Investigation of Heat Transfer in Serpentine Shaped Microchannel Using Al2O3/Water Nanofluid

An experimental investigation was conducted to explore the maximum heat transfer in a serpentine shaped microchannel by varying the hydraulic diameter, flow rates and with influence of Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Microconvection is an important area in heat transport phenomena. Surface area is one of the important factors in high heat transfer in a microchannel heat exchanger. In this study, serpentine shaped microchannels of hydraulic diameters 810, 830, 860, and 890 μm are analyzed for the optimizing the hydraulic diameter to get enhanced thermal performance of the microchannel. A copper material microchannel having length a of 70 mm is used. Flow rate also varied from 1 lpm (Litres per minute) to 3.5 lpm for optimization with nanofluid as a medium. From numerical study it is observed that as the hydraulic diameter decreases from 890 μm to 810 μm the pressure drop increases with a decrease in hydraulic diameter. Also as heat input to the microchannel increases from 5 watts to 70 watts. From analysis it is observed that the hydraulic diameter of the microchannel is a major factor in microchannel heat transfer which is dependent on flow rate of fluid in the microchannel. The results also show that suspended Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in fluids have enhanced heat transfer when compared to the base fluid.     

Three‐Dimensional Numerical Investigation of Nanofluids Flow in Microtube with Different Values of Heat Flux

Forced convective laminar flow of different types of nanofluids such as Al₂O₃, CuO, SiO₂, and ZnO, with different nanoparticle size 25, 45, 65, and 80 nm, and different volume fractions which ranged from 1% to 4% using ethylene glycol as base fluids were used. A three‐dimensional microtube (MT) with 0.05 cm diameter and 10 cm in length with different values of heat fluxes at the wall is numerically investigated. This investigation covers Reynolds number (Re) in the range of 80 to 160. The results have shown that SiO₂‐EG nanofluid has the highest Nusselt number (Nu), followed by ZnO‐EG, CuO‐EG, Al₂O₃‐EG, and finally pure EG. The Nu for all cases increases with the volume fraction but it decreases with the rise in the diameter of nanoparticles. In all configurations, the Nu increases with Re. In addition, no effect of heat flux values on the Nu was found.     

纳米流体在微通道换热中的研究进展

随着微尺度应用需求日益增长,纳米流体与微通道分别作为强化传热流动介质与强化传热结构获得学者们的广泛关注。主要概述了纳米流体的制备方法与稳定性,以纳米颗粒及基液类型、纳米颗粒的浓度、粒径以及强化传热机理为类别,综述了纳米流体在不同结构微通道中传热与流动性能的研究进展。通过分析已发表的研究成果,总结了纳米流体在微通道换热中的研究难点,提出了研究纳米流体在微通道中流动与传热特性的主要方向。     

Development of Empirical Correlation for Heat Transfer to Nanofluids

Nanofluids are emerging as alternative fluids for heat transfer applications due to enhanced thermal properties. Several correlations are available in open literature for heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and thermophysical properties of nanofluids. Reliability of correlations that use effective properties for estimation of HTC needs to be checked. Comparison of experimental HTC and that estimated from existing correlations is the main objective of the present study. An empirical correlation is developed with experimental data of the HTC for zinc–water and zinc oxide–water nanofluids. Experimental HTC is compared with that estimated from developed correlation and existing correlations. The range of Re considered for the study is 4000 to 18,000. Comparison indicated large deviation in experimental values and the values estimated from existing correlations. Based on comparison results, it can be concluded that the single‐phase models of forced convective heat transfer cannot be extended to nanofluids.     

Heat Transfer Performance of Heat Pipe Radiator with SiO2/Water Nanofluids

The effect of nanofluids on thermal performance of the miniature heat pipe radiator which was assembled by two heat pipes containing 0.6 vol.% SiO₂/water nanofluids and 30 pieces of rectangular aluminum fins was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The wall temperatures of the miniature heat pipe and fin surface temperatures were measured. Results showed that the utilization of SiO₂/water nanofluids as a working fluid in the heat pipe enhanced the heat performance by reducing wall temperature differences. Compared with Deionized water (DI water), the thermal resistance of the miniature heat pipe with SiO₂/water nanofluids decreased by about 23% to 40%. Furthermore, the theoretical calculation on a basis of one dimension found that the fin heat dissipation in the miniature heat pipe radiator charged SiO₂/water nanofluids was about 1.17 times of that of the DI water radiator.     

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics and Cooling Performance of Mini‐ and Microheat Exchangers

This paper presents an experimental investigation of forced convection heat transfer in two heat sinks for electronic system cooling and investigated the comparisons of the thermal behavior of the mini‐ and microchannel heat exchangers. The hydraulic dimension of one of the heat sinks is 2 mm while that of the other is . Deionized water was used as the working fluid for studies conducted in both the heat exchangers. The effect of heat flux and volumetric flow rate (in laminar flow regime) on temperature and heat transfer coefficient is studied. Irrespective of the average heat transfer coefficient and the total thermal resistance, advantages and limitations of each device are analyzed and discussed in the light of experimental results. Furthermore, the results obtained from the experiments were in good agreement with those obtained from the design theory analyses.     

二氧化硅与石墨烯混合纳米流体沸腾换热实验研究

设计并搭建带冷凝回流的闭合回路沸腾换热实验装置,研究了质量分数为0.000 5％、0.001％、0.002％和0.003％的水基二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米流体、水基石墨烯(GNs)纳米流体、水基和乙二醇水基SiO2与GNs混合(SiO2/GNs-DW,SiO2/GNs-EG-DW)纳米流体沸腾换热性能.结果表明:纳米流体...     

水平放置离散矩形直翅片强制对流的传热研究

实验了不同空气流速时水平放置离散矩形直翅片组的稳态传热着重探讨了翅片列间距对翅片组散热性能和阻力损失的影响,用离散翅片的长度作为定性尺寸,得到了计算直线排列的离散翅片组平均对流传热系数的无量纲传热准数关系式     

Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Nanofluids in a Microchannel Heat Sink

The aim of this study is to determine the upper limitations of the particle volume fraction for heat transfer performance of TiO₂–water nanofluids in microchannels. Nanofluids were prepared by the addition of TiO₂ metallic nanoparticles into distilled water chosen as base fluid at five different volumetric ratios (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%). The effects of the Reynolds number (100–750) and particle volume fraction at constant microchannel height (200 μm) on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics were analyzed experimentally. Adding metallic oxide particles with nano dimensions into the base fluid did not cause excessive increase of friction coefficient but provided higher heat transfer than that of pure water. It was also observed that water–TiO₂ nanofluid increased heat transfer up to 2.0 vol%, but heat transfer decreased after 2.0 vol%. Furthermore, the thermal resistance was calculated and it was seen that adding nanoparticles with an average diameter smaller than 25 nm into the base fluid caused the thermal resistance to decrease.     

矩形微槽道结构与平板微热管传热特性研究

为研究矩形槽道深度对平板微热管传热特性的影响,根据ANSYS(有限元)软件瞬态热仿真结果进行结构设计,利用MEMS(微电子机械系统)干法刻蚀工艺分别制作了不同深度的等宽和不等宽矩形槽道平板微热管。采用乙醇液体工质并在加热功率恒定的条件下,分析了不同充液率的平板微热管轴向温度分布及其等效导热系数。研究结果表明:在加热功率为3.1 W的条件下,槽道深度为220μm的矩形槽道微热管比槽道深度为180μm的矩形槽道微热管传热性能提高近60%,不等宽矩形槽道微热管的轴向温差为25℃左右,要优于等宽矩形槽道微热管的45℃。由此得到微槽道的深度越深,微热管传热性能越佳;不等宽槽道微热管的传热性能优于等宽槽道微热管。     

纵向涡发生器几何参数对微通道流动传热特性的影响研究

为增强微通道的流动和换热特性,对微通道结合纵向涡发生器进行了数值模拟,分析不同雷诺数下纵向涡发生器的长度、横向间隙对微通道流动与换热性能指标的影响。结果表明:在进口速度为0.5～2 m/s时,雷诺数的增加会引起微通道内的换热性能增强,摩擦因子减小及综合传热性减小;涡发生器长度对换热影响较小,但增加涡发生器长度会引起阻力增加,横向间距对阻力影响较小,但增加横向间距会引起换热性能提高;涡发生器长度为0.30～0.40 mm时综合因子为0.94～1.21,横向间隙为0.1～0.5 mm时综合因子为0.88～1.17;纵向涡发生器长度为0.3 mm和横向间隙为0.5 mm时,有利于综合传热性能的提高。在低雷诺数时微通道结合纵向涡发生器的强化传热和综合传热因子要比高雷诺数时好。     

纳米流体在内置扭带外螺纹管内的流动和换热特性

为了研究纳米流体在内置扭带外螺纹管内的流动与传热特性,在Re(雷诺数)为2 000~12 000的范围内,分别对质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%和0.6%的Cu、Al、A1_2O3、Fe_2O_3、多壁碳纳米管和石墨纳米流体在内置扭带外螺纹管内的流动与对流换热特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:在相同Re下不同纳米流体都存在最佳浓度比0.5%,其中Cu-水纳米流体的换热性能最好但是摩擦阻力较大,石墨的换热性能和摩擦阻力方面的综合性能最好。内置扭带外螺纹管较光管在换热性能方面提高了50.32%,但摩擦阻力系数也相应增加。根据实验数据对热性能系数进行了综合分析,得到了石墨纳米流体内置扭带外螺纹管对流换热以及摩擦阻力系数关联式,其计算值和实验值有较好的吻合度。     

Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection in a Triangle Cavity Filled with Nanofluids Using Tiwari and Das' Model: Effects of Heat Flux

In this article, we present a fully higher‐order compact (FHOC) finite difference method to investigate the effects of heat flux on natural convection of nanofluids in a right‐angle triangle cavity, where the left vertical side is heated with constant heat flux both partially and throughout the entire wall, the inclined wall is cooled, and the rest of walls are kept adiabatic. The Darcy flow and the Tiwari and Das’ nanofluid models are considered. Investigations with four types of nanofluids were made for different values of Rayleigh numbers with the range of 100 ≤ Ra ≤ 50,000, size of heat flux as 0.1 ≤ ε ≤ 1.0, enclosure aspect ratio as 0.5 ≤ AR ≤ 2.0, and solid volume fraction parameter of nanofluids with the range of 0% ≤ ? ≤ 20%. Results show that the average heat transfer rate increases significantly as particle volume fraction and Rayleigh numbers increase, and the maximum value of average Nusselt number is obtained by decreasing the enclosure aspect ratio. The results also show that the average heat transfer decreases with an increase in the length of the heater. Furthermore, multiple correlations in terms of the Rayleigh numbers and the solid volume fraction of four types of nanoparticles have been established in a general form.     

纳米流体传热强化技术

主要汇总了国内外纳米流体传热强化技术的研究成果,对纳米流体传热强化技术的国内外研究发展状况进行了综述;针对纳米流体的物性参数及流动情况,分析了纳米流体的强化传热机理;并具体阐述了纳米流体的主要物性参数——导热系数和粘度的影响因素;叙述了纳米流体的在各个领域中的应用并对其未来进行了展望。     

水平光管内R410A与R134a流动冷凝换热特性的对比研究

为研究R410A与R134a在水平光管内的冷凝换热特性,在管内冷凝换热试验台上进行冷凝试验,分析质量流量、冷凝温度、测试水雷诺数Re、管径和制冷剂物性对换热系数和压降的影响。研究表明:换热系数、压降均随着质量流量的增加而变大,随冷凝温度的升高而减小,换热系数随测试水雷诺数Re的增加而减小,而测试水雷诺数Re对压降的影响相对较小;尽管R410A的换热系数随管径的减小而增大,而管径对R134a换热系数的影响并不显著,R134a与R410A的压降均随管径的减小而增大;单位压降换热系数随质量流量的增加而减小; Cavallini et al.关联式可较好预测R410A与R134a在光管内换热系数,而Shah关联式只能用于预测R134a的换热系数。     

自激振荡流热管内Cu-水纳米流体的传热特性

对工质为Cu-水纳米流体的自激振荡流热管在不同激光加热功率下的热传输特性进行了实验研究,并对工质为蒸馏水的自激振荡流热管的传热性能进行了比较.通过对不同的充液率、Cu纳米颗粒份额的Cu-水纳米流体自激振荡流热管实验结果分析发现:自激振荡流热管内Cu-水纳米流体的热传输具有一定的特殊性,在一定条件下纳米流体可以起到强化传热的作用,但决定纳米流体自激振荡流热管热传输性能的参数应是充液率.     

圆形换热板片传热及流动性能对比计算研究

整理了几种与研究结构相关的换热器的传热系数与压降计算公式,如:螺旋板式、伞板式、弯管式,并针对新型圆形换热板片进行了传热和压降的计算研究及其对比分析,得出了板片的主要设计参数对流动与传热的影响规律,所做工作对新型圆形板片式换热器的优化设计有重要的参考价值。     

波纹管内流动与传热规律的数值计算

采用三维层流及低雷诺数湍流模型对波纹管内流动与传热性能进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好.通过数值计算拓宽了波纹管流动与传热关联式的参数范围,发现在较大雷诺数(RP)范围内波纹管阻力系数随Re的变化趋势表现为指数规律.考察了不同波纹高度、波纹间距对流动与传热的影响,并对模型参数进行了综合性能评价,结果表明:波纹高度对波纹管内流动与传热的影响较波纹间距更显著;波纹管结构的强化传热性能只有在高Re条件下才得以体现,Re越大,波纹管综合性能因子也越高.通过数值计算得到了波纹管流动与传热的最优结构参数及最佳传热雷诺数范围.     

微细通道内R290流动沸腾换热特性实验研究

对R290制冷剂在微细通道内的流动沸腾换热特性进行了实验研究。研究管径分别为1和2 mm,热流密度为20~65 k W/m~2,质量流率为100~200 kg/m~2·s,饱和温度为15和25℃,干度范围为0.1~0.9。通过实验数据分析管径、热流密度、质量流率、饱和温度对流动沸腾换热的影响。结果表明:随着管径的下降,换热系数呈现出大幅上升的趋势,其平均增幅为31%;随着热流密度的上升,换热系数呈现出大幅上升的趋势,其平均增幅达到了131%;随着质量流率的上升,换热系数呈现出小幅上升的趋势,其平均增幅为14%;随着饱和温度的上升,大部分换热系数呈现出小幅上升的趋势,其平均增幅为12.6%。     

Numerical estimation of pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics in annular‐finned channel heat exchangers with different channel configurations

In this numerical investigation, three‐dimensional analysis has been used to study the effect of finned channels configuration of (circular, square, and triangular shape) and fin spacing with four rows in staggered arrangements. The finite volume method with k‐ ω turbulent model is applied to estimate the heat transfer and flow characteristics. The results illustrate that the development of the boundary layer between the fins surfaces is credited to the finned channels configuration, fin spacing, and Reynolds number. Moreover, the results of pressure drop and heat transfer with various channel configuration and different fin spacings (1.6, 2, and 4 mm) are presented and validated with the available correlations. The triangular‐finned channel with 1.6 mm fin spacing offered higher heat transfer enhancement followed by square‐ and circular‐finned channels. A considerable agreement was observed when the current findings and the existing correlations were compared, with a maximum deviation of 15% for all the cases.