5G通信背景下物理层安全技术研究

5G通信技术的迅速发展给通信安全提出了更高的要求,作为无线安全的颠覆性革命技术,物理层安全(Physical Layer Security,PLS)技术是实现安全与通信一体化的关键手段。物理层安全技术的本质是利用无线信道特性的内生安全机制,为“一次一密”提供一种可行思路。首先,对通信系统的各协议层以及不同协议层存在的安全威胁和漏洞进行了简单介绍;接着,针对物理层存在的安全问题,对目前所使用的物理层安全研究方向进行了总结和描述;最后,基于物理层密钥生成技术和物理层加密技术,提出了可采用的安全方案,着重介绍了基于调制的物理层加密技术和基于编码的物理层加密技术,从而保证系统的安全性能。     

5G通信背景下物理层安全技术研究

在通信安全发展的过程中,5G技术的诞生使通信安全的要求更加严格。物理层安全技术便是一种能够实现将安全与通信融为一体的关键技术,亦可认为物理层的安全技术是无线安全的革命性技术。物理层安全技术的本质在于可以有效地利用无线通信的特性,也就是无线通信的内生安全机制,做到"一次一密"的安全性传输。因此,针对5G通信背景下的物理层安全技术,本文将展开研究,首先分析5G通信的基本安全需求,再简要讨论物理层安全技术的具体内容,而后说明物理层加密传输技术中的密钥生成技术与物理层加密技术,希望可以有效加强通讯系统物理层的安全性能。     

卫星通信中量子安全协议的研究

随着信息安全需求的不断增长,卫星通信技术在量子安全通信中的应用备受关注。文中旨在深入探讨卫星通信中的量子安全协议,并强调了技术性和专业性。首先,介绍了量子通信的基础知识,包括量子通信概述和量子密钥分发协议。其次,概述了卫星通信技术及其应用,包括卫星通信系统的概览和卫星通信在安全通信中的应用。然后,详细讨论了卫星通信中的量子安全协议,包括BB84协议在卫星通信中的实现、E91协议及其卫星通信应用以及基于量子密钥分发的卫星通信方案。此外,对量子卫星通信的安全性进行了评估,并提出了卫星通信与地面站协同工作的优化策略。最后,总结了研究的主要发现,并指出了未来的研究方向。     

无线物理层密钥生成技术发展及新的挑战

物理层安全技术从信息论安全理论出发,保障通信安全,是实现安全与通信一体化的关键手段,逐渐成为国内外研究热点。该文围绕无线通信物理层密钥生成技术研究,主要聚焦在物理层密钥生成技术的理论模型,机制机理和研究现状,重点对比分析了两种不同类型密钥生成算法,即源型密钥生成算法和信道型密钥生成算法的区别和联系,揭示了物理层密钥技术利用通信信道内在安全属性促进通信安全的实质。特别地,该文给出了一种可行的物理层密钥生成5G工程实现框架。最后,该文展望了物理层密钥生成技术未来可能的研究方向。     

基于OFDM技术的电力线通信系统DSP+FPGA软硬件设计与实现

本文通过对物理层平台的软硬件设计,搭建了低压电力线通信物理层实验平台,使用双核数字信号处理芯片,完成高效的基于OFDM技术的点对点通信,为宽带电力线通信技术的广泛应用提供了有益的参考。     

卫星通信新技术现状与展望

卫星通信技术已成为陆海空天一体化信息网络系统的重要组成部分。介绍了卫星通信新技术中星上载荷、物理层传输、卫星通信天线和更高频段卫星通信等技术的现状,深入分析了它们的发展趋势,提出了有待进一步研究的关键技术,为我国卫星通信系统设计提供借鉴和思路。     

空天地通信网络中物理层安全技术综述

空天地一体化通信网络是未来无线通信的发展趋势,其固有的广播特性和广阔的覆盖区域,将导致网络通信系统面临严重的安全威胁。如何保证空天地通信网络的安全性是一个亟待解决的问题。物理层安全技术作为一种有效的安全手段,在无线通信领域受到越来越多的关注。介绍了物理层安全的基础以及空天地通信信道模型,并对物理层安全中常见的窃听编码、波束成形、人工噪声、中继协作干扰和物理层密钥加密等技术进行了介绍和总结,最后提出了空天地通信网络中物理层安全面临的挑战和未来的发展趋势。     

无线通信物理层安全防护设计与性能分析

目前无线通信系统主要在物理层之上部署安全防护措施，开放的无线信道使通信系统面临着易被攻击、干扰和截获等安全威胁。物理层安全技术是一种解决无线空口安全传输问题的有效途径。首先阐述了物理层安全技术的内涵和发展现状，其次提出了一种物理层安全传输系统模型，最后在该模型上完成了部分关键技术工程验证、通信性能试验、低检测能力测试和安全性评估。试验结果表明，物理层安全技术能够有效提高无线通信系统的安全防护能力。     

卫星通信系统安全技术综述

由于空间环境的特殊性,地面网络中的安全机制不能直接用于卫星通信.介绍了卫星通信系统安全技术的最新进展.首先从空间信道环境、卫星节点能力、星座网络结构等方面指出了卫星通信系统的安全弱点.然后总结了物理层、数据链路层、网络层和传输层所面临的安全威胁和防护对策.着重介绍了抗损毁技术、抗干扰技术、认证机制和密钥管理协议,并对有代表性的安全策略进行了分析、对比和讨论.最后对卫星通信系统安全技术发展方向做出预测.     

5G物理层安全技术——以通信促安全

作为无线安全的颠覆性革命技术,物理层安全技术是实现安全与通信一体化的关键手段。物理层安全技术的本质是利用无线信道特性的内生安全机制,为"一次一密"提供一种可行思路。源于通信能力的提升,无线物理层安全在5G高速率数据传输加密、5G鉴权认证、增强型移动宽带(eMBB)场景信令、业务数据完整性保护和5G物联网场景轻量级加密等方面有着重要的应用前景。为了进一步实现物理层安全在5G中的应用,还提出了一种可行的物理层安全5G工程实现框架。     

Space time frequency coding for dual polarization MIMO in hybrid mobile satellite system

The hybrid mobile satellite system operating in a single frequency network （SFN） mode is increasingly becoming attractive. The combination of satellite component （SC） and terrestrial component （TC） promises a better quality of service （QoS）. Multimedia broadcast and multicast services （MBMS） are expected to be prevailed in this kind of system. Several space frequency （SF） or space time （ST） codes have been proposed to enhance the system performance due to the lack of reverse link and omni-directional transmission. However, they mostly consider the system with only one SC and one TC and fail to make full use of available diversities. This paper presents a novel way to realize the dual polarization multiple input multiple output （MIMO） transmission by using the space time frequency （STF） code. The theoretical analysis and simulations indicate that the application of STF code can improve the system performance dramatically. A higher diversity gain can be achieved due to the cooperative transmission of SC and TC, while the coding gain can be enhanced by the reusing of STF code between SCs or TCs. Even if some of the links are lost, it can still work properly and benefit from the STF code. The relative relay can result in a degradation up to 0.5 dB in the coding gain.     

Comparison of diversity combining techniques for Rayleigh-fadingchannels

Several methods of diversity combining for a Rayleigh-faded channel are evaluated and compared. The methods considered are, for coherent reception, maximal ratio combining (MRC), selection combining (SC), and a generalization of SC, whereby the two (three) signals with the two (three) largest amplitudes are coherently combined. We will call this method second (third) order SC, and denote it SC2 (SC3). Similar techniques are also investigated for noncoherent reception, with equal gain combining (EGC) replacing MRC, and noncoherent versions of SC2 and SC3. Numerical results indicate that SC2 and SC3 significantly enhances the bit-error rate (BER) performance relative to that achievable with SC, and under certain conditions approaches the performance achieved by MRC or EGG. The performance enhancement of SC2 and SC3 is especially noticable for noncoherent reception, where EGC is seen to provide the best performance only for low BER values. In fact, when the BER is 10 ^-3 or greater, SC2 and SC3 performed comparably to EGG, and in some cases performed better than EGC     

Filter bank‐based multiple access in next‐generation satellite uplinks: A DVB‐RCS2‐based experimental study

In the context of the on‐going evolution of satellite communications (SatCom) systems to their next generation, and in the direction of their integration with fifth generation (5G) terrestrial networks, it is of interest to study in depth the applicability in realistic SatCom of waveforms that have shown promise to meet the 5G requirements. This paper presents a comparative study, based on total degradation (TD) over a range of output back‐off (OBO) values, on out‐of‐band emission and spectral efficiency, of frequency division multiple access (FDMA) schemes employing offset quadrature amplitude modulation‐based filter bank multi‐carrier (FBMC /OQAM), classical orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), and their single‐carrier counterparts to illustrate the potential gains from the integration of the FBMC waveforms in the satellite context and standards. The air interface simulated follows the digital video broadcasting (DVB) family of standards for the satellite uplink, considering both time and frequency synchronization impairments and two typical input constellations. Our results confirm the superiority of the single‐carrier (SC) schemes in such a nonlinear environment. The SC‐FBMC waveform is shown to be the most practical candidate since it is shown to attain a TD performance similar to that of SC‐OFDM at absolutely no cost in spectral efficiency.     

Projected least-squares algorithms for constrained FIR filter design

Constrained finite-impulse response (FIR) filter design with time- and frequency-domain linear constraints can be generally transformed into a, or a series of, constrained least-squares problems, which can be generally reformulated as positive definite quadratic programming (QP) problems. This paper presents a novel algorithm referred to as a projected least-squares (PLS) algorithm for the positive definite QP problems. The PLS algorithm essentially projects the unconstrained (least-squares) minimization solution successively onto the boundaries of active constraints that are identified by an active-set strategy. The PLS algorithm has been applied to the constrained least-squares design of FIR filters directly, and to the constrained Chebyshev design of FIR filters in an iterative fashion. The PLS algorithm is compared with the most widely used interior-point methods and an active-set method through design examples of low-pass filters with specified passband and stopband ripples, Nyquist filter constraints and step response constraints. All these examples demonstrate the high efficiency of the PLS algorithm.     

SBS TDMA-DA system with VAC and DAC

This paper describes many of the design considerations involved in developlng the demand assignment (DA) subsystem of the TDMA satellite communication system for Satellite Business Systems. Each earth station has a satellite communications controller (SCC) which requests capacity to meet current voice and data traffic demands. A central reference station frequently reallocates capacity based on the requests of all the earth stations in a network. To minimize the amount of satellite capacity required, the SCC has a circuit-switching capability for voice calls as well as for digital data calls. Furthermore, the SCC employs voice activity, compression (VAC) and data activity cornpression (DAC), In which the amount of capacity requested is based on measured average speech activity as well as the number of off-hook voice ports and the number of off-hook data ports. Data calls are queued on a first-come, first-served basis when capacity is not immediateiy available. The reference station distributes excess capacity according to a nonlinear table lookup procedure so that the voice call blocking probability is equalized across the network. The DA system makes much more efficient use of satellite transmission capacity than a design with fixed-capacity trunk routes.     

Comparing the indirect field-oriented control with a scalar method

Two methods of induction motor control are examined. The indirect field-oriented (IFO) and the slip-control (SC) methods are formally compared. Their block diagrams are derived, analyzed and their similarities shown. It is demonstrated that the difference between the two is just due to a feedforward block that computes the current phase to be supplied to the motor in an IFO controller. This proves that the implementation complexity of either controller is almost identical. To perform comparative tests, both control methods were implemented using a single hardware. The torque rise time and frequency response of the speed control are presented. Based on experimental results, it is shown that the speed sensor resolution and the sampling rate of the controller strongly influence the dynamic response in the IFO method. The SC method is less sensitive to these parameters although it always presented a worse dynamic response. The IFO speed control presented a flat frequency response whereas the SC method presented a peak which could lead to an oscillatory speed response. It is also shown that the variation of the rotor electrical time constant influences strongly and in a similar way both control methods. Finally, it can be concluded that the implementation complexity of both control strategies are almost identical, although the IFO control method has a much better performance than the SC control method.<>     

基于iPLS原理最优化信息区间的桃糖度组合权重PLS模型研究

采用反向区间偏最小二乘法和组合区间偏最小二乘法优化桃糖度可见/近红外光谱的信息区间组合,在选择的信息区间基础上提出了建立一种线性组合权重PLS模型的方法。对近红外光谱进行二阶导数处理、卷积平滑校正后,在区间分割数为15时筛选结果最优,BiPLS所选择的信息区间为742~770nm和 862~920nm,SiPLS所选择的信息区间为742~770nm、832~860nm和892~920nm;直接组合信息区间BiPLS和SiPLS模型的RMSEP值分别为0.386和0.308;线性组合权重PLS模型的RMSEP值分别为0.351和0.364。结果说明在近红外定量分析中,建立线性组合权重模型具有克服复杂样品各信息区间对PLS建模贡献率不一样的问题。     

Throughput performance of parallel and repetition coding in incremental decode-and-forward relaying

The throughput performance of cooperative repetition and parallel coding in incremental decode-and-forward is investigated. Four transmission methods are considered: parallel coding with and without distributed space-time coding (PC-ST and PC, respectively); and repetition coding with and without Chase combining at the destination (RC and SC, respectively). The analysis is based on the mutual information seen at the receiver for each scheme. Exact expressions for the outage probability and throughput for all methods are derived. Both ad-hoc and infra-structured relaying scenarios are investigated. Results show that SC can perform very close to RC, PC and PC-ST in terms of throughput, specially in the case of infra-structured relaying or adequate power and rate allocation. The conclusion is that SC would be a better option in practice, since it requires a simpler receiver than PC-ST, PC, and RC.     

基于相关的SFFT的卫星信号捕获算法

GPS(Global Positioning System)接收机中,常用的捕获方法有时域串行捕获方法、基于FFT( Fast Fourier Transform)的并行频率捕获方法和基于FFT的并行码相位捕获方法,但在某些应用场景下,会对卫星信号的捕获速度提出更高的要求,因此给出了一种基于相关的SFFT(Sparse Fast Fourier Transform)的卫星信号快速捕获算法。该算法结合卫星信号伪随机码的强自相关性的特性,将原有的SFFT的幅度估值去掉,利用时域串行的捕获方法,将SFFT算法中输出的大值坐标点对应的本地伪码与接收卫星信号做相关,进而捕获卫星信号。通过实验对算法进行验证,并与已有的卫星信号捕获方法进行对比,结果表明该方法能有效地运用于卫星信号捕获中,并且该算法的运算量要比传统捕获算法更低。      

实测卫星频谱占用状态拟合与预测方法

由于在不同时间、不同空间卫星接收数据底噪是动态起伏的,传统建模固定门限的方法存在缺陷。本文在时间维度上对卫星频谱感知数据的频谱占用模型进行分析,利用自适应阈值法确定噪声门限,对卫星频谱数据进行预处理,得到卫星频谱占用长度序列。为对卫星频谱的态势进行有效的统计分析,利用泊松分布和指数分布方法对频谱占用时间长度序列的概率密度曲线进行拟合,得到了适用于卫星频谱占用时间序列的概率分布模型。基于所得的卫星频谱占用状态模型,通过两状态马尔可夫链计算出卫星信道某一频点的状态转移矩阵,从而预测出信道占用和空闲的概率。利用卫星频谱感知数据构建的数据集进行反向传播(BP)神经网络训练,预测某一频点的占用长度。通过计算BP神经网络与传统的长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络预测法的均方根误差(RMSE),得到LSTM神经网络的RMSE为2.208 1,BP神经网络的RMSE为0.172 8。评估结果表明,BP神经网络准确度高。