连续定向凝固过程铜铬合金的组织与缺陷

研究了铜铬合金的连续走向凝固的工艺条件及相互之间的匹配关系,以及铜铬合金的显微组织及其表面缺陷形成的原因.结果表明:结晶器高度10~25mm,冷却距离25 mm,合金温度1210~1280℃,牵引速度0.2~1.0mm/s,冷却水量720L/h时,可制得Cu-0.6% Cr合金材料.     

凝固过程中的脉冲磁场和脉冲磁力研究

用数值模拟方法研究了凝固样品中的脉冲磁感应强度和电磁力的分布特性。模拟结果表明，脉冲磁场凝固条件下，脉冲磁感就强度和电磁力分布具有轴向、径向分布的不对称性和不均匀性。这种分布特性有助于了解脉冲磁场对金属凝固组织的细化作用。     

定向凝固过程中的流动效应

在类合金(NH₄Cl-H₂O溶液)定向凝固晶体生长实验装置上,利用ϕ30μm煤粉作示踪粒子,再现糊状区内微通道流以及通道出口处的流体流动,并测算了各处流体的瞬时速率.分析认为:凝固初期,糊状区内固相体积分数较大,内部流体流动受阻;随着固相体积分数减少,糊状区孔隙率增大,流体充分发展;当平均固相体积分数降至0.42,接近最小值0.38时,当量雷诺数达到临界值(247),糊状区内形成微通道;随着通道宽度逐渐扩大,液相区内热流体进入微通道.微通道内稀冷液体向上流,浓热液体向下流,促使通道内溶液再结晶.     

静磁场作用下镁合金AZ61凝固过程研究

AZ61是典型的变形镁合金，是具有优越性能的金属材料，但仍有很多方面还有待研究。对镁合金AZ61在静磁场作用下的凝固过程进行了研究，并且与无磁场作用下AZ61的凝固过程进行了比较。结果表明，在施加静态磁场条件下镁合金的液相线温度和固相线温度均有较大幅度的改变，液固区间有增大现象；同时，静磁场显著净化了镁合金组织，夹杂物数量显著减少，并且夹杂物的形状从正常的“爪”形转变为“球”形，减少了夹杂物对镁合金性能的不良影响。     

DSM11合金定向凝固工艺的研究

研究了定向凝固速度对DSM11合金组织结构和性能的影响.结果表明,在获得柱状晶生长的条件下,随凝固速度提高,枝晶间距细化,合金中的γ'相、碳化物和共晶组织细而均匀;当凝固速度为11mm/min时,出现严重的枝晶分叉和不连续现象.凝固速度变化对合金高温持久性能影响显著.凝固速度为7 mm/min时,合金持久性能最高,对应枝晶间距和共晶含量的低谷,伴随着细小枝晶和均匀的显微组织.     

磁场对金属材料凝固的影响

控制并得到合适的凝固组织一直是材料工作者研究的方向。近年来人们对金属在磁场中的凝固做了一系列研究,取得了一定成果。主要介绍了磁场对金属凝固过程的影响,包括磁场驱动流体流动、控制宏观偏析、改善凝固组织等,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望。     

高纯铝定向凝固提纯技术应用研究

高纯铝是目前最主要的电子新材料,通过定向凝固工艺获得的高纯铝具有纯度高、成本低的优势,该法目前被产业界广泛采用。简单介绍了定向凝固技术的原理,重点分析了国内外高纯铝定向凝固技术的新工艺、新方法,最后对高纯铝定向凝固技术存在的问题及发展趋势进行了分析总结。     

定向凝固过程中固液界面稳定性的研究现状

界面稳定性是金属定向凝固过程中一个很重要的问题,关于它的研究也层出不穷。综述了这一领域的主要进展,着重讨论了基于MS理论研究的各种界面稳定性理论,并指出电磁场对界面稳定性的影响,同时分析了需进一步研究的主要方向。     

金属连续定向凝固技术

针对日趋活跃的金属定向凝固技术,阐述定向凝固技术的基本原理,以及其特点.简要说明了金属定向凝固技术的应用.介绍了目前金属定向凝固技术在国内外的发展状况,存在的问题及未来的前景.     

Nb30Ti35Co35合金定向凝固组织演化和显微硬度研究

三元以及多元合金凝固过程中,多组元间相互耦合和溶质再分配造成其凝固路径及其组织异常复杂,到目前为止尚未建立起完整统一的三元共晶凝固理论模型,凝固组织和机械性能的本质关系亟待研究。基于此,针对Nb₃₀Ti₃₅Co₃₅共晶合金(实测Nb₃₁Ti₃₄Co₃₅)开展了不同抽拉速率(v=3,5,15,30,70μm·s^-1)下的定向凝固实验研究,测量其显微硬度(H),旨在探索不同抽拉速率下合金的微观组织演化规律,并构建组织和性能之间的关系。结果表明：除极少量初生α-Nb外,常规铸态合金几乎完全由共晶(α-Nb+TiCo)组织构成,相类似地,定向凝固合金组织中也含有相同的组织类型(少量的Ti₂Co除外),即初生α-Nb和共晶(α-Nb+TiCo)组织;随着抽拉速率的逐渐增加,初生相α-Nb依次经历了“圆球状→团簇状→枝晶状”的转变,稳态生长区内共晶组织逐渐粗化,共晶排列不规则且相间距明显变大,淬火界面失稳并依次经历胞状界面到...     

电磁场在材料凝固过程中的应用

介绍了各种电磁场处理在材料凝固过程中的应用和存在的问题，对从事冶金和铸造领域研究的人员具有一定参考价值。     

A Preliminary Study of Electromagnetic Confinement and Directional Solidification of Platy Specimens of Stainless Steels

A method for producing metal and alloy ingots from their melts by electromagnetic moulds instead of physical moulds is proposed. This technique is based on eddy current flowing in the alloy material and electromagnetic pressure on the surface of the specimen from an induction coil around the specimen. A theoretical model for the distribution of the electromagnetic field in the material is established and the electromagnetic pressure exerted on the melt surface as well as the temperature field in the sample are set up. For a growing platy ingot with polyhedral cross section a three‐dimensional numerical analysis of the electromagnetic pressure and temperature field is carried out. As a result of the extensive experimental study and theoretical analysis, platy samples of rectangular cross sections are successfully obtained by the electromagnetic container‐less confinement process.     

Al-7Si Alloy Directional Solidification With the Application of a Pulsed Magnetic Field

An experiment on the directional solidification of Al-7Si alloys under the influence of a pulsed magnetic field(PMF)is performed.Maximal peak value of PMF intensity up to 0.226 T between two iron cores was generated when a capacitor bank of 120μF capacitance with initial voltage of 1000 V was triggered to a pair of solenoids.The PMF decreases the temperature gradient ahead of the liquidus front and increases the width of the mushy zone.In this paper,using Darcy’s permeability law and Lehrnann’s model,the order of magnitude of the interdendritic liquid flow velocities with the application of PMF is evaluated.     

Effects of Thermoelectric Magnetic Convection on the Solidification Structure During Directional Solidification under Lower Transverse Magnetic Field

This work investigated the thermoelectric magnetic convection (TEMC) during directional solidification under a transverse magnetic field numerically and experimentally. Numerical results show that the TEMC will form in liquid near the liquid/solid interface and in the dendritic network. The value of the TEMC mainly depends on the crucible diameter, the temperature gradient, and the magnetic field intensity. The value of the TEMC increases as the crucible diameter and the temperature gradient are increased. The value of the TEMC on the sample scale increases to a maximum when the magnetic field is of the order of 0.1 T, and then decreases as the magnetic field still increases. However, the value of the TEMC on the cell/dendrite scale continues to increase with the increase of the magnetic field intensity when the applied magnetic field is less then 1 T. Two alloys are solidified directionally in the vertical configuration under a transverse magnetic field, and results show that the application of a lower transverse magnetic field (B < 1 T) modified the liquid/solid interface shape and the cellular/dendritic array significantly. Indeed, it was observed that, along with the refinement of the cell/dendrite, the magnetic field caused the deformation of the liquid/solid interfaces and the extensive segregations (i.e., channel and freckle) in the mushy zone. Comparison of the numerical and experimental results shows that the modification amplitude of the liquid/solid interface and the cellular/dendritic morphology is in good agreement with the value of the TEMC at the liquid/solid interface and in the dendritic network. This implies that changes of the interface shape and the cellular/dendritic morphology should be attributed, respectively, to the TEMC on the sample and the cell/dendrite scales.     

Analysis of Graphite Morphology of Gray Cast Iron in Pulse Magnetic Field

Theelectromagneticrefinementofmetalsolidi ficationstructureisanewlydevelopedtechnique. Themagneticfieldcanrefinethesolidificationstruc turebyactingupontheliquidmetal,suchasvibra tionandstirring.Atpresent,suchtechniquesare mainlyappliedtoalloyswithlower…     

磁场、电场对金属材料热加工过程中组织和性能的影响

叙述了国内外磁场、电场作用于金属材料的热加工过程中,对金属材料组织和性能影响的研究情况.磁场和电场都能细化金属材料的晶粒,对金属材料的组织和性能具有显著的影响.此外,磁场能够提高金属材料的传导和传热能力,提高金属材料的冷却均匀性和时效后的强度.电场能够提高金属材料的强度、硬度和渗透性.