X100级管线钢焊接粗晶区微观组织预测

采用Gleeble3500热-力学模拟试验机,研究了在不同焊接热循环条件下,X100级管线钢焊接粗晶区组织形态的变化规律.实验结果表明,X100级管线钢焊接粗晶区组织主要有粗大的粒状贝氏体、贝氏体铁素体和马氏体.当焊后冷却速度低于2℃/s时,焊接粗晶区组织为粒状贝氏体;当焊后冷却速度为2～5℃/s时,组织为贝氏体铁素体;当焊后冷却速度高于5℃/s时,粗晶区开始出现马氏体组织.     

超低碳SiCrMn2Ni4钢连续冷却转变行为研究

研究了超低碳SiCrMn2Ni4钢钢连续冷却过程,采用金相显微镜、SEM和TEM对组织进行观察分析。结果表明,试验钢在连续冷却后,只存在粒状贝氏体和板条状贝氏体组织。随着冷却速度的加快,组织逐渐由粒状贝氏体向板条状贝氏体转变,当冷却速度增加至5℃/s时,出现粒状贝氏体与板条状贝氏体的混合组织,冷却速度大于等于20℃/s时,组织全为板条状贝氏体。     

9Ni钢焊接热影响区组织转变规律的研究

采用热模拟技术研究了液化天然气储罐用9Ni钢焊接热影响区的组织转变规律。实验结果表明,9Ni钢经历热循环后的显微组织类型包括贝氏体和马氏体两种。低冷却速度条件下,9Ni钢经历热循环后的主要转变产物为贝氏体(包括粒状贝氏体和上贝氏体两种类型);随着冷却速度的提高,组织类型由粒状贝氏体向上贝氏体转化。高冷却速度条件下,经历热循环后的转变产物为马氏体。     

BAINITE IN SOME ALLOY STEELS AND ITS MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR

合金钢中温转变组织计有:粒状组织、上贝氏体和下贝氏体,有时可获准贝氏体。与马氏体回火后比较,准贝氏体、粒状组织、粒状贝氏体或它们的复合往往具有低屈服强度、一定高的抗拉强度,高的韧性、高的疲劳寿命和相当的疲劳强度。     

钢中贝氏体及其力学行为

合金钢中温转变组织计有:粒状组织、上贝氏体和下贝氏体,有时可获准贝氏体。与马氏体回火后比较,准贝氏体、粒状组织、粒状贝氏体或它们的复合往往具有低屈服强度、一定高的抗拉强度,高的韧性、高的疲劳寿命和相当的疲劳强度。     

淬火冷速对转子30CrMoNiV511钢韧性的影响

使用热处理风冷炉模拟研究了大型汽轮机转子内外径处的冷却速率对转子材料30CrMoNiV511钢的组织转变及强韧性的影响。结果表明,淬火冷却速率对转子材料的强度影响不明显,而对冲击韧性的影响显著。随着淬火冷却速率从50℃/min逐渐降低至7℃/min,淬火组织由下贝氏体逐渐向上贝氏体、粒状贝氏体及其混合组织转变,冲击韧性由66 J急剧降低到16 J;当冷却速率降低到5℃/min以下时,组织中出现先共析铁素体,且上贝氏体铁素体粗大,碳化物分布极不均匀,冲击韧性极差。不同冷却速率转子钢的微观组织及碳化物析出形态和分布是决定其冲击韧性的主要原因之一。     

ULCB钢相变产物粒状与板条状贝氏体组织性能研究

对ULCB钢的主要相变组织粒状贝氏体与板条贝氏体进行了力学性能比较,结果显示粒状贝氏体与板条贝氏体是完全不同的两种组织,较高温度相变产物粒状贝氏体组织较为粗大,对强度和韧性有不利影响,而较低温度相变产物板条贝氏体组织对强度和韧性是有益的.     

一种高速铁路用新型鱼尾板材料的性能评价

对一种新型非调质贝氏体鱼尾板材料在常温和低温下的拉伸性能和冲击性能进行了全面评价.研究结果表明:该材料的显微组织为晶粒细小的粒状贝氏体,常温和低温下材料的拉伸、冲击性能均高于国内现用的B7钢及日本鱼尾板材料,在室温和-55℃下材料的屈服强度分别为722,738MPa,伸长率分别为60.7%和41.7%.观察了不同温度下的拉伸断口和冲击断口形貌,并讨论了材料的断裂方式.     

Mg处理X100管线钢的焊接CCT曲线及其组织

采用焊接热模拟技术和显微组织分析等方法,对Mg处理X100管线钢在连续冷却转变下的显微组织的变化规律进行了研究。通过对Mg处理X100管线钢CCT曲线的建立和显微组织分析结果表明:对比焊接CCT模拟工艺和常规950℃保温的CCT工艺,前者AC1、AC3相变点要分别高于后者25℃,奥氏体晶粒显著大于后者,冷却相变点要低于后者50～80℃。在焊接热模拟工艺下,当冷却速度在0.1～3℃/s之间时,组织以准多边形铁素体(QF)和粒状贝氏体为主;在3～30℃/s的冷却速度范围,主体组织为粒状贝氏体(GB)和针状铁素体(BF);当冷却速度为30～50℃/s,组织以贝氏体铁素体(BF)为主;大于50℃/s的冷却速度,将形成马氏体(M)组织。     

冷速及高温回火对低合金高强铸钢组织性能的影响

为提高低合金高强铸钢(HSLA)的综合力学性能,满足恶劣环境下的使用要求.采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、冲击试验机、万能材料试验机研究了3种不同冷速及高温回火对HSLA铸钢组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明:随冷速增加,淬火组织发生由多边形铁素体+针状铁素体+粒状贝氏体→粒状贝氏体+板条贝氏体→准上贝氏体+板条马氏体的演变.冷速为1℃/s的空冷样,具有最高的塑韧性;冷速最大的水冷样,其强度、硬度最高.冷却样经580℃回火,其晶界、板条界均有粒状、短棒状的纳米第二相析出,EDS分析表明,100~200 nm的析出相为合金渗碳体(M3C),而50 nm以内的析出相为(V,Ti)(C,N).空冷样回火后有较高强度、最高的塑韧性;油冷、水冷样回火后,Re提高,Rm略有下降,AkU降低与高温回火脆性的发生有关,但-40℃的AkU仍有60、40 J,具有较好的低温冲击韧性.可见,试验HSLA铸钢表现出良好的综合力学性能,能满足在恶劣环境下的使用要求.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.