Delayed Fracture Behavior of CrMo-Type High Strength Steel Containing Titanium

Generally ,thequenchedandtemperedlowalloysteelswithtensilestrengthabove 12 0 0MPaaresus ceptibletohydrogen induceddelayedfracture(HIDF) [1,2 ] .Extensivestudiesonthedelayedfracturebehaviorofhighstrengthsteelshavebeenperformedtheseyears,butthesatisfactorys…     

钛对高强度钢耐延迟断裂性能的影响

在42CrMo钢中加入不同含量的微合金元素钛，研究了钛对高强度钢耐延迟断裂性能的影响。试验结果表明，钢中添加适量的钛能够改变高强度钢的耐延迟断裂性能，这种影响主要来自于析出物TiC的氢陷阱作用和晶粒细化作用。     

1300 MPa High Strength Steel for Bolt with Superior Delayed Fracture Resistance

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Effects of Niobium and Vanadium on Hydrogen-Induced Delayed Fracture in High Strength Spring Steel

 Influence of vanadium and/or niobium additions on delayed fracture behavior in high strength spring steel was studied by hydrogen permeation method and slow strain rate technique (SSRT), and its mechanism was analyzed. The results show that apparent diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in microalloyed spring steels Nb V steel and Nb steel is lower than that in non microalloyed steel 60Si2MnA. Percentage of strength reduction in SSRT in air after precharged hydrogen of the microalloyed steels is smaller than that of 60Si2MnA. Addition of the microalloys changes the fracture characteristics. Thence, vanadium and/or niobium additions are a very effective and economy means to improve the hydrogen induced delayed fracture resistance of high strength spring steel.     

Study on hydrogen induced delayed fracture of 1500 and 2000MPa hot stamping steels

The application of hot-stamping steel (HS) in the automobile is an inevitable trend, but the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of HS steel still needs to be studied and improved. The hydrogen diffusion behavior and hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of 1500 and 2000MPa hot stamping steels were studied by means of hydrogen penetration, slow strain rate tensile (SSRT), and fracture analysis. The results show that the apparent diffusion coefficient Dap (1.71×10-7cm2/s) of 1500HS is significantly less than the Dap (3.45×10-7cm2/s) of 2000HS; delayed fracture resistance of 1500HS is superior to 2000HS. From the fracture analysis, under the same hydrogen charging conditions, the fracture morphology of 1500HS changed from typical dimple ductile fracture to quasi cleavage brittle fracture, while 2000HS changed from dimple morphology to intergranular brittle fracture with the increase of hydrogen charging current density. While the deformation degree of 2000HS was very small, the local hydrogen content and stress value had reached the critical deal. The hydrogen reduced the bonding force between grains, resulting in the nucleation and propagation of microcracks. Therefore, with the improvement of the strength of HS steel, Ti and V micro alloyed elements should be properly added to form nano precipitates, as irreversible hydrogen traps to capture hydrogen atoms, hinder their diffusion and segregation, and effectively refine the structure and pinning dislocations, to improve the resistance to hydrogen induced delayed fracture of HS steel.     

高强度钢42CrMoVNb的氢致延迟断裂行为

采用阴极充氢、SSRT缺口拉伸和氢热分析等试验方法,研究了高强度钢42CrMoVNb在不同温度回火状态下的延迟断裂行为,并与常用的机械制造用钢42CrMo进行了对比。结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的耐延迟断裂抗力逐渐提高;在相同回火温度下,由于42CrMoVNb钢的强度水平明显高于42CrMo钢,其耐延迟断裂抗力...     

Method of Evaluating Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Tempered Martensitic Steel Showing Intergranular Fracture

A stress application method in delayed fracture susceptibility tests was investigated using 1450 MPa class tempered martensitic steel. Its fracture mode under hydrogen charging was mainly intergranular because of its relatively small Si content of 0.21 mass pct. The conditions for consistency in fracture strength between tensile tests and constant load tests (CLTs) were clarified: first, to conduct hydrogen precharging before stress application; and second, to choose a sufficiently low crosshead speed in tensile tests. When hydrogen precharging was not conducted before CLTs, the fracture strength was higher than the values in CLTs with hydrogen charging and in tensile tests. If the crosshead speed was too high, the fracture strength obtained was higher than the values in CLTs. The dependence of the fracture strength on crosshead speed was seen for both notched and smooth bar specimens. These results suggested that plastic deformation, i.e., dislocation motion, was related to intergranular fracture with a tear pattern as well as to quasi-cleavage fracture. In addition, cathodic electrolysis in an alkaline solution containing NaOH should be used as the hydrogen charging method to avoid the effects of corrosion.     

时效温度对贝氏体型冷作强化非调质钢力学性能的影响

 研究了时效温度对一种低碳Mn-B-Ti系贝氏体型冷作强化非调质钢力学性能的影响。结果表明：试验料的强度随时效温度的升高先是增加,并在250℃时存在一个峰值,随后强度又随时效温度的升高而降低,当温度升高到400℃以上时强度明显降低;试验料的塑性和屈强比则随时效温度的升高逐渐增加,其中后者增加的幅度更显著。与未充氢试样相比,试验料拉拔并充氢后的延迟断裂性能显著降低。随着时效温度的升高,充氢试样中的氢含量降低,缺口抗拉强度RBN和延迟断裂强度比R缓慢增加,当时效温度大于200℃时,RBN和R则明显增加。因此,在满足保载永久伸长变形量及强度和塑性要求的前提下,应选择合适的时效温度,以保证材料的延迟断裂性能。     

开轧温度对铌微合金化热成型钢氢致延迟开裂性能的影响

通过动态充氢恒载荷、氢渗透等实验研究轧制工艺对铌合金化热成型钢的氢致延迟开裂性能的影响.随着开轧温度从1000℃降低到950℃,热成型钢的氢扩散系数降低,氢致延迟开裂性能提高,耐腐蚀性能下降.透射电镜观察发现开轧温度为1000℃时MX型析出相尺寸为30 nm;开轧温度为950℃时热成型钢的MX型析出相尺寸为5 nm左右,可以观察到直径为50 nm Cr₂C₃析出相.作为氢陷阱的纳米析出相是提高实验钢氢致延迟开裂性能的主要因素.析出相不同的原因是开轧温度为1000℃时MX型析出相发生熟化现象,进一步抑制Cr₂C₃的析出.      

Delayed Fracture Resistance and Mechanical Properties of 30MnSi High Strength Steel

To investigate the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and delayed fracture resistance of high strength steel, 30MnSi prestressed concrete (PC) steel bars are quenched and tempered. Tensile results show that, after 950 °C quenching and about 430 °C tempering, 30MnSi PC steel bars have superior mechanical properties and delayed fracture resistance. Microstructural observation shows that 30MnSi steel bar is mainly composed of fine tempered sorbite (troostite) with carbide distributed along the lath martensite boundaries. It can be concluded that thermal refining is an effective way to improve mechanical properties and delayed fracture resistance of 30MnSi PC steel bar.     

高氮不锈轴承钢碳化物分布与高温断裂机制

 通过高温拉伸试验研究高氮不锈轴承钢高温断裂行为,探究了170 ℃和470 ℃回火态钢中碳化物分布特征,分析了高温拉伸断裂及组织演变和碳化物分布规律。研究发现,回火温度从170 ℃升高至470 ℃,高氮钢中大于0.8 μm的碳化物明显增加,高氮钢中M₂₃C₆强化增量提高了2.59 MPa,固溶强化增量下降了118.82 MPa,470 ℃回火态钢的室温抗拉强度降低、拉伸断口表现为准解理和少量撕裂韧窝;拉伸温度升高至300 ℃,试样断口表现为等轴型韧窝特征,170 ℃和470 ℃回火态试样起裂源断裂碳化物尺寸分别为2.8~3.6 μm和5.5~6.7 μm;450 ℃拉伸断口表现为塑孔韧窝特征,170 ℃和470 ℃回火态试样起裂源断裂碳化物尺寸分别为2.7~3.4 μm和5.8~6.4 μm。拉伸温度从300 ℃提高至450 ℃,钢的固溶强化和位错强化作用减弱,金属原子间结合能下降,碳化物与基体不连续应力分布加剧变形不协调性,碳化物承担较高应力而发生断裂。单纯热作用下钢中0.5~0.8 μm尺寸碳化物数量比例增加;在热力耦合作用下,钢中应力所导致的位错增殖为碳元素扩散提供通道,钢中碳化物在晶界和位错线上形核析出0.2~0.8 μm碳化物。裂纹沿着与拉伸方向45°角的最大剪力方向快速扩展而断裂,最终形成锯齿状的断口,小尺寸碳化物增多阻碍位错滑移导致塑性降低;钢中大尺寸碳化物不均匀分布在碳化物间形成大变形塑孔而增加钢的塑性。     

Effect of Boron on Delayed Fracture Resistance of Medium-Carbon High Strength Spring Steel

The delayed fracture behavior of medium-carbon high strength spring steel containing different amounts of boron (0.000 5%, 0.001 6%) was studied using sustained load delayed fracture test. The results show that delayed fracture resistance of boron containing steels is higher than that of conventional steel 60Si2MnA at the same strength level and it increases with the increase of boron content from 0.000 5% to 0.001 6%. The delayed fracture mode is mainly intergranular in the boron containing steels tempered at 350 ℃, which indicates that the addition of boron does not change the fracture character. However, the increase of boron content enlarges the size of the crack initiation area. Further study of phase analysis indicates that most boron is in solid solution, and only a very small quantity of boron is in the M3(C, B) phase.     

Effects of Cr and V additions on the microstructure and properties of high-vanadium wear-resistant alloy steel

The effects of chromium and vanadium additions on the microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of high-vanadium alloy steel (containing 5–10 wt-% V and 2–10 wt-% Cr) were studied by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Vickers hardness and Rockwell-hardness tester & M-200 ring block wear tester. Researching results showed that the solidification structure of high-vanadium wear-resistant alloy steel was mainly consisted α-Fe (martensite), vanadium carbide (VC), M₃C and M₇C₃. Vanadium is mainly distributed over VC, and certain amount of vanadium exists in the matrix and M₇C₃ type eutectic carbide. Chromium is mainly distributed over the M₇C₃, and the matrix also contains a small quantity of chromium. It is found that the content of VC increases with the increase of vanadium content when carbon and chromium contents are constant. The change of micro- and macro-hardness was not obvious with the increase of vanadium content. The content of M₇C₃ type eutectic carbides increases gradually with the increase of chromium content when carbon and vanadium contents are constant. The micro- and macro-hardness increases with the increase of chromium content. The increase of vanadium content brings to the increase of wear resistance of alloy steel when carbon and chromium contents are constant. The change of chromium content had no obvious effect on wear resistance of high-vanadium alloy steel when carbon and vanadium contents. The increase of vanadium content brings to the increase of wear resistance of alloy steel when carbon and chromium contents are constant. The wear resistance of as-cast high-vanadium alloy steel is the best when the content of vanadium and chromium is 10 wt-% and 5 wt-% respectively.     

Delayed fracture of tensile strength 980 MPa grade steels for automotive applications

Three different types of tensile strength( TS) 980 MPa grade advanced high-strength steels used in automotive applications,namely,980 MS( martensite steel),980DP( dual phase) and 980QP( quenching and partitioning) steels were examined. The delayed fracture resistance of the steels was evaluated using a U-bend test,slowstrain rate test( SSRT) and a constant load tensile test. The results indicated that all the steels could pass the300h HCl solution immersion test and none of the U-bend specimens was fractured in the test. However,the steels exhibited different susceptibilities to delayed fracture under SSRT and the constant load tensile tests. 980 DP exhibited the highest resistance to delayed fracture among all the samples,while 980 MS was found to be the most susceptible to delayed fracture.     

新型超高强度低氢脆敏感性扭杆弹簧用钢

 通过SEM、TEM、XRD、化学相分析等方法对比研究新型扭杆弹簧用40Si2Ni2CrMoV钢（代号N1）和现有45CrNiMoVA钢微观组织及其对力学性能的影响,并利用慢应变速率拉伸方法对比研究两种不同扭杆弹簧用钢的氢脆敏感性。结果发现,N1钢由于添加硅、钼等抗回火软化元素,使得N1钢在较高的300 ℃温度回火时还能保持一定的抗拉强度,N1钢有大量细小的ε-碳化物析出,使得屈服强度增加,屈强比在0.80以上,45CrNiMoVA钢经180 ℃低温回火后屈服强度在1 550 MPa左右,屈强比只有0.72;经相同条件充氢后,N1钢的慢拉伸强度下降幅度较小,其试样断口中也没有观察到沿晶断裂特征,N1钢的氢脆敏感性明显低于45CrNiMoVA钢。     

轿车螺旋悬挂弹簧用钢的研究开发

从冶金生产工艺、微观组织、拉伸和冲击断裂行为、疲劳断裂机制及弹减抗力等方面对引进轿车中应用较多的螺旋悬挂弹和钢50CrV4进行了研究。研究结果表明，随着回火温度升高，试验钢的强度和硬度降低、塑性和韧性增加；对试验钢断裂行为的分析表明其对应力状态和应变速率敏感，在中温回火后具有较高的抵抗动态变形和断裂的能力；试验钢对表面缺陷和表层硬性夹杂物敏感；中温回火后由于具有细小的微观组织和碳化物，因而具有较好的弹减抗力。通过改进冶金生产工艺、热处理和弹簧加工工艺生产的螺旋悬挂弹簧满足引进轿车的要求，已批量生产。     

Effect of Microalloying Additions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Steel

Low carbon steels are characterized by good weldability,formability and fracture toughness properties.However,the low strength levels of these steel grades limit their wide applications.On the other hand,increasing the strength by increasing the carbon content and alloying elements deteriorates the other properties.In this study,the microalloying technique was used to examine the possibility of attaining low carbon steels with good combination of strength,ductility and impact properties.A low carbon steel microalloyed with single addition of vanadium and another one microalloyed with combined addition of vanadium and titanium were used in this investigation and their properties were compared with non-microalloyed low carbon steel having the same base composition.Furthermore,other two nonmicroalloyed and V-microalloyed steels with higher carbon,silicon and manganese contents were also investigated to reveal the effect of base composition.Tensile,hardness,room and zero temperature Charpy V-notch impact tests were conducted to evaluate the variations in the mechanical properties of low carbon hot forged steel containing vanadium and combinations of vanadium and titanium.In addition,the microstructures of the different investigated steels were observed using both optical microscope and scanning electron microscope.Furthermore,the hardness of the ferrite phase was also determined using micro-hardness technique.The results showed improvement of the mechanical properties of the investigated steels by both single V-and combined V + Ti-microadditions.Tensile,hardness and impact tests results indicated that good combinations of strength,ductility and impact properties can be achieved by V-microalloying addition.Steel with combination of V and Ti microaddition has much higher hardness,yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and impact energy at both room and zero temperatures compared with non-microalloyed and single Vmicroalloyed steels.Higher C,Si and Mn contents result in increasing the strength accompanied with decrea     

Influence of microstructure on tensile properties of spheroidized ultrahigh-carbon (1.8 Pct C steel

Ultrahigh-carbon steel (UHCS) containing 1.8 pct carbon was processed to create microstructures consisting of fine-spheroidized carbide particles (0.2- to 1.5-μm size range) within a fine-grained ferrite matrix (0.3- to 5-μm range) through a variety of thermomechanical processing and heat-treatment combinations. Tensile ductility, yield, and fracture strengths, and strain-hardening behavior were evaluated at room temperature. Yield strengths ranged from 640 to 1450 MPa, and uniform tensile elongation ranged from 3 to 23 pct. Quantitative analyses revealed that a Hall-Petch type relationship exists between the yield strength and the ferrite grain size and carbide particle size within grain interiors. The fracture strength, on the other hand, was found to be uniquely dependent on the coarse carbide particle size typically found at grain boundaries. Data from other investigators on spheroidized carbon steels were shown to correlate well with the data for the UHCS (1.8 pct C) material. It was shown that the tensile ductility will increase when the difference between the fracture strength and the yield strength is increased and when the strain-hardening rate is decreased. The basis for the trends observed is that the tensile ductility is limited by the fracture process that appears to be dictated by the nucleation of cracks at large carbide particles. The results obtained indicate that UHCSs have significant potential for sheet applications where high strength and good ductility are primary requirements.     

Investigation of Mechanical Property of Oil Tube Steel P110S in High Temperature and High Pressure Environment Containing H2S/CO2

With the exploitation of high sour and deep oil well in china,the corrosion medium containing CO 2,H 2 S,Cl-and organic acid threaten the safety of oil equipment and tube steel severely.In this article,many experiments,including corrosion tests,tensile tests,hydrogen concentration measurement tests and SEM examinations,were performed to investigate the effect of H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress on the mechanical property of oil tube steel P110S in high temperature and high pressure environment containing H 2 S/CO 2.The tensile strength and yield strength during fracture process of P110S steel were obtained experimentally and the fracture morphology was analyzed by SEM.The results indicate that both tensile strength and yield strength decreased after corrosion.The damage of tensile strength and yield strength became serious with an increase in H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress.According to the fracture analysis,the fracture mode exhibited quasi-cleavage and dimple mixed fracture,and the area of quasi-cleavage pattern increased with H 2 S partial pressure and loading stress increasing.According to the results of tensile test and hydrogen concentration measurement test,the tensile property degradation is closely associated with diffusible hydrogen concentration of P110S steel in the H 2 S/CO 2 environment.     

含钒低合金钢铸坯高温延塑性研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测试了含钒低合金钢铸坯的高温延塑性,利用扫描电镜、金相显微镜对断口形貌及金相组织进行分析。低合金钢的第Ⅰ脆性温度区在Ts~1 370℃之间,第Ⅲ脆性温度区在915~710℃之间。第Ⅲ脆性区间由奥氏体低温域晶界滑移楔形裂纹造成的沿晶脆性断裂和奥氏体晶界先共析铁素体薄膜造成的沿晶韧性断裂两部分组成。钢中的V对钢的第Ⅲ脆性凹槽的影响比较大,脆化向低温区域延伸。