H2S-3 %NaCl-H2O体系中渗铝钢及其中间相的腐蚀行为

为防止H2S腐蚀,采用热镀铝法制取了渗铝钢,探讨了渗铝钢在不同浓度的H2S－3％NaCl-H2O体系中的腐蚀行为,熔炼了FeAl3,Fe2Al5,Fe2Al等铁铝合金;并采用阳极溶解技术获得了渗铝钢扩散层中不同的中间相层,测量了其在500mg/LH2S－3％NaCl-H2O溶液中的自然腐蚀电位、极化曲线和电化学阻抗,结果表明渗铝钢在该体系中腐蚀速率较Q235钢低2－3个数量级。     

基于点蚀的316L不锈钢在酸性气田环境中的适应性评价

国内外酸性气田的开发使腐蚀环境越来越苛刻,为满足气液混输的工艺要求,发展了耐蚀合金/碳钢的双金属复合管技术。316L不锈钢被广泛用于双金属管的内衬,在含H_2S和CO_2环境中腐蚀速率很低,然而在高含Cl-的溶液中,316L不锈钢容易出现点蚀而诱发集输管线失效,为此,就316L不锈钢在酸性气田集输环境中的点蚀进行评述。讨论了影响316L不锈钢点蚀的材质因素,Mn和Fe的硫化物及Mg、Al、Ca的氧化物等两种夹杂物均能促进钝化膜的溶解而引起点蚀;分析了316L不锈钢点蚀的H_2S、CO_2、温度、Cl-浓度和pH值等环境的适应性条件,发现H_2S环境比CO_2环境更容易发生点蚀,H_2S和CO_2对点蚀发生存在协同机制,温度升高、Cl-浓度增加和酸性介质均会增加316L不锈钢点蚀的敏感性。为进一步优化选材原则,需重点加强环境因素的协同机制、环境适应性的边界条件、点蚀发展的动力学以及新的标准研究。     

激光合成Ni_3Al金属间化合物的腐蚀行为

通过激光技术合成单Ni3Al相金属间化合物,利用电化学方法及盐雾试验研究了Ni3Al金属间化合物在Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为特征、耐腐蚀性能及腐蚀机理。结果表明:激光合成Ni3Al金属间化合物在不同浓度的Na Cl腐蚀介质中均能形成保护性钝化膜,当Na Cl溶液浓度低于2%时,钝化膜具有良好的稳定性和耐腐蚀性能。当Na Cl溶液浓度高于3.5%时,钝化膜产生活化溶解,稳定性下降,Ni3Al金属间化合物表面形成点蚀坑,并且随腐蚀介质浓度增大,腐蚀加剧。Ni3Al金属间化合物表面点蚀坑边缘规整、腐蚀界限清晰,腐蚀机制为典型的晶内腐蚀,腐蚀过程中未形成应力腐蚀微裂纹等破坏性缺陷,具备在沿海湿热盐雾环境下使用的潜在价值。     

Ni-Cu-P钢耐点蚀性能的机理研究

选择Ni-Cu-P钢和碳钢各两种,在pH=10的3%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中进行极化实验,比较钢的点蚀诱发敏感性;在3%海盐水中进行间浸挂片实验,评价钢的点蚀扩展速率;利用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析钢中夹杂物、腐蚀形貌和锈层的特征。结果表明:Ni-Cu-P钢比碳钢表现出更弱的点蚀诱发敏感性和更小的点蚀扩展速率。较弱的脱氧可降低碳钢的耐点蚀性能,但对Ni-Cu-P钢不产生明显影响。锈层分析结果发现,Ni-Cu-P钢和碳钢内锈层的主要成分接近,但Ni-Cu-P钢的内锈层明显比碳钢致密。Ni-Cu-P钢中Ni和P能有效降低酸化蚀坑内钢基体的腐蚀速率;Cu则有助于致密锈层的形成。     

渗铝钢在Na2SO4V2O5熔盐体系中的热腐蚀行为

以往对渗铝钢耐热腐蚀性能的研究缺乏深度,为解决实际问题,在750 ℃模拟灰垢熔盐体系中,研究了加热炉辐射室炉管常用材料20G钢、20G渗铝钢、Cr5Mo钢、Cr5Mo渗铝钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:20G钢、Cr5Mo钢、20G渗铝钢和Cr5Mo渗铝钢抗熔灰腐蚀能力依次增强;渗铝可以大大提高合金的耐熔灰腐蚀性能,在纯空气中氧化,其耐蚀性能也十分优异;20G渗铝钢在熔灰腐蚀时元素Al优先氧化并不十分明显,Cr5Mo渗铝钢在熔灰腐蚀时元素Al优先氧化;按照电化学模型,在熔灰腐蚀中V-2O-5不但会溶解金属氧化物的保护层,而且还参与阴极过程,循环反应,加速了金属的氧化腐蚀.     

X80钢在不同土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用失重法、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究了X80钢在3种土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:X80钢在鄯善和新洲模拟溶液中以均匀腐蚀为主;而其在樟树模拟溶液中以点蚀为主。X80钢在3种不同模拟溶液中的腐蚀速率满足:樟树新洲鄯善。在鄯善模拟溶液中,结晶盐CaSO4.2H2O随浸泡时间的增加不断析出并沉积在腐蚀产物层表面,一定程度上抑制了Cl-和溶解O对X80钢的侵蚀作用,减缓了X80钢的均匀腐蚀速率。在樟树模拟溶液中,X80钢表面难以形成保护性产物层,腐蚀随时间不断加剧,最终促进点蚀的发生。     

2205双相不锈钢在CO_2-H_2S-Cl~--H_2O环境中的电化学腐蚀行为

为充分了解2205双相不锈钢在CO2-H2S-Cl--H2O环境下的耐蚀性能,尤其是其抗点蚀特性,借助计时电流和动电位循环极化测试等手段研究了其钝化动力学特征以及腐蚀特征参数如Ecorr、Epit、Epp、ΔE和Jpass的变化,分析了2205双相不锈钢在含CO2和CO2/H2S的Na Cl溶液中的点蚀差异,并对其点蚀和钝化机理进行了讨论。结果表明,2205双相不锈钢具有优越的抗CO2腐蚀性能,随Cl-浓度增大,发生点腐蚀敏感性提高;随H2S浓度增大,点蚀电位Epit和保护电位Epp均降低,钝化区域稳定性下降,点蚀敏感性进一步提高。     

S2O2-3对DP980高强钢在NaCl水溶液中的点蚀行为的影响

钢是一种冷轧双相高强度结构钢,成本低且具备良好的强度和塑性,在海工领域有巨大的潜在应用价值,但其在苛刻海水环境下的耐腐蚀性能,尤其是耐点蚀等局部腐蚀的能力有待深入研究.本文采用动电位极化法对DP980高强钢在含S₂O₃^2-离子的NaCl水溶液中的点蚀行为进行了研究,结果发现：在纯硫代硫酸钠水溶液中,DP980高强钢不发生点蚀;在不同质量分数的NaCl水溶液中,DP980高强钢发生点蚀,且随着Cl^-离子浓度的增大,DP980高强钢试样的耐点蚀性能下降明显;向NaCl溶液中加入浓度为0.001、0.01、0.1、1 mol/L的Na₂S₂O₃时,DP980高强钢试样的点蚀敏感性降低,点蚀受到明显抑制;随着Na₂S₂O₃浓度的升高,DP980高强钢的腐蚀主要以均匀腐蚀的形式发生;当试样浸泡在不同质量分数(0.1%、1%、10%)NaCl的1 mol/L Na₂S₂O₃溶液后,对试样表面腐蚀产物及腐蚀形貌进行扫描电镜观察及能谱分析,显示试样均发生均匀腐蚀,腐蚀产物为铁的硫化物,且未发现明显的点蚀.     

铬钢在模拟油田CO2腐蚀中的点蚀行为

在模拟油田CO2腐蚀环境中，研究了不同含Cr量N80钢的点蚀特征。结果表明，普通N80钢CO2腐蚀的腐蚀产物膜下会出现明显的点蚀现象，基体金属中加入Cr后，会有效抑制点蚀的发生；随着Cr含量增加，抑制作用越来越显著。1％Cr的N80钢点蚀坑大小明显小于普通N80钢，而4％～5％CrN80钢则呈均匀腐蚀形态，已经没有点蚀现象发生。     

Q235钢热浸渗铝层的组织结构和耐高温腐蚀性能

分析了Q235钢渗铝层的显微组织,并对其耐高温氧化和热腐蚀性能进行了研究。能谱分析（EDS）结果表明,热浸渗铝层由表层纯铝层和内层η相（Fe2Al5)组成,经扩散退火后,渗层组织由表及里依次出现η相（Fe2Al5)、ζ相（FeAl2)、β2相（FeAl)、β1相（Fe3Al)和固溶体α相。高温氧化和热腐蚀试验结果表明,渗铝Q235钢的耐高温氧化性能和1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢相当,而耐热腐蚀性能明显优于后者。     

土壤盐浓差对碳钢/铝合金电偶腐蚀行为影响

利用砂土作为模拟土壤 ,通过失重法及电化学方法相结合 ,研究了土壤盐浓差( 2 0 %Cl-及 0 2 %Cl-)对A3钢 LC4铝合金电偶腐蚀的影响规律。结果表明 ,其电偶腐蚀主要取决于电偶对阴极A3钢所处的土壤条件 ,而与电偶对阳极所处的土壤条件关系不大。电偶对阴极处在高盐土壤中 ,其阴极保护效率较高 ,电偶对阳极LC4铝合金与同样试验条件下自然腐蚀相比 ,其腐蚀速率最大增加了 145倍。     

Analysis of reaction layer formed on steel strips during hot dip aluminising

Abstract

Aluminised steel sheets are currently used in many applications where the surface properties of aluminium combined with the formability, mechanical strength, and economic advantages of sheet material are obtained. During aluminising by hot dipping, an intermetallic reaction occurs due to diffusion between the aluminium bath and the steel sheet. The phases formed within the intermetallic layer and its thickness are important for determining the behaviour of the coating. In the present work, low alloy, medium carbon, low carbon 9Γ2C (9G2S), and low carbon steel sheets are used for hot dipping in a commercial purity aluminium bath. The temperatures used for hot dipping were 710 and 770°C and the immersion times were 2, 4, and 6 min. The results indicate that the thickness of the intermetallic layer X increases with increasing bath temperature and immersion time t. The variation of X with t followed the relationship X=Ktⁿ, where the constant K and the exponent n were found to depend on the carbon content and on the total alloying element content in the steel strip. With increasing total alloying elements, the thickness decreased. Analysis of the reaction layer indicates the formation of FeAl₂ in most cases in addition to FeAl₃, Fe₂Al₅, and Fe₂Al₃.     

Corrosion behaviour of a carbonaluminium composite

The influence of corrosion mediums on the corrosion behaviour of a carbon fibre reinforced aluminium composite fabricated by the NaK method has been studied. The results obtained indicate that serious corrosion is produced after 2 weeks immersion in distilled water or in 3·5% salt solution, and long exposure to air will cause corrosion at defective zones (i.e. grain boundaries, the CAl interface). On the basis of the results obtained, the corrosion mechanism of this composite is discussed in detail.     

Corrosion Resistance of 2014 Aluminium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Atomised Ni3Al

The corrosion resistance of 2014 aluminium matrix composites has been evaluated. The base alloy was manufactured through mechanical alloying, and reinforced with Ni₃Al (manufactured through atomisation). Composite materials were manufactured according to the following procedure: mixing, cold uniaxial compacting, and hot extrusion. All materials were tested as extruded and heat treated (T6 condition). Corrosion tests were carried out following ASTM standard methods G69 (measurement of corrosion potentials) and G110 (evaluation of intergranular corrosion). The influence that the intermetallic and T6 heat treatment have on the corrosion resistance of 2014 aluminium alloy has been studied. Results show that atomised Ni₃Al improves the intergranular corrosion resistance of base aluminium by a mechanism of cathodic protection. T6 heat treatment is also favourable.     

Corrosion protection of aluminium-matrix aluminium nitride and silicon carbide composites by anodization

Anodization is an effective surface treatment for improving the corrosion resistance of aluminium-matrix composites. For SiC particle-filled aluminium, anodization was performed successfully in an acid electrolyte, as usual. However, for AlN particle-filled aluminium, anodization needed to be performed in an akaline (0.7 N NaOH) electrolyte instead of an acid electrolyte, because NaOH reduced the reaction between AlN and water, whereas an acid enhanced this reaction. The concentration of NaOH in the electrolyte was critical; too high a concentration of NaOH caused the dissolution of the anodizing product (Al2O3) by the NaOH, whereas too low a concentration of NaOH did not provide sufficient ions for the electrochemical process. The corrosion properties and anodization characteristic of pure aluminium, Al/AlN and Al/SiC were compared. Without anodization, pure aluminium had better corrosion resistance than the composites and Al/SiC had better corrosion resistance than Al/AlN. After anodization, the corrosion resistance of Al/AlN was better than Al/SiC and both composites were better than pure aluminium without anodization, but still not as good as the anodized pure aluminium.     

斜井全断面变径滑模新工艺--在三峡工程永久船闸地下输水系统斜井砼施工中的应用

文章简要介绍了斜井全断面变径滑模结构、工作原理和主要技术性能指标。针对三峡工程永久船闸地下输水系统斜井具有数量多、长度短、体型复杂、边墙高度逐渐变化等特点。混凝土施工采用全断面变径滑模新工艺,斜井直段一次浇筑成型,洞身高度变化在滑升过程中自动完成,并收到显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe–7Al based lightweight steel containing carbon

The effect of carbon on the microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight steel based on Fe–7 wt-%Al produced by air induction melting with flux cover is investigated. The ingots were hot worked to plates and were characterised. Steel containing 0.02 wt-%C exhibited a single phase microstructure Fe–Al(α), whereas steel containing 0.5 and 1.0 wt-% carbon exhibited a two-phase microstructure containing significant amounts of Fe₃AlC_0.5 precipitates in Fe–Al(α) matrix. Microhardness of the matrix decreases with increasing carbon content due to depletion of aluminium from the matrix to form Fe₃AlC_0.5 carbides. The bulk hardness, room temperature strength increases and tensile elongation decreases with increasing carbon content. However, at 873 K the improvement in strength as well as creep properties with increasing carbon content is marginal.     

Influence of coating on short steel fiber reinforcements on corrosion behavior of aluminium base short steel fiber reinforced composites

Steel fiber reinforced aluminium composites are attractive materials of high specific strength but exhibit poor resistance against electrochemical corrosion. The study discusses the electrochemical corrosion behavior of uncoated, copper and nickel coated short steel fiber reinforced aluminium and Al–2Mg matrix composites in 1 (N) NaCl solution. Galvanic corrosion between the steel fiber and aluminium governs the corrosion behavior of these composites. It has been observed that open circuit potential (OCP) is shifted to more negative side with copper coating on the fibers and to the more positive side on coating the fibers with nickel. Compared to the uncoated fiber higher corrosion current density indicates corrosion rate was observed for the copper coated fiber reinforced composites where as a lower current density was noted for the nickel coated fiber reinforced composites was observed. Addition of 2 wt% magnesium to aluminium alloy matrix increased the corrosion current density. The corrosion mechanism in these composites is dominated by galvanic cell formation that is evident from the dissolution of Al matrix near the peripheral region of steel fibers.     

X-ray diffraction and TEM analysis of Fe–Al alloy layer in coating of new hot dip aluminised steel

Abstract

The phase structure in the Fe-Al alloy layer of a new hot dip aluminised steel has been researched by means of electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction and TEM, etc. The test results indicated that the Fe-Al alloy layer of the new aluminised steel was composed of Fe₃Al, FeAl, a few Fe₂Al₅ and α-Fe (Al) solid solution. There was no brittle phase containing higher aluminium content, such as FeAl₃ (59.18 wt-%Al) and Fe₂Al₇ (62.93 wt-%Al). The tiny cracks and brittlement, formerly caused by these brittle phases in the conventional aluminium coated steel, were effectively eliminated. There was no microscopic defect (such as tiny cracks, pores or loose) in the coating. This is favourable for resisting high temperature oxidation and corrosion of the aluminised steel.     

碳钢大气腐蚀加速试验研究

对碳钢进行了四种加速腐蚀试验，研究表明，以氯化钠和过硫酸钠的混合液作为加速剂，采用含有干／湿循环过程的加速腐蚀试验方法，对碳钢大气腐蚀的模拟性和加速性较好。