基于混合遗传算法的机器人操作臂最优路径规划

针对目标物体在空间的位置和姿态确定的情况下,机器人操作臂如何选择一条满足关节转角约束,且使所有关节转动角度之和为最小的最佳路径这一问题,提出了一种将遗传算法与SWIFT算法相结合的混合遗传算法,用于冗余度机器人操作臂最优路径的规划,该算法具有全局最优.最后通过对YJP-Ⅱ机器人6自由度操作臂的仿真结果,验证了该算法的正确性和可行性.     

基于动态解区间的操作臂路径规划寻优算法

在机器人操作臂的控制过程中,末端执行器到达目标的路径规划是不可回避的问题,它是机器人操作臂控制的基础.提出了一种有动态解区间关节转角约束且有n个自由度的操作臂最优路径的算法,该算法在操作臂的初始位姿及目标住姿已知的情况下,采用各关节转角之和最小作为最优指标,寻找最佳路径.通过对平面10自由度操作臂的仿真,给出了最优解算例.将该算法向空间推广,成功地应用于YJP-Ⅱ机器人操作臂的控制中,在工程上具有较强的实用性.     

一种串联机械臂关节空间刚度最优路径求解方法

串联机械臂关节空间路径求解是机器人研究领域的热点。然而,现有研究往往欠虑串联机械臂自身弱刚性,致使串联机械臂在给定操作空间路径下关节空间路径选择不当,影响运动精度。为提升串联机械臂在实际工作时刚度,提出一种串联机械臂关节空间刚度最优路径求解方法。首先基于Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法求取串联机械臂关节空间路径可行解,进而通过定义串联机械臂刚度性能指标,以刚度性能最大为目标,实现串联机械臂关节空间刚度最优路径求解,最后在6轴串联机械臂上进行方法验证。结果表明,面向相同操作空间路径,提出方法得到的串联机械臂关节空间路径刚度与基于连续迭代的数值法相比提高了50%以上,证明提出方法可有效提升给定操作空间路径下串联机械臂运动刚度,对提高串联机械臂运动精度,抑制变形和颤振,进而实现串联机械臂在机械加工领域的推广与应用具有重要意义。     

混合混沌法在机器人操作臂路径寻优中的应用

机器人操作臂的最优路径规划是典型的非线性规划之一.为了避免基于梯度的传统算法因初始迭代值的选取对操作臂路径寻优的影响,本文针对目标物体在空间位姿确定的情形,如何寻求一条既满足关节角约束,又使所有关节转动角之和最小的最优路径这一问题,提出了一种新的最优路径规划方法-混合混沌法,并通过一个具体实例验证其可行性.     

冗余度机械臂协调容错操作中的关节速度突变

针对两协调机械臂在发生锁定关节故障的容错操作中关节速度突变问题进行了研究。首先将原机械臂关节速度与退化机械臂关节速度之差定义为容错操作中的关节速度突变;然后基于这一指标提出了相应的容错运动规划算法;最后给出了两个平面3R机械臂进行容错操作的仿真实例。研究结果表明,该算法可以有效地避免在容错协调操作中两机械臂出现的关节速度突变,提高容错操作的运动平稳性,从而改善机械臂容错操作的运动学和动力学性能。     

机械臂工作路径的改进蚁群-顺序局部搜索规划

为了减少机械臂末端路径长度和关节转动角度之和，提出了改进蚁群-顺序局部搜索的路径规划策略。建立了机械臂路径规划问题模型，对机械臂关节空间节点进行了离散化。使用顺序局部搜索方法确定下一节点待选集合，依据蚁群算法原理确定优化意义下的下一路径节点。考虑到传统蚁群算法收敛慢、求解质量不高的问题，构造了局部信息素随蚂蚁聚集度自适应更新方法，进而提出了局部信息素自适应蚁群算法。经实验验证，在无障碍物环境下，与传统蚁群算法相比，自适应蚁群算法规划路径长度减少了15.27%，关节转角和减少了0.78%。在障碍物环境下，与传统蚁群算法相比，自适应蚁群算法规划路径长度减少了3.26%，关节转角和减少了2.21%。在实物机械臂上进行验证，实验结果与仿真结果一致，验证了这里提出的路径规划方法的有效性。     

利用加权广义逆矩阵减小协调机械臂容错操作时的关节速度突变

针对两机械臂容错协调操作中关节速度突变问题进行了研究。首先,给出了关节速度突变的定义;然后,提出了基于加权广义逆矩阵的容错运动规划算法;最后,利用两个3R机械臂将新算法与常规算法进行了对比仿真分析。研究结果表明,新算法可以比常规算法更加有效地减小两机械臂容错操作中的关节速度突变,进一步提高容错操作的运动平稳性。     

超冗余度机械臂跟随末端轨迹运动算法及其性能分析

超冗余度机械臂具有大长径比、多自由度、高灵活性等特点。为提升其穿越受限空间的效率,提出一种适用于该机械臂三维空间深腔探测的跟随末端轨迹运动算法。在底座进给运动配合下,机械臂的连杆和关节沿规划路径移动,并使得机械臂与路径曲线偏差尽可能小。为提高算法效率,提出一种迭代步长顺序查找法来实现机械臂的关键点与离散路径曲线快速匹配;为减小路径跟随误差,提出一种线性插值优化方法减小因路径离散处理引起的误差。通过12个关节的超冗余度机械臂的仿真试验,从位置精度、运动平顺性、算法效率三方面对算法性能进行评价。结果表明,在保证路径跟随误差不超过5μm的情况下,机械臂的运动平顺,单周期计算耗时为1 ms左右。算法适用于空间三维运动,且算法效率满足实时控制要求。     

空间机械臂末端力/位容错过程中关节参数突变抑制

为了实现空间机械臂关节失效后容错操作,提出了空间机械臂末端力/位容错过程中关节参数突变抑制方法。基于机械臂关节空间和操作空间的力/速度映射关系,分析空间机械臂末端力/位容错条件,建立机械臂末端容错运动学和动力学方程;进而将运动学可操作度和动力学可操作度分别引入机械臂容错运动学和动力学方程,在此基础上建立机械臂末端力/位容错过程中的关节参数突变抑制优化函数,并利用粒子群算法实现对优化函数的求解。仿真结果表明,该算法能够在实现空间机械臂末端力/位容错的同时有效抑制关节速度和力矩突变。     

基于A~*算法的空间机械臂避障路径规划

针对空间机械臂在轨操作任务需求,提出一种基于A*算法的避障路径规划算法。根据机械臂和障碍物几何特征,对机械臂模型和障碍模型进行简化。通过研究机械臂本身所固有的几何特性,根据障碍物的位姿坐标,分析机械臂各杆件与障碍物发生碰撞的条件,进而求解空间机械臂的无碰撞自由工作空间。在此基础上,利用A*算法在空间机械臂的自由工作空间进行无碰撞路径搜索,实现了空间机械臂的避障路径规划。通过仿真试验验证了基于A*算法的空间机械臂避障路径规划算法的有效性与可行性。     

汽车驾驶舒适性评价平台的研制

为满足汽车乘坐舒适性研究的需要,对实车进行了改装,开发了具有多个可调节自由度的汽车舒适性评价试验平台,设计并实现了可调节式踏板机构,提出了基于编码器绝对转数的座椅高度算法。实际测试结果表明, 经实车改装的试验平台测试精度高、性能稳定、可调节参数及调节范围充裕、安全可靠,可为汽车乘坐舒适性研究提供可靠的测试依据和试验手段。     

Determination of joint reaction forces in a symbolic form in rigid multibody systems

This paper presents an algorithm for determination of joint reaction forces in a symbolic form in planar and spatial tree structure rigid multibody systems. The frictionless revolute and prismatic joints are taken into consideration. The algorithm is based on the use of Kane's equations with undetermined multipliers of constraints. The expressions for the reaction forces and the torques of reaction couples in the joints are obtained in a form that does not require matrix inversion and allows an easy and straightforward implementation in programming environments for symbolic computations (like Mathematica, Maple etc.). The application of the proposed algorithm to the problem of determination of static friction forces in locked Coulomb friction joints is indicated. The algorithm has been illustrated by using both a gymnast on a trampoline and a Puma manipulator.     

Dimensional synthesis of a novel 5-DOF reconfigurable hybrid perfusion manipulator for large-scale spherical honeycomb perfusion

A novel hybrid perfusion manipulator (HPM) with five degrees of freedom (DOFs) is introduced by combining the 5PUS-PRPU (P, R, U, and S represent prismatic, revolute, universal, and spherical joint, respectively) parallel mechanism with the 5PRR reconfigurable base to enhance the perfusion efficiency of the large-scale spherical honeycomb thermal protection layer. This study mainly presents the dimensional synthesis of the proposed HPM. First, the inverse kinematics, including the analytic expression of the rotation angles of the U joint in the PUS limb, is obtained, and mobility analysis is conducted based on screw theory. The Jacobian matrix of 5PUS-PRPU is also determined with screw theory and used for the establishment of the objective function. Second, a global and comprehensive objective function (GCOF) is proposed to represent the Jacobian matrix’s condition number. With the genetic algorithm, dimensional synthesis is conducted by minimizing GCOF subject to the given variable constraints. The values of the designed variables corresponding to different configurations of the reconfigurable base are then obtained. Lastly, the optimal structure parameters of the proposed 5-DOF HPM are determined. Results show that the HPM with the optimized parameters has an enlarged orientation workspace, and the maximum angle of the reconfigurable base is decreased, which is conducive to improving the overall stiffness of HPM.     

Dynamic behaviour analysis of planar mechanical systems with clearance in revolute joints using a new hybrid contact force model

In this study, the dynamic behaviour of planar mechanical systems including revolute joints with clearance is investigated using a computational methodology. The contact model in revolute joint clearance is established using a new nonlinear continuous contact force model, which is a hybrid contact force model, and the friction effect is considered using modified Coulomb friction model. And then, the dynamic characteristics of planar mechanical system with revolute joint clearance are analysed based on the new contact model. Numerical results for two simple planar mechanisms with revolute clearance joints are presented and discussed. The correctness and validity of the new contact force model of revolute joint clearance is verified through the demonstrative application examples. Clearance size and friction effect are analysed separately. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed contact force model is a new method to predict the dynamic behaviour of planar mechanical system with clearance in revolute joints.     

Kinematics and Path Following Control of an Articulated Drum Roller

Automatic navigation of an articulated drum roller, which is an articulated steering type vehicle widely used in the construction industry, is highly expected for operation cost reduction and improvement of work efficiency. In order to achieve the path following control,considering that its steering system is articulated steering and two frames are articulated by an active revolute joint, a kinematic model and an error dynamic state-space equation of an articulated drum roller are proposed. Besides, a statefeedback control law based on Lyapunov stability theory is also designed, which can be proved to achieve the purpose of control by the analysis of stability. What's more, to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, simulation under the MATLAB/Simulink and experiments using positioning algorithm and errors correction at the uneven construction site are performed, with initial displacement error(-1.5 m), heading error(-0.11 rad) and steering angle(-0.19 rad). Finally, simulation and experimental results show that the errors and steering angle can decrease gradually, and converge to zero with time.Meanwhile, the control input is not saturated. An articulated drum roller can lock into a desired path with the proposed method in uneven fields.     

平面形状可变刚体机构概述及关节生成算法

平面形状可变刚体机构是基于给出的运动轨迹,即设计轮廓,通过对刚体运动链的综合,实现对设计轮廓的精确匹配,其关键在于对设计轮廓的分段。对机构运动链的综合过程予以研究,列出设计流程与数学分析方法,提出基于曲线曲率不性原理的新算法对设计轮廓进行关节划分,较明显的降低设计复杂度,并在设计实例中得到应用。     

Effects of restitution coefficient and material characteristics on dynamic response of planar multi-body systems with revolute clearance joint

To study the effects of restitution coefficient and material parameters on the dynamic characteristics of planar multi-body systems with revolute clearance joints, a comprehensive methodology for clearance revolute joints in a planar multibody system is presented and analyzed. A new nonlinear contact force model, which accounts for the axial length of bearing and has a wide suitable range of impact situation, is presented to evaluate the contact force between journal and bearing. Furthermore, a modified Coulomb friction force model also presented to consider the effect of friction in clearance joint. Then, a typical journal-bearing model and a planar slider-crank mechanism has revolute clearance joint are used as examples. From the main numerical results under the different restitution coefficient and material parameters, it can be concluded that coefficient of restitution has significant effects on dynamic response of multi-body systems with revolute clearance joint. Additionally, materials of journal and bearing with smaller Young’s modulus will cause obvious delay on dynamic response of multi-body systems.     

The reachable workarea of a manipulator

The study of the workspaces of a manipulator is both valuable and difficult. As the number of links increases the resultant expressions get more and more cumbersome to manipulate as multi-parameter families. We consider here a manipulator with only revolute joints and an arbitrary number of links, and derive an outer boundary for the workvolume. In general manipulators will have at most six links, since this provides full flexibility, but it is not a requirement. This paper describes an algorithm for finding the boundary of the reachable volume of an arbitrary revolute joint manipulator, and applies it to some examples.     

含非规则粗糙间隙表面铰链关节的平面柔性多连杆传动系统动态误差与运动副磨损周期行为分析

传统旋转间隙关节接触模型假定销轴和衬套接触面形状是规则的并忽略了磨损效应的影响,降低了机构动力学模型预测精度。提出了一种含非规则粗糙间隙表面铰链关节的平面柔性多连杆机构多体动力学建模、磨损预测和动态误差分析方法。为准确描述运动副元素间碰撞行为,考虑滑动轴承间隙关节的磨损效应,提出了一种非规则粗糙间隙表面铰链关节的改进接触模型。在此基础上,考虑柔性杆的影响,基于绝对节点坐标法建立了含非规则粗糙间隙表面铰链关节的平面柔性多连杆传动系统多体动力学模型。与基于传统光滑间隙模型的结果相比,基于非规则粗糙间隙改进模型的多连杆机构动态响应更接近于试验值,验证了所提出计算方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,选用CuSn10P和CuPb30作为铰链衬套材料能够有效降低多连杆机构滑块动态响应偏差和提高机构的运动精度;表面粗糙度过高会导致运动副磨损加剧,过低则会降低间隙表面微凸体对碰撞能量的吸收。此外,磨损加剧了间隙表面轮廓不规则度,导致机构动态响应的不稳定性增大,运动精度降低。     

A joint GA+DP approach for single burn-in oven scheduling problems with makespan criterion

This research is motivated by the scheduling problem found in the burn-in operation of semiconductor final testing, where jobs are associated with release times, processing times, and sizes. The burn-in ovens are modeled as batch-processing machines which can process a batch of several jobs as long as the total sizes of the jobs do not exceed the machine capacity, and the processing time of a batch is equal to the longest time among all the jobs in the batch. Moreover, this paper attempts to schedule jobs on a single batch-processing machine to minimize makespan. A joint GA+DP algorithm is proposed involving two stages: (1) the formation of job sequence by genetic algorithm operators, and (2) the formation of batches by a dynamic programming algorithm. Computational experiments are given to examine the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the joint GA+DP approach has well improved on all instances with respect to solution quality and runtime.