Uplink PID power control technique for TDMA‐based cellular radio systems

The efficient management of wireless resource is essential to the success of wireless systems. While power control is traditionally considered to be a means to counteract the detrimental effects of channel fading, it is also a flexible mechanism that achieves high link quality, high bandwidth utilization, and low power consumption, which are mainly driven in cellular radio systems. Once the power control algorithm provides a lower outage probability, the SUs experienced adequate link quality need not to competitively increase their transmission power. Spontaneously, the systems with lower power consumption and better bandwidth efficiency are achieved. In this paper, a novel power control based on the proportional‐integration‐derivative (PID) controller is proposed, and its performance with an autonomous closed‐loop uplink power control model under the time division multiple access (TDMA) systems is presented. Computer simulation is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed power control algorithm in a cellular radio system with Rayleigh fading channels. The results show that our proposed power control algorithm is remarkably superior to several previous power control methods, especially in a short power control period. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Error statistics for average power measurements in wireless communication systems

The measurement of the average received power is essential for power control and dynamic channel allocation in wireless communication systems. However, due to the effects of multipath fading and additive noise inherent to the wireless channel, there can be significant errors in such measurements. In this paper, the error statistics for average power measurements are considered; in particular, the probability distribution of the value of the average received power at the time of interest conditioned on an outdated measurement is obtained. The resulting expression should have high utility in the analysis of wireless communication systems. However, in this paper, the design of power control algorithms that minimize the average transmitted power required to achieve a desired outage probability for the link is considered. A number of novel power control algorithms based on various models for the error in the average power measurement are derived. Numerical results indicate that power control algorithms based on the accurate expression derived in this paper can demonstrate significant gains over those based on previous approximate models.     

Study on multiple receiver systems in non-line-of-sight ultraviolet communication systems

In this article, multiple receiver effects in a non-line-of-sight （NLOS） ultraviolet （UV） communication system is studied. The idea of using multiple receivers for diversity reception is known as a practical, effective and widely applied technique in wireless communications. The current approach is to use multiple antennas at the receiver in order to improve the quality of the received signal. A method of modeling and simulation is proposed to depict the principle and feasibility of the multiple receiver adopted in UV communication. The study provides an insight to the channel characteristics and achievable capabilities of ultraviolet communication systems with multiple receivers. It provides guidelines for practical system design with discussions on trade off between the receiver gain and the additional cost.     

一种改进的电力线通信系统脉冲噪声抑制方法

为了抑制脉冲噪声对电力线正交频分复用（OFDM）通信系统的影响,最常用的方法之一是在接收端OFDM解调器之前前置一个置零非线性单元,即传统置零法。然而,由于引入了非线性失真,其性能并不理想。针对传统置零法引起的非线性失真问题,提出了一种基于迭代消除非线性失真的改进置零法。首先,对接收到的时域OFDM信号进行脉冲噪声检测和置零处理;然后,在频域利用已检测的符号来重构时域置零处理引入的非线性失真,并通过迭代提高重构的准确性;最后,从频域接收信号中减去重构的非线性失真。仿真结果表明,所提改进算法与传统置零法相比,有非常大的性能提升,增强了电力线OFDM通信系统对脉冲噪声的抵抗能力。     

基于博弈论的D2D通信功率控制算法

针对多D2D通信用户共享蜂窝网络频谱资源中的干扰进行研究,为了减少D2D用户间干扰带来的影响,提出了一种改进的基于博弈论的D2D通信功率控制算法。算法中的博弈者是复用相同频谱资源的多D2D通信用户。建立了博弈模型,并在代价函数中引入代价因子,确定了效用函数,得到参与博弈的D2D用户的最优响应函数。文中对博弈均衡特性进行分析,证明了模型中的策略能够达到稳定状态。通过仿真实验验证了算法的有效性,并且与其他算法对比,证明使用此改进算法的D2D用户吞吐量更大,公平性更高。     

Power control algorithm for MMSE receiver based CDMA systems

In this paper, a fully distributed power control algorithm (PCA) based on the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver is introduced. We study the convergence of the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and the total transmitted power and we compare, in terms of the capacity, the performance of a system in which the proposed PCA has been implemented and compared with a system with perfect power control. We show that capacity improvement of the order of 20% is obtained by using the proposed PCA     

Noise standards, measurements, and receiver noise definitions

This paper consists of four sections covering 1) basic principles of noise measurement, 2) the switching radiometer, 3) a survey of noise sources, and 4) concepts of noise factor and noise temperature. The first section presents basic formulas used in analyzing radiometers. The second discusses the switching radiometer, briefly tracing its development and usage in the standards field. The third section surveys the development of hot and cold thermal noise sources, noise diodes, and gas-discharge noise generators. The last section presents and discusses the basic definitions of receiver noise performance.     

基于嵌套张量模型的MIMO中继系统组合接收算法

目前在单向双跳多输入多输出(MIMO)中继系统中,基于嵌套张量模型的接收算法主要采用单步交替最小二乘(ALS)和KRF(Khatri-Rao Factorization)算法.在时变信道且实时性要求较高场景下,计算复杂度高是制约其应用的主要因素.为此,在对单向双跳MIMO中继系统建模基础上,提出了基于嵌套张量模型的双步组合接收算法.该算法通过对接收的数据张量进行重建,将符号估计和信道估计分离,充分利用ALS和KRF的算法优势,有效降低了计算复杂度.同时,对算法的可辨识性进行了分析.仿真结果表明,该算法保持了与传统嵌套PARAFAC的最小二乘(Nested PARAFAC ALS)算法的相同估计性能,在源天线个数变化时,计算复杂度降低了80%以上;在中继天线个数变化时,计算复杂度降低了50%以上.     

Uplink power control for TDMA portable radio channels

Power control based on signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) has been proposed as a technique for managing co-channel interference in frequency reuse radio systems. Recently, new autonomous power control methods were introduced to achieve near-optimum performance without difficult centralized control proposed earlier. The achievable performance from preliminary studies appears promising for providing significant increase in spectrum efficiency. However, the implementation of the SIR-based power control algorithms remains challenging. In this paper, implementation of power control that indirectly depends on SIR is discussed. As an example, a simple closed-loop power control algorithm for the portable transmitter is introduced for TDMA portable radio systems. While it may appear specific for the system considered, the underlying principle and parameters required (i.e., error indicator, received power level, and signal quality indicator) are common to the implementation of digital demodulation circuitry. Computer simulations indicate that SIR level is maintained at a level suitable for sustaining desirable performance. Furthermore, when the power-control updating period is short, as in the specific system considered, moderate-rate short-term fading can be tracked and mitigated     

一种基于LTE系统的上行同步控制算法

上行同步是移动通信技术中的一个重要环节,上行同步的结果将影响UE上行信道性能,文中提出了一种基于LTE系统MAC层的上行同步控制算法,为UE提供合理的定时提前指令参数。文中首先介绍了上行同步的流程,分析了上行同步过程中与TA相关的参数和配置,而且详细描述了上行同步控制算法的流程。仿真结果表明,UE在低速以及不同SINR情况下,该同步控制算法都能够有效避免符号间干扰。     

Adaptive closed-loop power control algorithms for CDMA cellular communication systems

Power control has been widely studied and shown to be crucial for the capacity and performance of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. Practical implementations typically employ fast closed-loop power control, where transmitters adjust their transmit powers according to commands received in a feedback channel. The loop delay resulting from the measurements, processing, and transmission of the power control commands can result in oscillations of the transmission powers and lead to degradation in the system performance. In this paper we present new adaptive closed-loop power control algorithms that are able to alleviate the effect of the loop delay. The algorithms are based on self-tuning controllers designed for a log-linear model of the power control process. We carried out computational experiments on a DS-CDMA network using the distributed constrained power control (DCPC) as a reference algorithm. Practical versions of the algorithms are also provided and they were compared with the fixed-step power control (FSPC) algorithm employed in the IS-95 and WCDMA systems. The numerical results indicate that our algorithms can significantly improve the radio network capacity without any increase in power control signaling.     

A direct conversion receiver for satellite communication systems

A direct receiver is an alternative to the well‐established super‐heterodyne receiver. It is especially attractive to highly integrated low‐cost terminals since it eliminates the need for components at intermediate frequencies. There is increasingly more interest in using it in various ground/space‐based systems. This article presents a new direct quadrature receiver that uses three channels with different phase shifts and a novel technique to derive the in‐phase and quadrature baseband signals independent of the actual gains and phases in the receiver chains. The new technique relies on the property that the in‐phase and quadrature signals are orthogonal, and its implementation involves the signal subspace decomposition and projection. Computer simulations and a 90 Mbps Ka‐band prototype receiver have demonstrated that the performance of the receiver closely matches the theory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Background noise in optical communication systems

The origin and magnitude of the several kinds of background noise that perturb optical communication receivers are discussed, including background radiation sources viewed directly, radiation reflected from background objects, and radiation scattered by the atmosphere into the receiver field of view. An extensive bibliography on this topic is presented.     

基于ONU的通信数据传递上行接入控制

利用ONU上行接入算法,防止上行方向数据包的碰撞,给出了一种新的上行授权帧结构,一种改进的动态带宽分配算法.结合了轮询机制和申请的优先级,提高了上行带宽利用率.     

Adaptive noise mitigation based on peak estimate and feedback compensation in power line communication

According to the problem that the threshold for traditional blanking depends on the characteristic parameters of noise and exist large deviation,an adaptive noise mitigation algorithm based on peak estimate and feedback compensation(ANMPEFC)in power line communication was proposed.First,SLM mapping preprocessing method was employed to reduce the PAPR of emission signal,peak information was used to estimate the frequency of the received signal and the relationship between peak frequency and impulse characteristics was established.Next,received signal was processed by blanking block and feedback compensation block adaptively according to estimated pulse frequency.Finally, performance of proposed algorithm and existing algorithms were analyzed based on threshold deviation.According to the results from simulation,it is clearly demonstrated that the proposed ANMPEFC can work in power line impulse noise environment without knowing the noise characteristics and has better performance in contrast to existing impulse noise suppression algorithm.     

Phase noise measurements of low power signals

Measuring the phase fluctuation between a pair of low-power microwave signals, the signals must be amplified before detection. In such cases the phase noise of the amplifier pair is the main cause of 1/f residual noise. A new scheme is proposed that makes amplification possible while rejecting the 1/f (flicker) noise of the two amplifiers in real time. The first prototype, compared to a traditional saturated mixer system under the same conditions, shows a 24 dB noise reduction in the 1/f region.     

协同通信系统中基于遍历容量的近似最优功率分配

传统半双工放大转发(AF)协同通信无论信道状态如何,总是采用协同通信模式,在一定程度上降低了系统自由度的利用率.基于此研究了"何时协同"与最优发送功率分配的问题.首先给出了AF系统的遍历容量表达式及其上界;然后以遍历容量上界为代价函数,提出一种适用于AF系统的近似最优功率分配方案(AOPA),通过比较源-目的端与中继-目的端的统计信道增益来判定是否需要采用协同通信模式;最后,还分析了在中继端按随机方向模型移动时AOPA方案的性能.理论分析和仿真结果表明,AOPA方案在系统容量和误码差错性能上均要优于等功率EPA方案.     

多业务CDMA蜂窝移动通信系统的功率控制

本文提出了多业务CDMA蜂窝移动通信系统的一种下行链路功率控制策略，系统的最优功率分配可以归结为求解归一化链路增益矩阵在有约束条件下的最大实特征值。在对系统的最优功率分配进行理论分析的基础上，给予了相应的仿真结果，并针对实际系统负载过重的情形，提出了按照业务优先级别逐步去除小区用户的功率控制策略。     

现代通信系统电源设计

通信设备使用的电源器件有很多种,从前端的功率因数校正(PFC)AC／DC电源到后端的高效DC／DC模块和负载点(POL)转换器,不一而足。从需要很高效率的中间总线转换器(IBC),到那些日趋细小轻巧的VoIP数字电话,以及要求多路紧密调节电压(7～13路输出)的数字用户线(xDSL)电源等,DC／DC电源在现代通信中获得了广泛应用。