气体分离膜的发展历程

着重阐述了膜在国外和国内的发展情况,通过对国内外有机膜的发展情况进行了大量的调研,并在石油化工行业的气体分离和回收等方面的应用进行了综合描述,使读者可以清晰看到膜的发展链条,了解有机膜在石化领域的应用情况。     

Graphynes for Water Desalination and Gas Separation

Selective transport of mass through membranes, so‐called separation, is fundamental to many industrial applications, e.g., water desalination and gas separation. Graphynes, graphene analogs yet containing intrinsic uniformly distributed pores, are excellent candidates for highly permeable and selective membranes owing to their extreme thinness and high porosity. Graphynes exhibit computationally determined separation performance far beyond experimentally measured values of commercial state‐of‐the‐art polyamide membranes; they also offer advantages over other atomically thin membranes like porous graphene in terms of controllability in pore geometry. Here, recent progress in proof‐of‐concept computational research into various graphynes for water desalination and gas separation is discussed, and their theoretically predicted outstanding permeability and selectivity are highlighted. Challenges associated with the future development of graphyne‐based membranes are further analyzed, concentrating on controlled synthesis of graphyne, maintenance of high structural stability to withstand loading pressures, as well asthe demand for accurate computational characterization of separation performance. Finally, possible directions are discussed to align future efforts in order to push graphynes and other 2D material membranes toward practical separation applications.     

Permeation Rate in Selective Membrane Gas Separation

The procedure of calculation of the permeation rate in membrane selective separation of binary gas mixtures with allowance for the convective external and intramembrane diffusion resistances has been proposed. The calculated concentration distributions in the membrane pressure channel have been compared to the literature experimental data; their satisfactory agreement has been shown. The ordinary nonlinear differential equation of first order for the permeation rate as a function of the physical properties of a binary gas mixture and the parameters of a membrane element has been solved. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 421–426, May–June, 2008.     

温室气体CO_2的分离技术

二氧化碳(CO2)是重要的温室气体,如何将CO2从混合气体中分离出来并加以合理利用,是消除温室效应的根本所在。按照不同的CO2分离方法,对其分离机理、分离状况和分离效果进行了详细的阐述;对CO2的分离和利用前景提出了自己的看法,以期发现CO2分离和利用双赢的新方法,并对生产实践能有所帮助。     

新型无机二维材料在气体分离膜领域的研究进展

气体膜分离技术是过滤与分离工业的重要技术之一,相比于传统分离技术更加高效、节能、环保。新型无机二维材料在分离膜领域的应用,有望同时实现高选择性和高渗透率,突破商业聚合物膜渗透率和选择性相互制约的瓶颈,极大地促进高性能分离膜的发展。本文简述了膜的气体分离机制,综述了石墨烯基、过渡金属硫族化物(TMDs)和二维过渡金属碳化物/氮化物(MXene)等新型无机二维材料近年来在气体分离膜领域的研究进展,包括其设计、制造和应用,探讨了不同材料分离膜的特点、面临的挑战和发展前景。此外,本文对其他新兴二维材料——层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)、六方氮化硼(h-BN)、云母纳米片等的分离膜研究也进行了概述。最后,对新型无机二维材料在气体分离膜领域的研究方向及面临的挑战作出了评价。     

菱沸石分子筛膜的合成调控与气体分离研究进展

菱沸石(Chabazite, CHA)分子筛膜因其八元环小孔(0.38 nm)三维孔道结构、可调的表面特性、较高的材料稳定性与制备可重复性,在轻质气体分离方面具有优异性能,近年来逐渐成为分子筛膜研究热点之一。本综述介绍了两种CHA分子筛膜(SAPO-34膜、SSZ-13膜)的基本特性,对比了CHA分子筛膜的合成方法(原位合成法、二次生长法、微波加热法)优缺点及其应用现状,并重点针对主流的二次生长法制备SSZ-13膜与SAPO-34膜过程中关键条件对薄膜质量的影响规律进行了详细阐述,包括铺种条件(载体种类、晶种类别、铺种方式),水热合成条件(晶化时间、晶化温度、含水量、硅铝比、模板剂、阳离子种类)与煅烧方式(常规煅烧、分段煅烧、快速热处理),经细化分析总结出上述两种膜的优选合成条件;并进一步汇总了CHA分子筛膜表面化学调控(硅铝比调控、阳离子交换、杂原子替换、氨基功能化、表面修饰)对气体分离增强的策略,总结了CHA分子筛膜在各种气体体系中的分离特点与单组分气体渗透特性。最后,对CHA分子筛膜今后的发展和应用前景进行了展望。     

气体分离复合膜涂层因子模型

本文利用电路原理,针对多孔支撑气体分离复合膜的特点,引入涂层因子,推导出分离系数、渗透速率与该因子的关系式.并讨论了底膜透量、涂层厚度对复合膜性能的影响。文中采用乙基纤维素/聚砜复合膜进行氧氮分离实验,发现上述模型能较好地拟合实验结果。     

温室气体CO2的分离技术

二氧化碳（CO2）是重要的温室气体,如何将CO2从混合气体中分离出来并加以合理利用,是消除温室效应的根本所在。按照不同的CO2分离方法,对其分离机理、分离状况和分离效果进行了详细的阐述;对CO2的分离和利用前景提出了自己的看法,以期发现CO2分离和利用双赢的新方法,并对生产实践能有所帮助。     

Theory of Membrane Separation of Binary Gas Mixtures

A general approach to the solution of the problem on convective mass transfer in the process of separation of binary gas mixtures in the channels of membrane units is proposed. An integral equation for the main separation parameter -- the rate of flow of a binary mixture component through a membrane -- has been obtained.     

气体分离用复合无机膜的制备技术

本文介绍了无机膜的制备原理。以溶胶－凝胶成膜技术和无电镀成膜技术对无机基质膜进行改性修饰，制成不同性能的无机复合膜，以满足不同的应用需要。详细描述了这两种成膜技术的工艺过程理论和控制参数。     

浅谈大型空分设备在线气体分析仪的配置

根据空分设备工艺特点,要获得合格的产品氧、氮和氩,必须设置一些在线分析监控：空气中CO2分析,产品氧、氮气纯度分析,产品氩中微量氧、微量氮分析;为了保证空分设备的安全运行,需要设置碳氢化合物总量、各痕量分析,氮氧化合物分析.     

氢气分离技术的研究现状

高纯氢气的制取已经成为21世纪材料领域的研究热点之一,而氢气分离技术作为制取高纯氢气的一个关键环节,尤为引人注目.介绍了氢气分离方法的原理、特点、应用和研究现状,探讨了氢气分离方法的现存问题及发展前景.     

本征型聚酰亚胺膜气体分离性能的研究进展

包装内环境气氛对产品的性能具有重要的影响。选择合适的包装材料,控制包装内环境气氛的成分与含量,可有效延长产品的储存时间与使用寿命。为了实现良好的包装内环境气氛控制效果,包装材料需具备合适的气体分离性能。聚酰亚胺因其优异的气体分离性能、热稳定性和结构可设计性等特点受到关注,但气体渗透-选择性的平衡问题限制了其广泛应用。梳理了聚酰亚胺气体分离膜性能的研究进展,重点阐述了如何通过分子结构设计实现聚酰亚胺致密膜与微孔膜的性能调控,并对聚酰亚胺基气体分离膜材料的发展进行了展望。     

氢同位素低温气相色谱分离装置的研制

低温吸附是一种有效的氢同位素分离方式,是国际热核实验堆（ITER）、聚变-裂变混合堆中包层氚提取系统和含氚重水氚回收系统的优选方案之一。课题组采用低温气相色谱技术研制了氢同位素分离装置,开展了氘-氢体系实验。实验结果表明：（1）分离装置的研制是成功的,实现了长期、连续、安全的运行;（2）分离效率高。既可以将天然丰度的氘氢样品浓缩至90％以上,也可以将氘丰度为0．08％的样品混合气分离后得到氘丰度为30％的产品,贫化部分氘丰度小于10^-5;（3）处理容量大。对氕-氘混合气的处理容量达到100m3／a的规模。     

Microporous Organic Materials for Membrane‐Based Gas Separation

Membrane materials with excellent selectivity and high permeability are crucial to efficient membrane gas separation. Microporous organic materials have evolved as an alternative candidate for fabricating membranes due to their inherent attributes, such as permanent porosity, high surface area, and good processability. Herein, a unique pore‐chemistry concept for the designed synthesis of microporous organic membranes, with an emphasis on the relationship between pore structures and membrane performances, is introduced. The latest advances in microporous organic materials for potential membrane application in gas separation of H₂, CO₂, O₂, and other industrially relevant gases are summarized. Representative examples of the recent progress in highly selective and permeable membranes are highlighted with some fundamental analyses from pore characteristics, followed by a brief perspective on future research directions.     

活性炭纤维及其在气体分离中的应用展望

活性炭纤维作为一种新型材料越来越多地应用于工业生产和人民日常生活当中。本文对活性炭纤维的制备过程、结构组成、性能及其影响因素以及它在气体分离中的应用作以综述。     

Separation of a Gas Mixture in Nanosize Porous Membranes. Effect of Adsorption and Surface Diffusion

Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics - The authors have studied the influence of the adsorption and surface diffusion of one component of a binary gas mixture on pore walls on the...