宋代消防—一中国乃至世界最古老，最健全的体制

“二年六月，诏在京人户遗火，须候都巡检到，方始救泼，致枉烧房屋，先令开封府，今后如有遗火，仰探火军人走报巡检，画时赴救，都巡检未到，即本厢巡检先救。如去巡检地分遥远，左右军巡使或本地分厢界巡检，员僚指挥使先到，即指挥兵士、水行人等，与本主同共救泼，不得枉拆远火屋舍，仍车令辖不得接便偷盗财物。如有违犯，其军巡使、厢虞侯、员僚指挥使，并勘罪以闻”。     

一种新型数据中心移动巡检系统

随着数据中心行业的不断发展壮大，越来越多的数据中心基础设施设备需要日常维护和管理，设备的日常巡检任务变得庞大和复杂，以往的原始工作方式是人工巡视、手工纸介质记录，这种方式存在着诸多人为因素、巡视记录不规范、管理人员监管不力、工作效率低下等明显弊端，为了方便巡检员的巡检信息统计工作，减少信息失真，使巡检员与公司管理层实时交流信息，解决巡检工作中出现的信息断层问题，同时也使设备紧急故障情况得到及时处理，使公司内部管理者能及时了解设备状态，掌控巡检员的工作情况，一种新型的基础设施设备移动巡检方法应运而生。     

三维定位系统应用于热源巡检人员的分析

我公司所使用的自研的热源运检人员的智能微惯导三维定位系统,是一种综合的热源运检人员三维定位智能管理系统.它有助于供热管理人员的指挥调度、管理等工作,从而实现对供热现场人员科学调度指挥以及保障巡检人员科学高效巡检和人员安全.     

“119”向你呼唤

“119”为你流泪 3月10日下午4时50分,缙云县五云镇水南街3号居民王仙蕊刚打开气灶烧饭,发现液化石油气皮管火烧了起来。她不知如何是好,惊慌地大叫救火。正在家里清理菠箩的二哥杜兴光听到弟媳喊叫声,急忙赶来把一条棉被盖在液化气瓶上。三哥杜伟光从水缸里淘水泼向火苗。结果火不但没扑灭,反而引起气体爆炸。街对面的香烟店店主黄兴伟看见杜喜光家失了火,急忙向“119”报了警。片刻,他家的房子也着了     

救火“救”错了吗?

<正>接到一封读者来信,提出"救火"的说法是错误的,理由是发生了火情,应该是"灭"火,说"救"火难道是要让火越烧越旺吗?的确,当我们说"救人"时,意思是援助他人使其脱离灾难或危险,仿此,"救火"不就是"援助火灾"了吗?所以,他呼吁纠正"救火"的叫法,改称"扑救"。这位读者的逻辑没错,然而却只知其一,不知其二。"救"字的意思,除了上面说的那个意思之外,还有另一个义项:援助人、     

南京火车站被火毁容

１９９９年１１月１２日凌晨,江苏省南京火车站候车大厅发生火灾,过火面积２２００平方米,一人在火灾中丧生。 这天凌晨１时许,候车大厅二楼录像厅ＫＴＶ包间突然起火。１时０９分,南京市消防支队接到报警,迅速调集８个公安消防中队、一个企业专职消防队,计３０辆消防车、１９８名消防官兵和专职消防队员前往扑救,省公安厅副厅长裴锡章、省消防总队政委莫顺宝立即赶赴火场指挥灭火。经消防官兵奋力扑救,大火于２时１５分扑灭。由于火场组织指挥得当,控制了火势蔓延,使候车厅两侧的售票房和贵宾厅免遭火劫。候车厅内３００多名旅…     

执勤队长在火场指挥中的职责和要求(中)

(一)要坚定不移地坚持救人第一的指导思想 (二)要坚持从实际情况出发,确保被救人员的情绪稳定 (三)要十分重视火灾室四周上下充烟区域的搜寻救人 (四)要重视沿街门面店铺"经营、仓库、住宿"三合一火灾的救人与搜寻 (五)要强化现场心肺复苏的急救技术训练,不准轻易认定被救人员死亡八、火场救人的基本要求 (一)要坚定不移地坚持救人第一的指导思想 1、任何现场都要首先问清是否有人员被困,在指挥意识上必须放在"第一"的位置,防止火灭了,部队也撤离了,结果发现了遇难者,这种失     

《中国消防通史》节选

《墨子·号令》 慎无敢失火者,失火者斩其端;失火者以为乱者车裂,伍人不得,斩;得之,除。救火者无敢及离守绝巷救火者斩。其正及父老有守此巷中部吏,皆得救之,部吏亟令人谒之大将,大将使信人将左右救之,部吏失言者斩。诸女子有死罪及坐失火皆无有所的,逮其以火为乱事者如法。 说的是发生火灾后,有关人员的处罚。引起火灾的“火首”,处斩;若故意放火以谋乱的,处车裂之刑;与放火者同伍而不举报的,处斩;举报的可免死罪。 救火的人不得喧哗,离开所守之地域,越绝他巷去救火的,处斩;此巷失火,里正、父者及守此巷的部吏都必…     

初学者园地火棘盆景的造型与养护

火棘又名红果、火把果、火焰树、救军粮,蔷薇科火棘属常绿灌木.枝叶茂密,春花似雪,秋果累累,入冬火红灿烂夺目,为观果盆景佳品.     

伊春供水管线智能巡检系统研究

针对伊春市供水管网日常管线巡检业务痛点,通过GPS,GIS等技术实现巡检从工单派发、巡查、反馈到监督全过程的精细化管理.通过该系统,可以统一管理检查数据,既可以避免工作人员产生不必要的重复性劳动,又可以解决人工巡检解决不到的问题,从而提高工作效率,使资源最大化利用.     

国内某地铁加装细水雾灭火系统方案

对行业内自动灭火系统进行对比,提出细水雾灭火系统在城市轨道交通车辆上应用的优势.通过在国内某地铁加装细水雾灭火系统的实例,介绍了细水雾灭火系统的方案、系统组成及细水雾装置的配置方案,依据地方标准的要求,通过对灭火时环境参数的分析,验证了加装的细水雾灭火系统达到了设计要求,起到了灭控火的目的.     

Examination of the Extinguishment Performance of a Water Mist System Using Continuous and Cycling Discharges

We conducted a series of full-scale fire tests of a twin-fluid water mist system in an empty enclosure and in a simulated machinery space. During the tests, two water mist discharge modes, continuous and cycling, were used. We investigated the extinguishment performance of the water mist system using these two discharge modes under various fire scenarios, including different fire sizes, types, and locations, and different ventilation conditions. Test results showed that use of the cycling discharge substantially improved the effectiveness of the water mist system for fire suppression, in comparison to the continuous discharge. The corresponding extinguishing time and water requirement for fire suppression were significantly reduced, and some fires that could not be extinguished with the continuous discharge were extinguished with the cycling discharge. The improvement in fire suppression was attributed to high depletion and dilution rate of oxygen and the recurrent dynamic mixing generated by the cycling water mist discharge in the compartment.     

气体灭火系统消防监督检查技术研究

在当下消防工作中,气体灭火系统对于大多数城市来说非常重要,尤其是在经济快速发展,建筑行业突飞猛进的时代,不少城市开始出现大量的建筑物,而这些建筑物刚好是城市发展的标志,而密集的城市建筑物也给消防安全带来了隐患,严重的火灾事故时有发生。因此,消防系统的发展开始成为社会发展的重要组成部分。而气体灭火作为其中重要的系统之一,凭借其独特的优势和广泛的使用范围赢得了社会的认同,与此同时,气体消防灭火系统的消防监督检查系统开始成为消防工作关注的重点,相关消防工作人员要注意各个消防系统的操作要点,从消防防控着手,保证气体灭火系统在消防监督检查技术的保障下,发挥出更大的作用。     

高压细水雾灭火系统用于绍兴市档案馆库房

细水雾灭火系统是一种灭火效率高、耗水量少、绿色环保的新型灭火系统。结合绍兴市综合档案馆大型库房消防设计实例,介绍了高压细水雾灭火系统的组成、工作原理、设计参数、计算公式、控制方式等,提出了高压细水雾灭火系统在实际应用中存在的问题和相关建议。     

Evaluation of the Fire Suppression Effectiveness of Manually Applied Compressed-Air-Foam (CAF) System

Mobile compressed-air-foam (CAF) systems represent a new type of fire suppression system, which is gaining popularity among fire services. Properly engineered CAF systems produce superior quality foam with high momentum. However, until now, there has not been a study to systematically evaluate the fire suppression effectiveness of mobile CAF systems. NRC has carried out a project to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile CAF system in suppressing fully developed compartment fires. Several full-scale compartment fire tests were conducted to compare the fire suppression performance of a manually applied CAF system with that of hose stream application using water alone and using water-foam solution, under similar conditions. The study showed that a CAF system is much more effective in suppressing the compartment fire compared to hose stream application with water only or with foam-water solution. A CAF system with a 95 L/min (25 GPM) water flow rate suppressed the test fire better than the hose-stream application with water only or with foam-solution using 360 L/min (95 GPM). The CAF system suppressed the fire and cooled down the fire compartment (to 200°C) much quicker than the water alone or foam-solution. Also, the total amount of water used to control the test fire was much less with the CAF system than with the water alone or foam-solution.     

华南地区城市公园绿地防灾韧性评估 指标体系研究

在全球气候变化背景下,城市公园绿地应对极端气 候事件和不确定干扰的能力在提高城市防灾韧性中起到关键作 用。基于对华南地区城市公园绿地防灾过程与功能分析,构建 了一个涵盖灾前、灾时和灾后“全过程”的城市公园绿地防灾 韧性评估指标体系。指标体系由11个准则和32个指标构成, 用于应对极端高温灾害;暴雨、台风和城市内涝;森林火灾以 及其他灾害。最后,以广州珠江公园为例对该指标体系进行实 证检验。结论有助于明确城市公园绿地防灾韧性的重要性与方 向,优化和提升华南地区城市公园绿地防灾韧性设计。     

Heat Release Rate of Heavy Goods Vehicle Fire in Tunnels with Fixed Water Based Fire-Fighting System

A series of large-scale fire tests for road tunnel application was conducted in a test tunnel facility in Spain. The aim of this fire tests program was to investigate the magnitude of the heat release rate generated by a fire in heavy goods vehicles (HGV’s) with and without a fire suppression system in tunnels in Singapore; the possibility of interchanging a fire suppression system with other measures such as lowering the longitudinal flow velocity; and to acquire information on the appropriate design parameters (e.g., nozzle type, discharge density and activation time) to adopt based on the most probable fuel load used in these road tunnels. In order to ensure repeatability, simulated HGV’s consisting of 228 pallets with 48 plastic pallets (20%) and 180 wooden pallets (80%) were used in all fire tests. An air velocity of approximately 3 m/s was applied. As the scope of work covered in this fire test program is very large, only the setup of the fire test and the findings on the effects of heat release rate with (Test 4) and without (Test 7) a fixed water based fire-fighting system are covered. The test results indicate that a substantial reduction of fire heat release rate can be obtained using a low-pressure deluge fire suppression system, as long as timely activation of the water is provided. However, the influence of the suppression system on CO production is significant. Such experimental data address the current dearth of knowledge on the actual effect of low-pressure deluge systems on the heat release rate from HGVs in tunnel fires.     

地铁设备房自动灭火系统设计及经济性分析

针对目前国内地铁大部分采用气体灭火系统的现状,介绍高压细水雾工作原理,比较两者的安全性能。基于地下车站密闭狭隘空间火灾逃生困难的特性,纵向对比考虑地面及高架车站设备房自动灭火系统选择。以南京地铁AFC设备用房为例,依据国家规范分别采用两种灭火系统进行设计及水力计算,得出设计参数、系统组成。根据计算结果进行设备造价分析,提出高压细水雾灭火系统在地铁设备房应用的可行性,同时,横向对比上海轨道交通成功案例,为城市轨道交通建设及运营管理单位提供参考。     

Large Scale Tunnel Fire Tests with Large Droplet Water-Based Fixed Fire Fighting System

This paper presents the main results of six large scale fixed fire fighting system tests that were carried out in the Runehamar tunnel in September 2013. It describes the background and the performance of the system. The main fire load consisted of 420 standardized wood pallets and a target consisting of a pile of 21 wood pallets placed 5 m from the rear end of the main fire load. The purpose was to investigate possible fire spread. The water spray system is a deluge zone system delivering 10 mm/min in the activated zone. The detection system was simulated with use of thermocouple in the tunnel ceiling. The alarm was registered when the ceiling gas temperature was 141°C. After alarm was obtained the system was activated manually after a given delay time that was varied in the tests. The heat release rates in tests with fire suppression were reduced to 20–45 MW compared to 100 MW estimated for a free-burn test or 75 MW in test 6 with a failure of activation. Fire spread to the target was prevented after fire suppression.     

水喷雾系统抑制电动汽车火灾有效性实验研究

为解决现有消防手段难以有效扑灭电动汽车火灾的问题,设计了水喷雾隔热阻火系统和拖车式车载水喷雾灭火降温系统.对模拟电动汽车火灾进行灭火有效性全尺度实验.结果表明,在现有工况条件下,水喷雾隔热阻火系统能有效抑制车辆底盘的射流火焰,可防止火灾向相邻车辆蔓延,但受安装位置限制,该系统对驾驶舱内部火焰的抑制和降温效果较差,灭火后...