微合金化Cu-Ni-Sn-P合金的组织和性能

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、显微维氏硬度计和涡流电导率仪,分析了不同镍锡比对Cu-Ni-Sn-P合金铸态、固溶态及时效态组织和性能的影响,从而优化了Cu-Ni-Sn-P合金中镍和锡元素的成分配比,同时研究了不同形变热处理工艺对Cu-0.87Ni-1.82Sn-0.07P合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Ni∶Sn为1∶2时Cu-Ni-Sn-P合金(Cu-0.87Ni-1.82Sn-0.07P合金)的综合性能最佳,固溶时效处理后硬度最高达119.9 HV0.5,电导率为35.0%IACS。时效前经过30%预冷轧变形能提高时效峰值硬度,450 ℃时效后硬度可达164 HV0.5。断口组织多为韧窝,韧性较好,抗软化温度为480 ℃。时效强化析出相与位错为切过关系,析出相呈现为球形Ni-P颗粒;晶界处析出颗粒较大,晶内析出的颗粒普遍较小,尺寸介于几十纳米到数百纳米之间。     

Zn含量对Ag925CuZn合金显微组织和硬度的影响

研究了Zn含量对Ag925CuZn合金显微组织和硬度的影响.结果表明:Zn显著抑制Ag925CuZn合金铸态组织中孔洞的形成,且在中间退火过程中使其晶粒粗化,在时效过程中形成具有与基体α-Ag成分、结构相同的浮凸状组织.同时,高Zn含量降低Ag925CuZn合金的固溶态硬度和时效态硬度;对于低Zn含量Ag925CuZn合金,固溶退火后合理的时效温度为200～250℃,冷变形后合理的时效温度为150～200℃.     

Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-xZn-0.5Zr(x=0,1,2)挤压态合金微观组织和力学性能

采用扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜、高角度环形暗场-扫描透射,分析了Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-xZn-0.5Zr(x=0,1,2,质量分数,％)挤压态合金微观组织结构和力学性能,旨在探索Zn对于合金性能影响的微观机制.结果表明:在Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr合金中添加Zn元素,不仅形成LPS...     

双晶体NiTi形状记忆合金在无/有应力作用时效下的Ni_4Ti_3相沉淀行为模拟(英文)

运用相场方法研究双晶体NiTi形状记忆合金分别在无应力和有应力作用下时效过程中Ni4Ti3相的沉淀行为,模拟研究两种不同初始过饱和度(Ni含量分别为51.5%和52.5%,摩尔分数)的NiTi基体并考虑外加应力的影响。模拟结果表明,在无应力作用的体系中,当体系Ni原子初始浓度相对较低(51.5%Ni)时,Ni4Ti3相以非均匀的方式析出,其中晶界上存在大量的Ni4Ti3变体,晶界内大部分区域无变体;当体系Ni原子初始浓度较高(52.5%Ni)时,Ni4Ti3在整个双晶体系中均匀析出。在所研究的两种初始浓度下,一定大小的外加应力将直接导致Ni4Ti3变体在整个模拟体系中均匀析出,而两晶粒中变体的类型分布有所不同。     

Effect of aging time and temperature on the aging behavior in Sn containing AZ91 alloy

Effects of aging temperature and time on the aging behavior in AZ91 alloy and Sn containing AZ91 alloy (AZT915) have been investigated in the present study. The mode of precipitation, i.e. discontinuous and continuous precipitation in both alloys is strongly affected by the aging temperature. At low aging temperature of 403 K, only discontinuous precipitation occurs at the grain boundaries, whereas at high aging temperatures of 573 and 623 K only continuous precipitation occurs inside the grains. At intermediate temperature range (443 or 498 K) both discontinuous and continuous precipitation reactions occur. In AZT915, the Mg₂Sn particles at the grain boundary effectively reduce the available nucleation sites for discontinuous β precipitates, and slow down the movement of the grain boundary, resulting in suppression of discontinuous precipitation. In addition, increased local lattice strain by the presence of Sn in the α-Mg solid solution matrix accelerates the nucleation of the continuous precipitates at the early stage of aging treatment. Therefore, significantly higher peak hardness can be obtained within a shorter aging time in AZT915.     

时效工艺对WE43镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了WE43稀土镁合金在不同热处理工艺下显微组织、力学性能的变化规律,从而得出最佳的热处理工艺。研究结果表明WE43稀土镁合金铸态组织为等轴状晶粒,比较均匀,平均晶粒尺寸为40 μm;铸造冷却凝固的过程中,在晶界处形成了离异共晶组织;经520 ℃×8 h固溶处理后的组织,共晶相的数量和形态发生了明显的变化,枝晶偏析基本消除,晶界上仍有少量未溶的第二相。230 ℃×8 h时效后稀土第二相的数量增加,并且在晶粒内部析出了点状弥散的稀土相;经过250 ℃×16 h的时效后,合金的硬度达到了峰值,随着时效时间的继续延长,合金的硬度下降。固溶处理后WE43稀土镁合金的抗拉强度为162.59 MPa左右,断后伸长率约为5.0%;而经过250 ℃时效处理后,其抗拉强度明显增加,断后伸长率在4%左右。     

不同镍含量奥氏体基低密度热轧钢的组织与力学性能

研究了3种Fe-18Mn-10Al-1C-(0, 3, 5)Ni-0.08V-0.03Nb(wt%)奥氏体基低密度双相钢在热轧后的组织和力学性能。结果表明,热轧后,试验钢的组织由拉长的奥氏体、条带状B2相及沿再结晶奥氏体晶粒晶界处的块状B2颗粒组成。此外,在奥氏体晶粒和B2颗粒中分别形成了纳米级κ-碳化物和DO₃相。5Ni钢屈服强度高达1352 MPa,这主要是由于奥氏体晶界存在大量纳米级别的B2颗粒以及VC相产生析出强化效果。随着Ni含量的增加,钢的强度与硬度均增加,5Ni钢屈服强度比0Ni钢高116 MPa,归因于5Ni钢中更多的B2相含量(16.9%)。但含Ni钢在强度增加的同时,极大损失了塑性,导致钢的伸长率极低,分析其原因为条带状B2相主要分布在奥氏体晶界处,试样在变形过程中裂纹更易沿晶界断裂,断口有分层现象。     

ZM81-xSn (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10)变形镁合金的组织演变和力学性能

通过对不同Sn含量的ZM81合金的微观组织和力学性能的测得,研究了Sn在ZM81合金中的存在形式和作用机制及不同添加量对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：Sn元素主要以Mg2Sn共晶相形式存在,能够细化铸态组织;热挤压过程中,Sn添加能够起到抑制动态再结晶和晶粒细化的作用;T6处理,尤其是双级时效,能显著提升挤压态合金的力学性能,其中ZM81-4Sn合金具有最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为416MPa、393MPa和4.1%。实验合金高强度主要源于MgZn2和Mg2Sn析出相的双重时效强化效果;相比单级时效,双级时效态合金的析出相细小弥散,因此其力学性能更优。     

Effect of Zr addition on precipitates in K4169 superalloy

In order to investigate the effect of Zr addition on the precipitations of K4169 superalloy,a manual electric arc furnace was used to prepare the superalloy with different Zr addition from 0.03wt.% to 0.07wt%.After standard heat treatment and long-time aging,the microstructures of the alloys were observed using XRD,SEM and TEM.The results show that Zr not only inhibits the precipitation of Laves phase at the grain boundary,but also significantly promotes the precipitation of earlobe-like γ’ and γ″ phases.After long time aging at 680℃ for 500 h,the γ″ phase grows up obviously and forms a γ’/γ’’ clad microstructure when the Zr addition is 0.03 wt.%.A large number of fine orbed γ’ particles precipitate in the grains and some γ″ phase transforms to disk-like δ phase when the Zr addition increases to 0.05wt.%.The nano-polycrystalline γ’ phase precipitates in the grains and there is a little δ phase when the Zr addition is 0.07wt.%.As the Zr addition increases,the amount of Laves phase at the grain boundary decreases at first,and then increases and forms flaky morphology.     

Effects of heat treatment on corrosion behaviors of Mg-3Zn magnesium alloy

The effects of two kinds of heat treatments T4 （solution treatment） and T6 （aging treatment） on the corrosion behaviors of Mg-3Zn magnesium alloy were studied by electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is found that zinc element enriches along grain boundaries to exhibit a network microstructure for both T4- and T6-treated alloy. For T6 treatment, larger MgZn particles form mainly on grain boundary and fine MgZn particles precipitate on matrix. Compared with cast alloy, T4 treatment could decrease the amounts of MgZn particles, and decrease the zinc content of zinc-rich net-segregation. Electrochemical measurements show that T4 treatment increases the corrosion resistance while T6 treatment decreases the corrosion resistance of Mn-3Zn alloy.     

Effect of Rare Earth Sc Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy

Al-5.3Cu-0.8Mg-0.6Ag alloys containing 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 (mass. %) Sc were prepared by ingot metallurgy and thermomechanical treatment. The effect of Sc addition on the precipitation and microstructure of the alloys has been investigated using mechanical testing, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that trace Sc element refines the grains of the casting alloys and the average grain size decreases from 85 μm to 30 μm. Increasi...     

铸态和热处理态ZK60-xCa镁合金的组织与力学性能

利用光镜、扫描电镜、XRD和DSC,分析了铸态和热处理态ZK60-xCa合金的组织和相组成,测试了其硬度和室温拉伸性能.结果表明,随着Ca含量的增加,铸态组织逐渐细化,生成Mg6Zn3 Ca2新相,晶界相逐渐增多,且趋于连续网状分布;硬度逐渐提高,而抗拉强度和伸长率逐渐降低.MgZn2相绝大多数固溶于α-Mg基体中,而Mg6 Zn3 Ca2相少量固溶.ZK60和ZK60-1.25Ca合金拉伸性能经648 K固溶后均显著提高,随固溶温度的提高而逐渐降低;经448 K时效后,前者的抗拉和屈服强度有所提高,后者的抗拉强度不变,两者的伸长率均降低.     

Y含量对Mg-Zn-Y合金组织和性能的影响

采用X射线衍射和金相显微分析研究了元素Y对Mg-3Zn-xY（x=0．5、1．5、3．0．6．0，质量分数／％）合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，在基体中和晶界分布的弥散质点随Y含量的增加而增多，尺寸增大。合金中二次相的种类取决于加（Zn）／w（Y）之比值，随着Y含量的增加，合金中的二次相依次从Mg，Zn，相＋I相、I相＋W相到W相＋H相、H相转变，晶间组织的形态也由点状、细线状向网状转变。合金的抗拉强度、硬度、冲击韧度随着Y含量的增加而提高，塑性则逐渐下降。但Y含量达到6％时合金的综合力学性能下降。     

Microstructural modification of cast Mg alloys by friction stir processing

Abstract

Cast Mg alloys were processed using friction stir processing (FSP) to acquire a fine grained structure and high strength. Actually, FSP is a novel grain refinement method for light metal alloys. Using FSP, a cast microstructure with coarse grain size was refined to equiaxial fine grain through dynamic recrystallisation; second phase particles were finely dispersed by FSP. Moreover, FSP is effective to eliminate cast defects such as microshrinkages or porosities. Commercial die cast Mg alloy (AZ91D) and high strength Mg–Y–Zn alloy plates were prepared for FSP. Heat input using a rotational tool during FSP closely affected the microstructure in the stirred zone. Actually, FSP with lower heat input produced a finer grain size and higher hardness. Changes in the friction stir processed microstructures affecting mechanical properties were not only grain refinement, but also second phase particle distributions. Results show that alloys with high hardness by FSP have finely dispersed second phase particles without dissolution during FSP.     

Cd对铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金时效过程的影响

合金元素Cd的添加促进了铸造Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金的时效过程，提高了合金的峰时效硬度，加快了合金的硬化速度．当加入0．27％Cd时，合金的强度提高了20％；但加入量继续增大，强度反而降低．SEM，DSC和TEM分析显示，Cd加快了亚稳相的析出，较早地形成了细小而密集的亚稳相；同时，较大的富Cd相、少量稳定相和过剩硅相质点的均匀析出，对合金起到了第二相强化的作用．在这两类析出相的共同作用下，合金获得了高的峰时效强度．但当合金中Cd的含量超过0．27％时，会形成一些富Cd的多元相和纯Cd质点，这些相的出现导致了合金机械性能的下降．     

添加Ca和Sr元素对ZK61镁合金组织与性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、Vickers硬度计及拉伸试验机等观察并研究了添加Ca和Sr元素及热处理工艺对ZK61镁合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:单独添加Ca元素时,在ZK61-xCa合金α-Mg基体上析出了形状不规则的MgZn和MgZn2相;复合添加Ca、Sr元素时,在α-Mg基体上形成了沿晶界分布的Mg17Sr2新相。当固溶温度和时间为350℃×12 h,时效温度和时间为200℃×12 h时,合金的组织与性能达到最优。当元素Ca=1.0%,Sr=0.5%时,热处理后合金的性能最优,其抗拉强度为141.9 MPa,伸长率为15.6%,维氏硬度为51.6 HV。     

元素Y对Mg—Cu系合金的组织结构和显微硬度的影响

采用铜板空冷和铜辊甩带的方法，研究元素Y对Mg-Cu合金的组织结构和室温硬度的影响。研究表明：元素Y形成的化合物最终富集于枝晶网胞间。随着元素Y的添加，Mg-Cu二元合金试样的晶粒显著细化，显微硬度大幅提高。另外，在快速冷却条件下，Mg90 Cu5Y5试样的微观结构为微晶和非晶的夹杂，形成非晶的能力大大增强。     

元素Y对Mg-Cu系合金的组织结构和显微硬度的影响

采用铜板空冷和铜辊甩带的方法,研究元素Y对Mg-Cu合金的组织结构和室温硬度的影响。研究表明:元素Y形成的化合物最终富集于枝晶网胞间。随着元素Y的添加,Mg-Cu二元合金试样的晶粒显著细化,显微硬度大幅提高。另外,在快速冷却条件下,Mg90Cu5Y5试样的微观结构为微晶和非晶的夹杂,形成非晶的能力大大增强。     

Zn含量对反挤压Mg-8Sn-Zn合金组织演变和力学性能的影响

利用OM,SEM,TEM,EBSD,XRD和电子材料试验机研究了Zn含量（1%-4%,质量分数）对反挤压Mg-8Sn-Zn合金组织、织构演化和力学性能的影响.结果表明,所有合金均可在相对较低的挤压温度（250℃）和较高的挤压速度（2 m/min）下成形.在反挤压过程中,所有在均质化处理后残留的粗大第二相在挤压过程中破碎并沿着挤压方向被拉伸成条带状;所有的粗大晶粒均转变为细小的等轴晶,其平均晶粒尺寸分别为7.4,8.3和10.5μm.随着Zn含量的增加,在挤压态合金晶内和晶间分布的细小弥散第二相的体积分数增加,这些第二相主要由亚微米级的Mg₂Sn相和纳米级的富Zn相组成.弥散分布在晶界上的第二相有效地钉扎了晶界,从而细化了晶粒尺寸.另外随着Zn含量的增加,合金的织构强度降低,这和变形晶粒的体积分数减小有关.组织细化、织构弱化和第二相弥散化是Mg-Sn-Zn合金强度提高和拉伸/压缩屈服点各向异性减弱的主要因素.     

在线固溶及离线热处理对压铸AZ91D镁合金组织及硬度的影响(英文)

研究在线固溶处理、离线固溶处理和时效处理对压铸AZ91D镁合金组织及硬度的影响。结果表明:在线淬火和离线时效处理可提高压铸AZ91D合金的布氏硬度,但是离线固溶处理使合金的硬度下降。通过X射线物相分析、光学显微组织分析、差热分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析,发现在线固溶和时效处理后合金的组织与压铸AZ91D的基本相同,仍由α-Mg及β-Al12Mg17组成。在压铸镁合金冷却过程中,在线固溶处理使温度急剧降低从而阻止了β-Al12Mg17相的继续析出,增强了Al元素固溶强化的效果。时效处理后,Al12Mg17从Mg的过饱和固溶体中析出并细化组织,改善了细晶强化的效果。离线的固溶处理使Al12Mg17分解,导致其固溶强化效果得到增强但是晶界强化相大幅度减少,从而使合金的硬度降低。