MAP法处理焦化废水中氨氮的工艺研究

焦化废水中氨氮的排放已带来了严重的环境问题,而化学沉淀法(MAP法)是近年来出现的有效处理氨氮废水的工艺技术。本文采用了化学沉淀法处理模拟焦化废水中的氨氮。通过正交模拟试验,确定了pH值、氨氮的初始浓度、反应温度、反应时间和沉淀剂投加量n(Mg2+)∶n(PO3-4)∶n(NH+4)等五个重要工艺条件的最佳值,在此工艺条件下,氨氮去除率达到了98.73%。     

化学沉淀法去除焦化废水中氨氮的影响因素研究

采用化学沉淀法,对唐山市某公司焦化废水中的氨氮去除进行试验研究。通过配制模拟废水,选取p H值、氨氮的初始浓度、反应温度、反应时间和沉淀剂投加量[n(Mg2+)∶n(PO3-4)∶n(NH+4)]等五个重要工艺条件,分别进行平行试验,确定最佳反应条件。在该条件下,对该公司焦化废水中的氨氮进行处理,取得较高的去除率。     

镁剂烟气脱硫废水用于废水脱氮除磷技术研究

将含有2 g/L镁离子的镁剂烟气脱硫废水用于废水脱氮除磷,探讨了影响废水脱氮除磷效率的因素。结果表明,对NH3-N为578 mg/L、PO43--P为1 352 mg/L的废水,当n(Mg2+)∶n(NH4+)∶n(PO43-)=2∶1∶1.6,pH=9.5,反应时间为10 min,搅拌转速为300 r/min时,氨氮去除率可达到80%,磷酸盐去除率达到91.5%。脱氮除磷的产物磷酸铵镁(MAP)可以用做缓释肥等。将镁剂烟气脱硫废水用于废水脱氮除磷,可达到以废治废的目的,该技术具有良好的应用前景。     

生物质煤气废水氨氮脱除的研究

生物质煤气废水是一种新出现的高浓度氨氮有机废水.作者采用化学沉淀法去除该废水中的氨氮,研究了不同沉淀剂、pH、温度和搅拌时间对氨氮去除效果的影响.结果表明,MgCl2 Na3PO4·12H2O明显优于其他沉淀剂组合.当n(Mg2 )∶n(NH4 )∶n(PO3-4)=1∶1∶1、pH 10.0、温度30 ℃、搅拌时间30 min时,废水中的氨氮质量浓度从处理前的222 mg/L降到17 mg/L,去除率为92.3%.     

MAP法处理氨氮废水的研究

通过单因素变量实验研究了MAP法处理氨氮废水的处理效果,分析了反应温度、pH值、反应物投放比例和氨氮浓度对氨氮去除率的影响。实验表明,温度为30℃,pH=9.5～10,n(Mg2+)∶n(PO34-)∶n(NH4+)=1∶1.2∶1时,氨氮去除率分别达到最佳;在相同条件下,一定浓度范围内,随着氨氮浓度的增加,去除效果有增加的趋势。     

MAP法去除联碱生产清洗水中氨氮的研究

以联碱生产清洗废水为研究对象,探索了p H值、化学药剂投放配比、反应时间、不同镁源材料对MAP法去除氨氮的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为室温(25±1)℃,p H值为10.5,物质的量比n(Mg2+)∶n(PO43-)∶n(NH4+)为1.2∶1∶1时,氨氮去除效果最佳,去除率达到98.4%;可溶性镁源优于Mg O,其中Mg Cl2·6H2O的效果更好;碱业生产废水的氨氮去除率和残留浓度随氨氮初始浓度而变化,中等浓度时,氨氮去除率较高、氨氮残留浓度和磷残留浓度较低,氨氮初始浓度为1000~3000 mg/L,氨氮残留浓度皆在50 mg/L以下,MAP法可有效降低后续深度处理负荷,同时获得缓释肥。     

高镁磷尾矿处理氨氮废水的试验探究

高镁磷尾矿的利用率较低,不断堆存会造成环境问题,本文采用高镁磷尾矿处理氨氮废水以达到以废治废的效果。本试验采用了磷酸镁铵化学沉淀法来处理模拟氨氮废水,探究其最佳反应条件,并在此基础上对不同浓度的实际氨氮废水进行处理。在pH=7、n(Mg²⁺)∶n(PO₄^3-)∶n(NH₄⁺)=3.8∶1∶0.48、18℃、50 min反应条件下氨氮去除率为98.92%,氨氮浓度达到《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。对实际氨氮废水进行处理,得到初始氨氮浓度越高,氨氮去除率越高。处理后液体达到了《污水综合排放标准》中氨氮排放的二级排放标准。所得的沉淀物达到了磷酸镁铵肥料级标准,无毒害。     

高浓度氨氮废水治理的实验研究

利用化学沉淀法,在实验室研究了稀土生产碳沉工艺分离废水中的氨氮处理,讨论了酸度、投料量及投料顺序等工艺条件对去除率的影响。结果表明:pH为9.0,NH4+:M gO:H3PO4的摩尔比为1∶1.4∶1,加料顺序为M gO→水样(NH4+)→PO43-时,为最佳处理条件,经过一次性处理,废水中氨氮浓度为8.7m g.L-1,去除率可达到98.79%。     

磷酸铵镁法处理高浓度氨氮废水的研究

研究采用磷酸铵镁沉淀法,以MgO和Na2HPO4·12H2O为沉淀剂对4 028 mg/L的模拟高浓度氨氮废水进行处理,考察了pH和药剂配比对磷酸铵镁法沉淀效率的影响,获得磷酸铵镁法对高浓度氨氮废水的最佳处理条件为pH=9.5、MgO与Na2HPO4·12H2O药剂以及废水中氨氮物质的量比(n(Mg)∶n(P)∶n(N)]为2.4∶0.95∶1.在最佳条件下,利用磷酸铵镁法对模拟高浓度氨氮废水中的氨氮去除率为93.6%,对实际工业废水中的氨氮去除率为90%.     

鸟粪石-Fenton氧化处理老龄垃圾渗滤液的试验

采用鸟粪石法与Fenton试剂氧化法联合处理垃圾渗滤液,探索了两种方法联合处理的最优条件。结果表明两种方法联合处理能很好地发挥各自的优势。鸟粪石法在初始p H为9.5、n(Mg2+)∶n(PO3-4)∶n(NH+4)=1.3∶1.2∶1、搅拌反应时间为30 min时,且Fenton试剂氧化法在初始p H为3.5、H2O2投加量为0.03 mol/L、n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=4∶1、搅拌反应时间为2 h时,COD去除率达到86.68%,氨氮去除率达到92.27%。该处理效果明显优于单独采用鸟粪石法的处理效果(其氨氮去除率约85%、COD去除率为15%~20%)、单独采用Fenton试剂法的处理效果(其COD去除率约55%、氨氮去除率几乎为零)及两种方法顺序调换的处理效果(其COD去除率约40%、氨氮去除率约20%)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。