植物油抽提溶剂油萃取工艺参数的优化

分析植物油抽提溶剂油萃取生产中系统结焦的原因,在现有的工艺和设备条件下对运行参数进行优化调整,延缓了装置运行的结焦速率,提高了装置的加工能力。     

Optimization of an Aqueous Extraction Process for Pomegranate Seed Oil

Response surface methodology employing a five-level, four-variable central composite rotatable design was applied to study the effects of extraction time, extraction temperature, pH and water/solid ratio on the extraction yield of pomegranate seed oil using an aqueous extraction approach. In addition, quality indices, fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of the obtained oil were studied and compared with those of typical hexane-, cold press- and hot press-extracted oil. Aqueous extraction resulted in the maximum oil recovery of 19.3% (w/w), obtained under the following critical values: water/solid ratio (2.2:1.0, mL/g), pH 5.0, extraction temperature = 63 °C and extraction time = 375 min. This yield is lower than that obtained via hexane extraction (26.8%, w/w) and higher than the yields from cold press (7.0%, w/w) and hot press (8.6%, w/w) extraction. A comparison of the characteristics of the oils based on extraction method revealed that the unsaturated fatty acid content was highest for the oil obtained by aqueous extraction. In addition, higher levels of iodine and peroxide and lower levels of acid, p-anisidine and unsaponifiable matter were observed. The oil obtained with aqueous extraction also exhibited higher antioxidant activity than oils obtained by hexane or hot press extraction.     

绿茶中茶多酚提取工艺的优化

采用有机溶剂提取绿茶中的茶多酚。通过正交实验确定最佳提取工艺为:以体积分数为65%的乙醇为提取溶剂,在料液比为1∶20(g∶mL)、提取温度为70℃的条件下提取3次,每次40min,在提取液中加入2.0g CaCl2在pH值为8.0时进行沉淀,茶多酚提取率可达到25.24%。该方法操作简单、成本低、提取率高,对工业生产具有一定指导意义。     

胡萝卜中β-胡萝卜素提取工艺的优化研究

采用有机溶剂浸泡法从新鲜胡萝卜中提取β-胡萝卜素,比较不同提取剂的提取效率,确定提取效率较好的提取剂,并优化了提取工艺条件(如提取剂、料液比、提取温度、提取时间等).结果表明,采用丙酮:甲醇(体积比)=7 ∶2的混合溶剂作为提取剂,在料液比(g:mL)为1∶4、提取温度为40℃的条件下提取1h,再用石油醚萃取2次,提取...     

Efficient Extraction of Fuel Oil Hydrocarbons from Wood

Abstract

Sequential cold (room temperature) extraction from aged contaminated wood samples (southern yellow pine) with acetone followed by n‐pentane (upon a 3–4 days of sample incubation with each solvent) yielded more than 90% analyte recovery for both ambient (natural moisture content) and water‐submerged wood, significantly exceeding the recoveries obtained with one‐step extraction using single solvents and/or their mixtures. By contrast, a much faster ultrasound/Soxhlet extraction led to a virtually complete analyte recovery while using a 1∶1 mixture of these two solvents. Evidence obtained indicates that a possible role for the first solvent, acetone (in addition to collection of loose analyte), is the removal of an aqueous barrier surrounding the strongly adsorbed hydrocarbon, thus enabling its extraction by the second (non‐polar) solvent. For larger analyte concentrations (>60 mg n‐hexadecane/g wood), the high‐affinity binding sites became saturated (yielding 5–10 mg unrecovered analyte/g wood), and then a single solvent was sufficient for a near‐quantitative extraction.     

正交实验优选青皮挥发油提取工艺

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了中药青皮中的挥发油.以挥发油提取量为考察指标,以粉碎度、浸泡时间、提取时间为考察因素进行正交实验,优选了最佳提取工艺.结果表明,提取时间对青皮挥发油的提取有极显著影响(P＜0.01),粉碎度影响显著(P＜0.05),浸泡时间无显著影响(P＞0.05).最佳提取工艺条件为:药材粉碎过80目筛,浸泡2 h,提取7 h.优选得到的工艺稳定可行.     

Accelerated Solvent Extraction Improves Efficiency of Lipid Removal from Dry Pet Food While Limiting Lipid Oxidation

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was evaluated for extracting lipids from baked and extruded dry pet foods to determine factors controlling extraction efficiency and effects on lipid oxidation. Hydroperoxide decomposition and new lipid oxidation were minimal at 40 °C but increased at higher extraction temperatures without increasing yields. Maximum extraction required grinding samples to 250 µm particles, presence of polar solvents [chloroform, chloroform/methanol 2:1 (v/v) mixed, hexane/methanol 2:1 (v/v)], and a minimum of 20 min total static extraction time in repeat extraction cycles. Hexane and methanol injected into extraction cells simultaneously but separately was able to nearly duplicate extractions of chloroform/methanol, providing an option for replacing toxic chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents in ASE. However, lipid oxidation was higher in hexane. Yields were quantitative in baked biscuits but lower in extruded kibbles due to more dense, complex molecular structures. ASE extraction yields of 40 min or less were comparable to manual extraction yields of 24–48 h, with lower oxidation. Overall, one or two ASE extraction cycles with static times less than 20 min appeared to provide adequate lipid yields that accurately reflect lipid composition while inducing minimal modification when lipid oxidation products are the analytical endpoint.     

大路沟集输站污水综合处理方法研究

根据大路沟集输站污水组成、性质特点,详细分析大路沟集输站回注水质不达标的原因,并研究出有效的污水处理方法,能最大限度地提高该站污水的处理效率和回注水水质。     

山楂中黄酮类化合物提取工艺条件优化

对乙醇浸提法提取山楂黄酮的工艺条件进行了优化。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶60（g∶mL）、乙醇体积分数70%、提取时间7h、提取温度50℃,在此条件下提取率达到2.80%,提取效果稳定。     

炼油碱渣废水处理——萃取脱酚实验研究

碱渣废水是炼油厂油品精制过程产生的高浓含酚废水。本文选用磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)煤油溶液 ,研究了不同 p H值、温度、溶剂比条件下体系的萃取性能。实验表明 ,经三级萃取后废水酚含量由 10 76 7mg/ L降至 5 0 mg/ L以下 ,脱酚率高于 99.5 %。     

采油废水回注处理技术

采油废水处理后回注是减少环境污染,保障油田可持续开发的一个重要途径。较系统地介绍了采油废水处理技术和国内外最新发展动态,着重对膜分离技术处理采油废水方法进行了分析、比较和讨论,认为膜分离技术处理采油废水具有广阔的发展前景。     

从发酵液中提取达托霉素的工艺优化

通过对迭托霉素发酵液预处理、溶剂萃取、结晶、干燥得到达托霉素粗品。确定了以pH值6．5～7．5的缓冲溶液作为浸提溶剂、加入5～8BV丙酮进行冷藏结晶的优化提取工艺。该工艺简单、经济,适合工业化生产。     

溶剂和提取方法对苍耳子油提取的影响

为了有效提高苍耳子油的提取效率,考察了提取溶剂和提取方法对其提取率的影响.在5种常用提取溶剂(乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、二氯甲烷和环己烷)中,采用索氏提取法时二氯甲烷的提取率最高,采用微波法时乙醇的提取率最高.另外,采用微波法提取的苍耳子油的得率略低于索氏提取法,但微波法的提取效率更高,提取时间节省近30倍,溶剂消耗节省2倍.综合考虑,微波法提取具有更大的优势.     

炼油碱渣废水处理萃取剂反萃再生实验研究

研究了磷酸三丁酯 (TBP) 煤油络合萃取剂的再生问题。萃取剂采用碱洗反萃的方式再生 ,系统地研究了反萃再生条件对萃取剂再生效果的影响。实验表明 ,经三级错流萃取后萃取剂含酚量可由约 6 0 0 0 0mg/L降至10 0 0mg/L以下 ,满足了萃取剂循环使用的要求     

Analysis of Triacylglycerols and Free Fatty Acids in Algae Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

To assess the suitability of microalgal strains for biodiesel production the lipid content and composition, especially individual triacylglycerols (TAG) and free fatty acids (FFA) must be determined. In this study, the compositions and concentrations of TAG and FFA were analysed in four halophytic algal species, Dunaliella salina, D. tertiolecta, D. bardawil, and D. granulata. These species were selected as part of a larger screen to identify species suitable for biofuel feedstocks. An accelerated solvent extraction instrument was used for lipids and fatty acid extraction using a dichloromethane–hexane solvent system. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) detection was optimized and applied to the quantitative analysis of TAG and FFA in the different algal extracts. Individual TAG were characterized structurally using direct electrospray ionization (ESI) MS and MS/MS techniques. Cationic adducts (NH₄ ⁺) of TAG were detected and quantified in the positive ESI MS and MS/MS modes, while the negative ESI mode was used for FFA analysis. Over 20 TAG were identified and quantified in the four Dunaliella strains. Analysis of FFA compositions demonstrated that the most abundant FFA in these four algal species were palmitic, linolenic, linoleic, and oleic acids.     

乙酸仲丁酯在山茶油提取中的应用研究

在食品安全性要求日渐严格的背景下,文章使用不含硫和芳烃的绿色环保溶剂乙酸仲丁酯替代植物油抽提溶剂,实现了山茶油的提取。通过对各影响因素进行系统研究,获得了乙酸仲丁酯作抽提溶剂的最佳工艺参数:温度50℃,3∶1的溶剂比,提取时间为1 h,在该优化条件下的出油率可达到96.7%,明显优于同等条件下的乙酸乙酯、石油醚(60~90℃)、正己烷和乙醇。经简单的减压蒸馏分离回收溶剂,其溶剂残留率为11%,仅比正己烷高出4%。乙酸仲丁酯用以取代植物油抽提溶剂将具有可行性。     

超临界CO_2萃取烟草精油的工艺研究

以烟草为材料,以精油提取率、新植二烯提取率、精油品质为评价指标,通过单因素实验考察夹带剂乙醇的体积分数、夹带剂流量、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响。在此基础上,通过正交实验优选萃取工艺条件为:94%乙醇为夹带剂、夹带剂流量0.04mL·min-1、萃取压力25MPa、萃取温度50℃、CO2流量2.0L·min-1、萃取时间3.0h,在此条件下萃取的精油金黄透亮,夹带剂残留少,精油提取率为37.58mg·g-1,新植二烯提取率为4.045mg·g-1。     

苹果渣中苹果多酚的提取工艺优化

采用有机溶剂提取法从苹果渣中提取苹果多酚,研究了提取溶剂乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间对苹果多酚提取量的影响。通过单因素实验及正交实验确定苹果多酚的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取溶剂乙醇体积分数70%、料液比1∶25(g∶mL)、提取温度30℃、提取时间40min,此条件下苹果多酚的提取量为2.982mg.g-1。     

抗生素生产废水处理工艺分析

抗生素生产废水是目前公认的毒性强、处理难度大的工业废水之一。废水中含有高浓度有机物和悬浮固体颗粒,化学需氧量较高,如果不经过处理就排放,将破坏天然水质的自净能力,引起水质污染。分析抗生素合成过程中的废水处理工艺现状的基础上,提出增加二沉池、污泥回收等改进措施,通过数据测算分析,改进措施取得了明显效果。