煤系中间相成形过程中的共熔效应

煤焦油沥青甲苯可溶物(TS)和废聚苯乙烯(WPS)共炭化生成的中间相沥青,性能得到很大改善.可溶性中间相的质量分数从10%提高到52%,光学结构从中间相体积分数65%的粗镶嵌结构改善为:100%的广域融并体;表观黏度分析显示添加WPS后,中间相沥青从触变性变为非触变性.红外和核磁共振分析表明共炭化过程中发生烷基化反应,出现较多的α亚甲基结构.X射线衍射结果显示在添加WPS后使芳香平面分子取向排列变好.结果表明:共炭化过程中,烷基结构的增多是共熔效应发生的主要原因.     

硫氰酸钠水溶液体系的聚丙烯腈溶液凝固行为

硫氰酸钠（NaSCN）溶剂路线是国外制备高性能聚丙烯腈（PAN）基碳纤维原丝成熟的纺丝工艺路线，该技术在国内碳纤维领域尚处于发展阶段。文中采用流变仪、红外光谱研究了PAN在不同质量分数NaSCN水溶液中形成的聚合物溶液的流变性能和PAN大分子状态；溶液中NaSCN质量分数的提高，PAN溶液的黏度先减小后增大，在51%NaSCN溶液中PAN溶液的黏度最低、，用光学显微镜和X射线衍射研究了NaSCN水溶液为溶剂的PAN溶液凝固行为。研究发现，51%NaSCN溶液中，PAN大分子以最舒展状态存在，PAN分子链的31螺旋构象更多，这与溶液中硫氰酸根主要以异硫氰酸根（—N=C=S）存在有关，PAN的氰基与异硫氰酸根的—N=C形成桥键结构。随着聚合物溶液中NaSCN质量分数增加，凝固剂水在PAN溶液中的扩散速率增加，PAN溶液凝固结晶程度先增大后减小，在质量分数为51%的NaSCN水溶液中，PAN的凝固结晶规整度更优异，这与PAN以解缠伸展状态存在相关，由于流动活化能更低，PAN溶液更易发生相转变。     

油墨颜料颗粒对油墨触变性的影响分析

当油墨流体流动速度呈梯度分布时,以颜料颗粒简化模型为例分析了颜料颗粒在速度场中所受的力矩,在油墨流体速度梯度增大的过程中颜料颗粒在力矩作用下产生转动,而在油墨流体速度梯度减小的过程中不存在颜料颗粒的旋转,用颗粒的这一运动差别由统计方法较好地解释了颜料颗粒对油墨触变性的影响,分析表明颜料颗粒形状的非对称性是产生油墨触变性的重要因素之一.     

具有聚集诱导发光特性含萘单元共轭聚合物的合成

首先氯化亚砜和2,6-萘二甲酸酰氯化反应合成2,6-萘二甲酰氯(M1),然后M1和叔丁基苯傅-克酰基化反应合成2,6-二(4-叔丁基苯甲酰基)萘(M2),进而与1,2-乙二硫醇合成2,6-双(2-(4-(叔丁基)苯基)-1,3-二巯基-2-基)萘(M3),最后以六羰基钨为催化剂,分子间脱硫反应制备含萘单元共轭聚合物PNTB。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪、凝胶渗透色谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计和荧光分光光度计对M2、M3和PNTB的化学结构、相对分子质量和光学性质进行测试与表征。结果表明,随四氢呋喃/水(THF/H_2O)混合溶剂中水分数不断增加,PNTB的荧光强度呈递增的趋势,表明PNTB具有聚集诱导发光特性。PNTB在溶液状态(THF为溶剂)和聚集状态(THF/H_2O,体积比10/90)的荧光量子产率分别为1.83%和12.74%,说明PNTB容易发生聚集,聚集诱导发光效果良好。     

羧甲基甲壳素溶液的流变学性质

研究了羧甲基甲壳素（CMCH）溶液不同状态下的表观黏度,讨论了浓度、温度、外加盐、pH等对CMCH溶液表观黏度的影响,及在不同的溶剂中的触变行为,结果表明,羧甲基甲壳素的溶液是假塑性流体,n=0.70,K=0.50,其溶液的黏流活化能为19.82 kJ/mol;羧甲基甲壳素溶液的表观黏度随着加入盐的不同及加入量的不同而呈复杂变化,其溶液的表观黏度受到pH的影响,在碱性条件下,变化显著,在pH=9.0时达到最大值.其溶液的触变行为受到溶剂的影响,溶剂不同,触变性也不同.     

层流状态下纳米流体的对流传热特性

通过数值模拟的方法研究了层流状态下雷诺数、体积分数、颗粒和基液种类以及颗粒粒径对纳米流体对流传热特性的影响。研究结果表明,纳米流体的对流传热系数明显高于基液,并且与基液和颗粒的性质、颗粒的体积分数及颗粒粒径密切相关。纳米流体的对流传热系数随着颗粒和基液热导率的增加、颗粒体积分数的增加以及颗粒粒径的减小而增大。研究发现,对于一定体积分数的Cu-水纳米流体,在层流状态下对流传热系数的提高程度基本保持一致,与雷诺数大小无关。     

高分子量聚丙烯腈中空纤维膜铸膜液流变性能的研究

采用气压式毛细管流变仪对聚丙烯腈/二甲基乙酰胺/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PAN/DMAc/PVP)中空纤维铸膜液的流变性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,该铸膜液属假塑型流体.物料性质,如PAN分子量、PAN质量分数、添加剂质量分数会影响体系的流动性能.PAN分子量为Mη=13.1×104、PAN质量分数为14%、添加剂PVP质量分数为10%时,该铸膜液的流动性最好.另外,温度对体系的流动性也有影响.对特定的PAN铸膜体系来说,升高温度使体系的黏度降低,流动性变好;而当体系中PAN分子量增大、PAN质量分数增加时,体系的黏度增大,活化能变大,因而对温度的敏感性也增强.     

微管道中Cu-水纳米流体的流动特性(英文)

采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法,对压力驱动下质量分数为1%的Cu-水纳米流体在直径分别为25μm和50μm且长度不同的微管道中的流动特性进行研究.实验过程中采用两步法制得稳定的纳米流体.研究结果表明,纳米流体的流量-压力特性基本呈线性关系,且流量随驱动压力的增大而增大,其流动特性符合单相流体的假设.但模拟结果与实验结果之间存在一定的差异,主要是由于基液中颗粒的团聚结构、纳米流体黏度的变化、尺度效应和边界滑移等因素造成的.     

乙二醇共溶剂对合成水滑石结构及热性质的影响

为了考察氢键作用对合成水滑石微观结构和热性质的影响,以不同添加比例的乙二醇作为共溶剂,采用水热法制备了水滑石,并利用XRD,SEM,FT-IR,TG-DSC等手段表征/分析了不同乙二醇添加量对水滑石晶体微观结构及热性质的影响.研究表明:在水热体系中添加体积分数约15%的乙二醇共溶剂,可得到结晶更规整的水滑石.当乙二醇添加量增加至60%和90%时,结晶水在水滑石中的水合程度提高,对水滑石的晶体结构和热稳定性影响增大;同时,所得水滑石颗粒形貌趋于不规则,且出现团聚和粘结现象.热分析结果显示,随着乙二醇添加量的增加,层间结合水的释放温度提高,而中间层释放CO2的温度则相应降低.     

矩形微流道内Cu/Al核壳结构纳米流体的导热性能

采用还原法制备Cu/Al纳米复合粉,以水-乙二醇为基液,制备不同质量分数的Cu/Al复合纳米流体.利用XRD、SEM、TEM对复合材料的相结构和微观形貌进行了表征,采用紫外-可见分光光度计和热物性分析仪测试了其稳定性,将其应用于矩形流道微通道散热器内,通过实验研究了不同质量分数纳米流体的导热性能.结果表明,采用原位置换...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to