is shown that surface heating results in compressive transient thermal stresses close to the plate surface which force the crack surfaces together over a certain contact length. The resulting nonlinear crack contact problem is formulated in terms of a singular integral equation and solved numerically. Calculated results include the transient stress intensity factors for various crack lengths at different values of the Biot number. A result of particular interest is the crack length at which the maximum stress intensity factor during heating exceeds the maximum stress intensity factor for cooling with otherwise identical heat transfer conditions.     

Finite element calculation and measurement of thermal stresses in quenched plates of high–strength 7075 aluminium alloy

Abstract

Thick parts of high–strength aluminium alloys usually undergo a drastic quench which gives rise to thermal stresses and may cause distortion of products. The control of complex phenomena involved during quenching is achieved by determining the temperature distribution, thermal strains, and residual stresses using the MARC finite element program. In this approach, the thermo mechanical problem is assumed to be uncoupled, i.e. the thermal and mechanical calculations are solved consecutively. First a non–linear heat transfer analysis is performed taking the temperature dependence of the thermophysical properties and transient conditions of convection at the surface of the plate into account. This is followed by a thermo–elastoplastic stress analysis using the predicted temperature distributions, assuming an isotropic behaviour of the material and taking the temperature dependence of its mechanical properties into account. The calculation of thermal stresses occurring during the cold and hot water quenching of a 70 mm thick plate of 7075 alloy using this method shows a good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental values of residual stresses, as measured by the layer removal method.

MST/2     

Temperature, stress and microstructure in 10Ni5CrMoV steel plate during air–arc cutting process

Although the air–arc cutting process has been widely used in the material processing engineering, little information about temperature, stress and microstructure in the plate air–arc cut is known. A three-dimensional finite element model including the material removal and the thermal effect of the arc is developed to study the temperature and stress fields of 10Ni5CrMoV steel plate during air–arc cutting process in this paper. The microstructures and micro-mechanical properties of the parts near the groove especially in heat affected zone (HAZ) are studied by experimental methods, and they also can be used as a method to verify the numerical results. Effects of stresses induced by air–arc cutting process on the initial residual stress fields of base materials are also researched. The results show that the cooling velocity in HAZ is higher than the one of the welding process for the same base material, and the zone with high temperature is very narrow, which means that the temperature gradients near the groove are very steep during the air–arc cutting process; this special temperature field depresses multiphase transformations and coarse microstructures. The evolution of the stress during the air–arc cutting is described, and the numerical results indicate that the characteristics of the evolution of stresses and the residual stresses distribution in the plate in air–arc cutting process seem to be similar to the ones of the butt welding for flat plates. The influences of air–arc cutting process on initial stress fields present two aspects: thermal effect and material removal effect, and the former plays a primary role. Both numerical temperature and stress fields are compared with the experimental ones. It is very important for researchers to clarify the temperatures, stresses and microstructures in the plate during air–arc cutting process, and understand fully the mechanism of influences of air–arc cutting on the plate; it is also very valuable for engineering application of the air–arc cutting process.     

Transient piezothermoelastic analysis for a functionally graded thermopiezoelectric hollow sphere

This paper is concerned with the theoretical treatment of transient piezothermoelastic problem involving a functionally graded thermopiezoelectric hollow sphere due to uniform heat supply. The transient one-dimensional temperature is analyzed by the method of Laplace transformation. The thermal, thermoelastic and piezoelectric constants of the hollow sphere are expressed as power functions of the radial coordinate. The one-dimensional solution for the temperature change in a transient state, and piezothermoelastic response of a functionally graded thermopiezoelectric hollow sphere is obtained herein. Some numerical results for the temperature change, displacement, stress and electric potential distributions are shown. Furthermore, the influence of the nonhomogeneity of the material upon the temperature change, displacement, stresses and electric potential is investigated.     

Optimization of material composition to minimize the thermal stresses induced in FGM plates with temperature-dependent material properties

A hybrid genetic algorithm with the complex method is developed for the optimization of the material composition of a multi-layered functionally graded material plate with temperature-dependent material properties in order to minimize the thermal stresses induced in the plate when it is subjected to steady-state thermal loads. In the formulation, the plate is artificially divided into an n _l -layered plate, and a weak-form-based finite layer method is developed to obtain the displacement and stress components induced in the n _l -layered plate using the Reissner mixed variational theorem. Two thermal conditions, namely the specified temperature and heat convection conditions, imposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the plate are considered. The through-thickness distributions of the volume fractions of the constituents are assumed as certain specific/non-specific function distributions, such as power-law, sigmoid, layerwise step and layerwise linear function distributions, and the effective material properties of the plate are estimated using the Mori–Tanaka scheme. Comparisons with regard to the minimization for the peak values of the stress ratios induced in the FGM plates with various optimal material compositions are conducted.