腹板开孔冷弯卷边槽钢受弯构件弹性屈曲

采用理论和有限元方法分析腹板开孔冷弯薄壁型钢受弯构件弹性整体弯扭失稳、弹性畸变屈曲失稳以及弹性局部屈曲失稳的屈曲荷载。通过理论分析提出计算腹板开孔卷边槽形截面受弯构件弹性整体弯扭失稳、弹性畸变屈曲失稳以及弹性局部屈曲失稳荷载的简化计算方法,通过与有限元计算结果进行对比,近似简化方法计算结果与有限元分析结果比较接近,表明建议弹性屈曲荷载计算方法具有较高的精度,可用于开孔受弯构件整体稳定承载力以及屈曲稳定系数的计算,能够代替复杂的有限元方法进行开孔构件弹性屈曲荷载的简化计算,易用于工程设计。     

卷边槽钢开孔轴压构件弹性屈曲荷载

采用理论和有限元方法分析腹板开孔冷弯薄壁型钢截面轴压构件弹性整体弯曲失稳、弹性畸变屈曲以及弹性局部屈曲的受力性能以及屈曲荷载。在理论分析的基础上提出了计算腹板开孔卷边槽形截面构件弹性整体弯曲失稳、弹性畸变屈曲以及弹性局部屈曲荷载的近似简化方法,简化方法计算结果与有限元分析结果对比表现出较高的精度,表明建议弹性屈曲荷载计算方法可用于开孔构件整体稳定承载力以及屈曲稳定系数的计算,能够代替复杂的有限元方法进行开孔构件弹性屈曲荷载的简化计算,易于用于工程设计。     

腹板开孔冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压柱试验及设计方法

为研究腹板开孔冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压柱的整体稳定性和承载力设计方法,对不同截面的腹板、开圆或矩形孔不同开孔尺寸的冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢柱进行了轴压承载力试验,其中未开孔、开圆孔、开矩形孔试件分别为6,18,18个,每个开孔构件在腹板开孔3个,圆孔直径为0.3、0.5、0.7倍腹板高度,矩形孔高为0.2、0.4、0.6倍腹板高度,孔长为孔高的2倍。试验结果表明:构件宽厚比较小易发生弯扭失稳,而宽厚比较大构件易发生局部屈曲、畸变屈曲和整体屈曲;随着开孔尺寸的增大,腹板发生局部屈曲时荷载提高;与未开孔构件相比,开孔柱的承载力有所降低,且随着开孔尺寸的增大而逐渐降低。采用ABAQUS有限元程序对试件进行了模拟分析,模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好,表明采用有限元分析此类开孔构件是准确和可行的。进而开展了有限元参数分析,对此类构件的弹性整体屈曲临界应力计算式进行修正。     

腹板开孔冷弯卷边槽钢轴压构件畸变屈曲分析

采用通用有限元软件ABAQUS,对冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件的腹板开孔的类型、开孔大小、开孔位置等参数进行分析,研究腹板开孔对构件发生畸变屈曲时屈曲稳定系数k值的影响。结果表明:开孔位置会影响其屈曲模式;多孔间距存在一个安全距离;腹板开圆孔或长圆孔时,构件屈曲系数k有着不同程度的降低。根据影响开孔构件畸变屈曲的主要参数,提出了开孔构件的端距限值和孔间距限值;对腹板开圆孔和长圆孔冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压构件的畸变屈曲稳定系数进行分析并给出了相应的建议计算式。     

冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件畸变屈曲控制研究

基于部分加劲板件的畸变屈曲和局部屈曲的稳定系数比较,提出了冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件畸变屈曲发生于局部屈曲之后或畸变屈曲不发生的临界控制条件;给出了通过构件畸变屈曲计算长度控制畸变屈曲的临界条件;提出一种控制畸变屈曲的构造措施,即在卷边间加设缀板,并通过已有试验对其有效性进行验证,同时推导了卷边间缀板的刚度需求。结果表明：通过构件截面尺寸控制畸变屈曲不发生或发生在局部屈曲之后,可以不考虑构件畸变屈曲的影响,简化冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面构件承载力的计算;计算长度小于畸变屈曲半波长一半的构件不发生畸变屈曲;通过在卷边间加设缀板的构造措施能有效阻止部分加劲板件的转动,构件的畸变屈曲荷载和承载力都有很大的提高,缀板布置间距不同,构件承载力的提高幅度也不同,缀板间距越小,构件承载力提高幅度越大。算例分析表明,满足一定间距和刚度需求的缀板能够提高构件的畸变屈曲承载力或避免畸变屈曲的发生。     

腹板开圆孔冷弯卷边槽钢轴压构件畸变屈曲承载力试验及计算方法

对26根屈服强度为235 MPa的腹板开孔和未开孔冷弯薄壁型钢截面轴压构件进行畸变屈曲承载力试验研究,分析构件的屈曲模式和极限承载力。将我国及北美相关规范计算的构件承载力以及非线性有限元数值模拟结果与试验结果进行分析比较,并对腹板开孔冷弯薄壁型钢截面轴压构件的承载力合理计算模式进行研究。结果表明:对于中等长度腹板开孔冷弯薄壁型钢截面轴压构件主要出现局部、畸变和整体屈曲的相关作用;腹板开孔对构件畸变屈曲稳定承载力有一定的降低作用;采用折减构件有效截面面积的修正方法可计算开孔构件的畸变屈曲稳定承载力;非线性有限元方法可用于腹板开孔冷弯薄壁型钢构件的屈曲模式和极限承载力的分析。     

开孔薄板屈曲性能研究进展

冷弯薄壁型钢开孔构件由于开孔位置的应力集中,开孔部位易提前进入屈服状态,进而降低构件的屈曲承载能力,而分析开孔板件自身的局部屈曲性能是研究开孔构件屈曲稳定性能和承载力的基础和前提。文中总结了国内外对开孔薄板屈曲性能影响因素的研究成果,包括开孔形式和尺寸、受力状态等,最后在分析的基础上给出了开孔薄板屈曲性能研究目前仍需解决的问题。     

腹板开孔冷弯薄壁槽钢构件有限元分析

为研究腹板开孔对冷弯薄壁槽钢非纯弯构件抗弯承载力及屈曲模式的影响,本文选取不同孔洞数目和不同孔洞尺寸的冷弯薄壁槽钢非纯弯构件进行有限元分析。结果表明:开孔较小的构件发生了畸变屈曲为主的失稳模式,开孔较大的构件发生了局部屈曲为主的失稳模式。梯度弯矩对畸变屈曲有较大影响,对局部屈曲有较小影响,导致开孔较小的构件承载力大于不开孔构件承载力,开孔较大构件承载力小于不开孔构件承载力。     

高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压柱畸变屈曲试验研究

本文对550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件畸变屈曲性能进行了试验研究,17根试件的试验结果表明:由于试件局部屈曲一般发生在畸变屈曲之前,促使畸变屈曲提前出现,这种相关作用减弱了构件整体刚度,降低了构件承载力;澳洲规范AS/NZS 4600:1996及北美规范NAS 2004中关于发生畸变屈曲构件承载力的计算方法没有考虑局部屈曲和畸变屈曲相关作用的不利影响。依据试验结果本文提出了一种修正直接强度法的建议计算方法,该法计算结果与试验结果较为接近且偏安全。     

发生畸变屈曲的纵向加劲板的受压试验

采用厚4.0mm,名义屈服应力为235.0MPa的中厚钢板制作板件,并分别设置不同刚度的纵向加劲肋,对此纵向加劲板进行受压破坏试验。对发生畸变屈曲或局部与畸变相关屈曲的纵向加劲板的受压极限承载力和性能进行试验和理论研究,结果表明:临界屈曲模式主要取决于纵向加劲肋的刚度和母板的宽厚比。对于某些加劲板,局部屈曲和畸变屈曲之间的相互作用非常明显。畸变屈曲构件和局部与畸变相关屈曲构件展示了较大的后屈曲强度。研究纵向加劲板的的畸变屈曲强度曲线。采用直接强度法提出设计强度简化公式,用于考虑纵向加劲板的畸变屈曲及局部与畸变相关屈曲。将强度曲线与试验和有限元结果对比,验证了曲线的正确性。通过试验研究,得出有关纵向加劲板的屈曲性能的一些结论。     

Recent research advances on the ECBL approach. Part II: interactive buckling of perforated sections

Perforated cold-formed steel sections are often used in civil engineering as structural members for residential buildings and storage racks construction. In the case of buildings the perforations are provided to permit piping and bridging, while for rack systems they allow for simple connections between members. The load bearing capacity of these sections are influenced not only by the local buckling, global buckling and interaction between these two, but also by the reduction of cross-sectional properties due to perforations. Because of the wide variety in the size and configuration of perforations, it is impossible to provide a practical design procedure to calculate the ultimate strength of such a type of sections. The main objective of this paper is to calibrate an effective design width formula for the perforated sections and, using the ECBL approach, to evaluate an equivalent α imperfection factor for European buckling curves, in order to adapt them for sections with different perforation patterns.     

Finite strip elastic buckling solutions for thin-walled metal columns with perforation patterns

Approximate finite strip eigen-buckling solutions are introduced for local, distortional, flexural, and flexural-torsional elastic buckling of a thin-walled metal column with perforation patterns. These methods are developed to support a calculation-based strength prediction approach for steel pallet rack columns employing the American Iron and Steel Institute׳s Direct Strength Method, however they are generally posed and could also be useful in structural studies of thin-walled thermal or acoustical members made of steel, aluminum, or other metals. The critical elastic global buckling load including perforations is calculated by reducing the finite strip buckling load of the cross-section without perforations using the weighted average of the net and gross cross-sectional moment of inertia along the length of the member for flexural (Euler) buckling, and for flexural-torsional buckling, using the weighted average of both the torsional warping and St. Venant torsional constants. For local buckling, a Rayleigh–Ritz energy solution leads to a reduced thickness stiffened element equation that simulates the influence of decreased longitudinal and transverse plate bending stiffness caused by perforation patterns. The cross-section with these reduced thicknesses is input into a finite strip analysis program to calculate the critical elastic local buckling load. Local buckling at a perforation is also treated with a net section finite strip analysis. For distortional buckling, a reduced thickness equation is derived for the web of an open cross-section to simulate the reduction in its transverse bending stiffness caused by perforation patterns. The approximate elastic buckling methods are validated with a database of 1282 thin shell finite element eigen-buckling models considering five common pallet rack cross-sections featuring web perforations that include 36 perforation dimension combinations and twelve perforation spacing combinations.     

Elastic local buckling of perforated webs of steel cellular beam-column elements

In this study, the finite element method is employed to determine the critical in-plane longitudinal load at which elastic local buckling of the web of cellular beam-column elements occurs. To simplify the simulation of the problem, the interaction between the flanges and perforated web is approximated by modelling the web only as a long plate having aspect ratio (L/h_w≥10) with multiple circular perforations. The utilized model incorporates restrained out-of-plane displacements along the four edges of the plate. Analyzed plates are subjected to linearly varying in-plane loads to simulate various combinations of axial and flexural stresses. The effect of different geometrical parameters on the elastic buckling load of perforated web plate is investigated. These geometrical parameters include the plate’s length and width, and the perforations’ diameter and spacing. Comprehensive finite element analyses are conducted to identify the behaviour of wide spectrum of perforated web plates at buckling under various combinations of axial compressive load and bending moment. Outcomes of the study are expected to enhance the understanding of the elastic local buckling of web plates of cellular beam-column elements.     

Non-prismatic sub-stiffening for stiffened panel plates—Stability behaviour and performance gains

Previous work has demonstrated the potential to introduce plate element sub-stiffening to increase the local stability and thus static strength performance of integrally machined aluminium alloy stiffened panels. The introduction of plate element prismatic sub-stiffening modifies local plate buckling behaviour and within realistic design constraints, may produce sizable performance gains with equivalent mass designs. This article examines through experimental and computational analysis the potential of non-prismatic sub-stiffening for tailoring local plate stability performance. Using non-prismatic sub-stiffening, the experimental work demonstrates potential initial buckling performance gains with equivalent mass designs (+185%), and computationally, potential mass savings with equivalent static strength performance designs (−9.4%).     

卷边翼缘工形截面梁的稳定性能及设计方法

基于大挠度弹塑性板壳有限元分析方法,系统地研究了卷边工形梁在两端等弯矩作用下的失稳机理与稳定承载力,揭示了卷边工形截面构件的局部屈曲、畸变屈曲、整体侧向失稳以及它们之间的相互作用。系统地分析了截面宽高比、腹板高厚比、翼缘宽厚比、长细比等构件参数对侧向稳定承载力的影响,并基于大量的数值计算数据给出了卷边工形梁在两端等弯矩作用下的稳定承载力设计公式,可为规范修订以及工程设计提供依据。     

受弯的冷弯卷边槽钢畸变屈曲强度和其相关屈曲承载力

受弯的冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢基本上有板件局部屈曲,截面畸变屈曲和构件弯扭屈曲三种屈曲模式,随后有它们之间的相关屈曲。由于畸变屈曲模式对缺陷的敏感度高,因此其屈曲后强度提高的幅度远低于局部屈曲模式。但是与局部屈曲模式相比,畸变屈曲模式抵抗破坏的能力却很强。可以用有限单元法计算受弯卷边槽钢截面的畸变屈曲强度。本文介绍了澳大利亚-新西兰标准AS/NZS4600-2005,用手算法计算受弯卷边槽钢截面的弹性畸变屈曲应力,並用直接强度法计算其相关的屈曲承载力。     

钢桥塔内部通行孔选型及有限元分析

钢桥塔内部通行孔对受压壁板力学性能产生不利影响。基于有限元分析,研究不同孔洞形状和孔洞大小对单轴受压开孔板弹性应力分布、弹性屈曲和弹塑性屈曲三方面性能的影响。结果表明:除圆孔外的其他各种孔型板,孔洞形状对开孔板弹性屈曲应力和弹塑性极限强度影响不大,但其对应力集中系数影响较大,其中,圆角矩形孔、长圆形孔和椭圆形孔板的应力集中系数较低。实际情况中,圆角矩形孔和长圆形孔板是钢桥塔内部通行孔的首选。但当孔径较大时,应采取孔洞补强措施来保证大孔径板件的力学性能满足设计要求。     

Equivalent thickness of cold-formed thin-walled channel sections with perforated webs under compression

Cold-formed thin-walled channel sections with perforated webs (thermal studs) are widely used in external wall panels in cold regions to reduce the cold bridging effect. However, no design method appears to be available for this type of structure. A possible method is to convert the perforated web of a thermal stud into a solid one with a reduced thickness (which is referred to as the equivalent thickness) and then adopt an existing design method for solid sections (e.g. EN 1993-1-3). This paper presents the development of a method to calculate the equivalent web thickness. The equivalent thickness calculation equation is based on regression analysis of a large number of finite element simulation results of elastic local buckling strength of perforated plates under compression, considering the effects of a number of different design variables such as plate depth, thickness, perforation patterns and dimensions of the plate. The FE simulations were carried out using a general FE software. This study suggests that the equivalent thickness is mainly related to the plate width to thickness ratio, the total width of perforation at the critical section and the width of the perforation zone (total plate width between the first and last perforation). A regression equation has been proposed to relate the equivalent thickness to these parameters. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed equivalent thickness method, the compression strengths of a large range of perforated columns have been simulated by using either the original perforated sections or the equivalent solid section; and a comparison of the simulation results shows good agreement between the two sets of results.     

Finite element modelling of cold-formed steel beams under local buckling or combined local/distortional buckling

The finite element (FE) method is capable of solving the complex interactive buckling of cold-formed steel beams allowing for all important governing features such as geometrical imperfections, material nonlinearity, postbuckling, etc.; this is unlikely to be achieved by analytical methods. In this paper, two series of finite element models for buckling behaviour of laterally-restrained cold-formed steel Z-section beams have been developed with special reference to material and geometrical nonlinearities: one to allow for the possibility of combined local/distortional buckling and the other to allow for local buckling only. Four-point bending tests carried out by previous researchers have been used to verify the FE models. A simplified configuration of the test setup has been modelled in ABAQUS. In the local buckling FE models, distortional buckling has been restricted in the member using translational springs applied to the lip/flange corner of the beam. Predictions of load carrying capacity and deformed shapes exhibit excellent agreement with both the results from the more extensive models and laboratory tests. Further papers will exploit the developed FE models to investigate the different forms of buckling that occur in laterally-restrained cold-formed steel beams i.e. local, distortional and combined local/distortional.     

局部屈曲或局部和畸变屈曲综合作用下冷弯型钢梁的有限元模拟

有限元法可以解决冷弯钢梁复杂的相关联屈曲问题,其中包括很多重要的关键因素:几何缺陷、材料非线性和后屈曲等。也是该方法与其他分析方法的不同之处。根据特定的冷弯Z型钢梁的材料和几何非线性建立了两类研究屈曲性能的有限元模型。其中,一个模型用于分析局部和畸变屈曲综合作用,而另一个仅用于分析局部屈曲。通过先前的四点弯曲试验证实了有限元模型的有效性。利用ABAQUS软件,模拟了一个简化的试验装置。在局部屈曲有限元模型中,通过在梁翼缘角部设置弹簧以防止畸变屈曲。由于更多的模型与试验结果相吻合,证实了对承载力和变形的预测。未来的研究将优化有限元模型,以得到侧向受约束的冷弯型钢梁不同的屈曲形式,如:局部,畸变或局部与畸变综合作用。