微炉裂解气相色谱-质谱联用法研究α-紫罗兰酮的热裂解行为及产物

为了研究烟用香料α-紫罗兰酮在不同温度下的热裂解行为和热裂解产物,采用微炉热裂解技术(Py)对α-紫罗兰酮进行了300、400、500、600、650、700、800和900℃下裂解,通过GC/MS对其中的裂解产物进行定性和半定量分析,α-紫罗兰酮可裂解为α-紫罗兰烯、γ-紫罗兰酮、β-紫罗兰酮、2-甲基呋喃和5,5-二甲基环戊二烯等76种物质.在600℃以下27%的α-紫罗兰酮没有裂解,在700℃时α-紫罗兰酮完全裂解.在800℃和900℃裂解产物大致一样.根据主要的裂解产物和其相对含量的变化对α-紫罗兰酮的裂解机理进行了初步探讨.     

绿原酸的梯度热裂解分析

为准确了解绿原酸的裂解过程,测定了绿原酸的热失重特性,并根据绿原酸的热重曲线和裂解特性将其裂解历程分为10个温度段,采用GC/MS法测定了这10个梯度温度段绿原酸的热裂解产物.结果表明:①绿原酸的热失重至少可分为6个温度段,各阶段的热失重分别为2.94%,0.61%,8.55%,20.29%,34.32%和9.43%;②绿原酸在10个温度段的热裂解产物为:30～120℃,裂解产物是水;120～190℃,没有裂解产物产生;190～260℃,裂解产物是水、二氧化碳和奎宁内酯类化合物;260～325℃,裂解产物是二氧化碳、苯酚、儿茶酚、对苯二酚和奎宁内酯类化合物、水;325～400℃,与260～325℃相比,新裂解产生了3-羟基苯甲酸、苯甲酸、4-乙基儿茶酚;400～500℃,共检出27种主要组分,包括初级裂解产物和1,3-环戊二烯、呋喃、烷基苯酚、甲基儿茶酚、苯甲酸类、芳香烃和多苯环化合物等二次裂解产物;500～600℃,裂解产物中含量较高的是二氧化碳、水和一氧化碳,其次是苯酚、儿茶酚和3-甲基苯酚;600～700℃,主要的挥发性成分是水、二氧化碳和一氧化碳,还有少量的苯、甲苯、苯酚和3-甲基苯酚;700～800℃和800～900℃,裂解产物只有水、二氧化碳和一氧化碳.因此,结合热重分析的梯度裂解产物分析能够为研究绿原酸的裂解过程提供更多的信息.     

热裂解气相色谱质谱法研究香兰素在加热不燃烧卷烟中的转移行为

为了研究香兰素在加热不燃烧卷烟中的转移行为,建立香兰素的气相色谱/质谱测定方法,并采用该方法定量测定裂解剩余产物中的香兰素含量,进而计算出香兰素的转移率。同时模拟在加热不燃烧条件下,对香兰素进行热裂解产物分析,进一步明确香兰素的热转化过程。结果表明:1)Py-GC/MS法适用于香兰素的定量研究;2)香兰素在加热不燃烧卷烟的转移率较高;3)裂解转移过程中,部分香兰素发生分解,产生小分子的酚、醛类物质,4)香兰素的裂解程度和温度呈正相关。     

热解温度对烟草稠环芳烃产生量的影响

采用热裂解-气质联用(Py-GC/MS)法测定了氮气中不同温度下烤烟、香料烟和白肋烟烟叶样品裂解产生的10种稠环芳烃(PAHs)。结果表明:①550℃以下,烤烟、白肋烟和香料烟样品裂解产物中均未检出PAHs;600℃和650℃下,裂解产物均为芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘;700℃下,烤烟和香料烟样品裂解产物中又检出了苯并[a]蒽、屈艹,而白肋烟样品未检出;750℃下,烤烟和白肋烟样品的裂解产物中又检出了苯并荧蒽、苯并[e]芘、苯并[a]芘,而香料烟样品未检出;800~900℃,3种烟叶样品均检出这10种PAHs;②600~900℃,每种烟叶样品的PAHs量均随着裂解温度的升高呈上升趋势;同一裂解温度下,烤烟、白肋烟和香料烟样品的PAHs产生量有一定的差异。800℃以上,大部分PAHs都是香料烟的产生量最大,白肋烟的最小,而750℃以下并非如此。香料烟样品的PAHs产生量随着裂解温度的升高增幅最大。     

卷烟烟丝热裂解产物香味成分分析

为了解热裂解温度对烟气香味成分的影响,将烤烟型卷烟烟丝于温度50℃(20 s)10℃.ms→400、600、800、1000、1200℃(20 s)和空气(流速30 mL/min)中进行了热裂解,并对裂解产物中的香味成分进行GC/MS分析.结果表明:①400、600、800、1000和1200℃下的热裂解产物中分别鉴定出57、70、76、77和68种香味成分;②香味成分的释放量随着热裂解温度升高而增大:400→600℃增幅达24%,600→800℃增幅约为1%,800→1000℃增幅为8%,1000℃时释放量达到最大,而后降低;③不同热解温度对应的最大释放量的香味组分分别为:400℃下呋喃酮和吡喃酮类、醛类、酚类、醇酸酯类,600℃下烯烃类、烟碱,800℃下麦斯明与二烯烟碱等烟碱类,1000℃下酮类、氮杂环类、呋喃及苯并呋喃类;④400～600℃,烟碱的释放量随着热解温度的升高而增大,至600℃达到最大,而后下降,但降幅不大.卷烟烟气的香味可能随燃吸温度而变化.     

热裂解-GC/MS评估烟草苯系物产生量的影响因素

本研究以带有吸附阱的热裂解装置作为裂解反应器,采用高温裂解、低温吸附后热脱附并结合GC/MS在线检测的方法,测定了空气氛围中不同裂解条件下烤烟裂解产生的苯系物(包括苯、甲苯、对二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻/间二甲苯).实验中考察了裂解条件的变化对裂解产物中苯系物产生量的影响,考察的因素包括:裂解终温(600℃、700℃、800℃...     

TGA和Py-GC/MS研究琥珀酸单薄荷酯的热失重和热裂解行为

应用热重分析法（TGA）和裂解气相色谱/质谱联用仪（Py-GC/MS）对天然香料琥珀酸单薄荷酯的热失重和热裂解行为及其产物进行了研究。用热重分析法建立了琥珀酸单薄荷酯主反应区热失重过程的动力学模型,并计算出相应的动力学参数。通过Py-GC/MS,分别在300,400,500,600,700,800和900℃下对琥珀酸单薄荷酯进行热裂解,对裂解产物进行了定性和半定量分析。共鉴定出薄荷醇、薄荷烯和琥珀酸等75种裂解产物,并研究了其相对含量随温度升高而变化的规律。结果表明,琥珀酸单薄荷酯在700℃以下裂解出薄荷醇、p-薄荷-3-烯和3-甲基-6-异丙基环己烯等具有致香和清凉作用的物质,而700℃以上没有释放出致香物质。随着裂解温度的升高,裂解产物越来越复杂,有害物质如苯、甲苯、蒽和荧蒽等的含量也逐渐增加。此研究为该化合物在卷烟燃烧过程中的转移行为提供了例证,并为烟草制品加香技术提供了一定的理论依据,有利于琥珀酸单薄荷酯在卷烟产品的应用。     

β-胡萝卜素裂解温度对其裂解产物的影响

分别对β 胡萝卜素在300,400,500,600,700,800℃裂解时形成的产物进行了研究.结果表明:β 胡萝卜素高温裂解是一个十分复杂的过程,其产物为许多化合物的混合物,而且裂解的温度不同,裂解时所得到的产物也不相同.在相对较低的温度下进行裂解时,形成芳香物质的种类比较多,含量也比较高,随着裂解温度的升高,这些芳香物质的含量逐渐减少;到600℃时,β 紫罗兰酮和二氢猕猴桃内酯已完全消失,取而代之的是,萘、蒽和菲等稠环化合物的含量迅速增加;到800℃时,产物基本上是苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯等芳环化合物以及萘、蒽和菲等稠环化合物.     

桂叶油热解产物的GC/MS分析

采用GC/MS法分析了在250、300、400、500、600、700、800和900℃下桂叶油的热解产物,并用归一化法进行了定量。结果表明:①桂叶油在250℃以下不热解,丁香酚、β-石竹烯和乙酰丁香酚是桂叶油的主要致香成分;②600℃以下桂叶油主要释放出丁香酚和乙酰丁香酚等52种化合物;③700℃以上桂叶油不释放致香物质,而释放芳烃和稠环芳烃等有害物质,且其种类及相对含量均随着热解温度的升高而增大;④桂叶油的热解产物可能主要是丁香酚裂解形成的。     

秘鲁浸膏热裂解产物分析研究

采用在线裂解-气相色谱-质谱(Py-GC-MS)联用技术对天然香料秘鲁浸膏的热裂解行为及产物进行研究,分别在300℃、600℃、900℃对秘鲁浸膏下进行热裂解,并对裂解产物进行定量和定性分析。共分离并确认出56种物质,包括酚类14种、烯烃类12种、苯类9种、酯类7种、酸类1种、烷烃类3种、醇类2种、其它8种。结果表明:在热裂解过程中,随着热裂解温度的升高,烃类、醛类、酸类、酚类物质的相对含量不断上升,醇类、酯类物质的相对含量不断下降;裂解产物中包含一些致香成分,如苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、肉桂酸苄酯、橙花叔醇、丁香酚、香兰素等,同时也产生了一些有害物质,如苯、甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、间甲酚、邻甲酚、萘、苯酚等。该研究可为秘鲁浸膏在香精香料中的应用提供进一步的数据支撑。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press