International direct dialing quality in a competitive transitionaltelecommunications market

The introduction of resale-based competition in international direct dialing services in January 1999 triggered a round of extremely fierce competition in Hong Kong's IDD market. In response, both the incumbent operator and new entrants had to adopt aggressive strategies to defend or gain market share. This article reports on an intensive experiment on IDD quality provided by the major IDD operators in Hong Kong after this phase of deregulation. Based on 1790 successful IDD calls to the 10 most popular destinations from Hong Kong, the IDD quality of the major operators was benchmarked. The experiment revealed some interesting findings with significant implications for telecommunications deregulation     

Risk analysis of residential broadband upgrade in a competitive andchanging market

The article presents risk and techno-economic analyses of broadband access network upgrade strategies for public network operators and cable operators in a competitive environment in the residential and small business market. The effect of uncertainties in predictions of critical parameters such as demand forecasts and market shares are analyzed. The assessed technology options include broadband twisted pair modem, hybrid fiber coax networks, and ATM-based passive optical networks     

Effects of deregulation on competitive market opportunities

On January 1, 1984, AT&T was divested of its 22 operating companies. On this same date the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) deregulated customer premise equipment (CPE) thereby restricting the telephone company's (telco) monopoly. This stimulated competition in the telecommunications marketplace while also individualizing the logistical channel of distribution and the communication channel. In the past demand within the logistical channel was dependent upon demand within the communication channel. The surge of competition ignited by the regulatory changes significantly altered these relations. Competition from supplier interconnects as well as long distance carriers are causing shifts that are changing the industry structure. This paper explores the interdependency of the logistical and communication channels within the environment of deregulation.     

电信企业市场竞争能力评价方法初探

在分析我国电信市场竞争中存在的问题的基础上 ,探讨了如何建立电信企业市场竞争能力评价指标体系 ,提出了市场竞争能力定量评价方法     

让“中国芯”成为IC产业的“Logo”

长期以来,芯片市场一直是欧美、日韩厂商的天下.可以说我国内地IC设计厂商在这重重包围之中一直举步维艰.然而,随着国内市场需求的不断增加和技术的迅速提高,"中国芯"开始显现出强大的发展潜力.2006年,已有10家中国本土IC设计厂商销售额超过一亿美元.IC设计行业成为我国半导体集成电路产业发展的领头羊,以此带动我国集成电路产业协调发展,而"中国芯"这一品牌性"钢印"将是我国集成电路产业成果的重要"标识".     

触控市场快速增长,但竞争日趋激烈

本文介绍了全球触摸式控制器的市场和技术动向,及部分企业的研发和产品动向.     

Mobile services with handset bundling and governmental policies for competitive market

Governmental policies can significantly affect the social adoption of services offered by communication technology providers and competition between service providers. Following the implementation of several policies by the Korean government and mobile network operators’ promotion of mobile handset bundling, consumer adoption rates of the latest mobile phone and communications services have been higher in Korea than in other countries. Mobile handset bundling provides consumers the bundled sale of mobile phones and services, but this practice can restrict consumers’ choice of services and limit competition among service providers. This study analyses this ambivalent effect of bundling by mobile network operators (MNOs) and evaluates the outcomes of the Korean government policies (2011–14) using market statistics. Our results highlight that the policies have produced changes in market share but the government needs to promote service differentiation among providers.     

Developing the competitive utility network management market — The 24seven experience

Ohne Zusammenfassung Kurzfassung eines Vortrags der 40. Fachtagung der ?sterreichischen Gesellschaft für Energietechnik (OGE) im OVE, die am 7. und 8. November 2002 in Wien stattfindet.     

Numbering in a competitive environment

The role of numbering in the provision of telecommunications has changed substantially since the introduction of competition in the provision of service. This article looks at the changes that have been driven by competition and some examples of the problems caused by a lack of clear public policy direction, and suggests a method in order to proceed to resolve this deficiency     

Traffic trading in the competitive international voice market - [Accepted from open call]

This article highlights the trends that are reshaping the international long distance voice market. Our analysis focuses on voice exchanges, namely, electronic marketplaces where huge volumes of ILD voice traffic are traded and routed. Various existing models of voice exchanges are compared: Arbinet, which started in 1996, providing TDM circuit-switched interconnection; and newer exchanges, based natively on VoIP, namely, Voice Peering Fabric by Stealth, Infiniroute, XConnect, and Arena by Interoute. The evolution of interconnection mechanisms and the consequent impact on the role of exchanges are discussed. The Calling Party's Network Pays and the Bill & Keep interconnection commercial models are presented, and we discuss issues for their applicability. Per-volume and flatfee charging models for interconnection between operators are compared. Finally, the impact of these models on future business scenarios of voice exchanges is analyzed. The way in which call termination models will change in the future is uncertain. Regulatory aspects, service-specific requirements, country-specific issues, and market dynamics must all be taken into consideration prior to establishing the interconnection regime that will be widely adopted in the future.     

Switching in vacuum. a review

The growing use of vacuum interruption devices by the power and control industries in the past decade has introduced these mechanisms to many people to whom the area of vacuum switching is somewhat new. It is felt that a review of vacuum switching from a historical and technological standpoint will facilitate a more general understanding of this important subject.     

Gaining competitive advantage in the U.S. wireless telephony market: The marketing challenge

Wireless telephony in the U.S. is undergoing a major change due to Federal Communications Commission regulations and the new telecommunications bill. This paper identifies some of the major strategic and environmental factors associated with this change. Some strategies for gaining sustainable competitive advantage are discussed along with their marketing implications.     

多运营商竞争环境下的接入网建设模式

在多运营商环境下，运营商相互进入对方市场展开充分竞争还需要一个漫长的过程。国外及国内的前车之鉴已经充分证明，不掌握本地的接入资源，仅仅靠拥有长途传输根本无法进入业以形成的本地领域。传统运营商在对方优势领域由于不再具有机房、管道、线路等基础设施优势，降低对建网环境的要求也成为接入网络建设考虑的前提条件。     

Path Rearranging in a Data Switching Network

Path rearranging results in a 60 percent savings of hardware in a nonblocking 2048-line switch. The blocked connection is freed up by exchanging paths between two middle matrices. Selection criteria for the middle matrices include the incidence of duplicate connections through these matrices. A path rearranging algorithm is derived from the Paull method and implemented in software by the network control microprocessor. Two buses are required for data switching to prevent any interruption in the data stream during rearranging.     

Supercomputing-Japan: a competitive assessment

Japanese supercomputers (e.g. Hitac S-3800, NEC SX-3R, Fujitsu VP2000) are described and compared with US machines. The Japanese approach has been to develop high-speed single processor systems with vector processing functions which are driven by the fastest technologies. Ease of programming and of use are taken into account. The result has been first-rate applications for supercomputers, but software, in general, lags behind that of the US. Academic access to supercomputers is also behind that in the US. The ambitious Real-World Computing Program (RWC), a 10-year Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) program with a budget of about 60 billion yen (almost US $500 million), focuses on R&D for what is called flexible or intuitive information processing-the way human beings absorb information and make decisions     

A Three-Level Full-Bridge Zero-Voltage Zero-Current Switching Converter With a Simplified Switching Scheme

Multilevel dc–dc converters making use of high-frequency transformers are suitable for integration in solid-state solutions for applications in electric power distribution systems. This paper presents a simplified switching scheme for three-level full-bridge dc–dc converters that enables zero-voltage and zero-current switching of all the main power devices. It describes the main operational modes and design equations of the converter as well as provides simulation and experimental results to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed ideas.      

Bipolar Resistive Electrical Switching of CuTCNQ Memories Incorporating a Dedicated Switching Layer

In this letter, we investigate bipolar resistive switching of CuTCNQ-based memory cells in which various types of oxides are incorporated as dedicated switching layer (SL) in a bottom $ hbox{electrode}!setminus!hbox{oxide}!setminus!hbox{CuTCNQ}!setminus!hbox{top electrode}$ configuration. The bottom electrode was Pt as well as $hbox{n}^{+}hbox{Si}$ . As oxide SL, we used $hbox{Al}_{2}hbox{O}_{3}$ , $hbox{HfO}_{2}$, $ hbox{ZrO}_{2}$, and $hbox{SiO}_{2}$. Au was employed as the top electrode. The basic memory characteristics appear to be independent of the type of oxide used. This gives clear indication that the materials investigated as SL mainly act as matrix in which conductive channels are formed and dissolved.      

Cell Switching Versus Packet Switching in Input-Queued Switches

Input Queued (IQ) switches have been well studied in the past two decades by researchers. The main problem concerning IQ switches is scheduling the switching fabric in order to transfer packets from input ports to output ports. Scheduling is relatively easier when all packets are of the same size. However, in practice, packets are of variable length. In the current implementation of switches, variable length packets are segmented into fixed length packets—also knowns as cells—for the purpose of scheduling. However, such cell-based switching comes with some significant disadvantages: (a) loss of bandwidth due to the existence of incomplete cells; and (b) additional overhead of segmentation of packets and re-assembly of cells. This is a strong motivation to study packet-based scheduling, i.e., scheduling the transfer of packets without segmenting them. The problem of packet scheduling was first considered by Marsan They showed that under any admissible Bernoulli IID (independent and identically distributed) arrival traffic, a simple modification of the Maximum Weight Matching (MWM) algorithm achieves 100% throughput. In this paper, we first show that no work-conserving (i.e., maximal) packet-based algorithm is stable for arbitrary admissible arrival processes. Thus, the results of Marsan are strongly dependent on the arrival distribution. Next, we propose a new class of “waiting” algorithms. We show that the “waiting”-MWM algorithm is stable for any admissible traffic using the fluid limit technique. We would like to note that the algorithms presented in this paper are distribution independent or universal. The algorithms and proof methods of this paper may be useful in the context of other scheduling problems.     

Store-and-Forward Buffer Requirements in a Packet Switching Network

Previous analytic models for packet switching networks have always assumed infinite storage capacity in store-store-and-forward (S/F) nodes. In this paper, we relax this assumption and present a model for a packet switching network in which each node has a finite pool of S/F buffers. A packet arriving at a node in which all S/F buffers are temporarily filled is discarded. The channel transmission control mechanisms of positive acknowledgment and time-out of packets are included in this model. Individual S/F nodes are analyzed separately as queueing networks with different classes of packets. The single node results are interfaced by imposing a continuity of flow constraint. A heuristic algorithm for determining a balanced assignment of nodal S/F buffer capacities is proposed. Numerical results for the performance of a 19 node network are illustrated.     

IP交换与标记交换

简要介绍ＩＰ与ＡＴＭ结合构造宽带Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的两种模型，并对集成模型中的ＩＰ交换与标记交换的网络结构，工作原理进行了介绍，分析和比较。