纳米晶结构NiOx薄膜Li+致色性能研究

采用中频孪生非半衡磁控溅射方法制备了纳米晶结构NiOx电致变色薄膜.原子力显微镜(AFM)、掠入射X射线衍射(GID)、X射线反射(XRR)分析薄膜结构、形貌及薄膜厚度;利用电化学设备、紫外分光光度计等手段测试薄膜循环伏安及光谱特性.结果表明:沉积获得NiOx薄膜质地均匀,晶粒尺寸约为4.5 nm,薄膜表面粗糙度Ra=1.659 nm;以Li 离子为致色粒子,厚度60nm的NiOx薄膜在±3 V的高驱动电压下薄膜对可见光透过率凋制范围达30%以七,电致变色性能较好.     

基于磁控溅射制备纳米微晶NiO_x薄膜的方法

使用一种配套于磁控溅射设备的基片液氮冷却装置制备了小颗粒度纳米微晶NiOx电致变色薄膜.当溅射参数完全相同时,借助于对基片的冷却可有效控制并降低NiOx薄膜的晶粒尺度.冷却基片所制备的NiOx薄膜的电致变色性能明显优于室温时制备的薄膜,且该薄膜的O/Ni比率也明显高于室温时制备的NiOx薄膜的O/Ni比率.     

射频溅射制备氧化镍电致变色薄膜的研究

采用射频反应磁控溅射工艺，以纯镍靶为靶材，在SnO2玻璃上制备电致变色NiOx薄膜。通过对薄膜X射线衍射（XRD）、X光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描隧道显微镜（STM）、循环伏安曲线及可见光透过率的测定，探讨了NiOx薄膜的电致变色性能和微观结构之间的关系，研究了热处理过程中的结构变化和表面形貌。测试表明该氧化镍薄膜具有良好的电致变色性能和阳极着色效应，以及较高的使用寿命。     

氧化镍及氧化钨薄膜电致变色机制的研究

通过ZrO_2膜层与NiOx，WOx膜层的不同组合，在液态电解质下，测得不同电致变色膜系的电化学特性及相应着、脱色状态的光透射性能。证明了ZrO2膜层具有导通离子而隔断电子的离子导体层特性，并对NiOx膜层的变色机制进行了探讨。用X射线衍射方法对不同状态下NiOx，WOx薄膜的物相分析表明：电致变色反应中的阳离子注入膜层，使薄膜向有序化排列变化，共产生晶格类型的转变。     

氧化铟锡纳米晶薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能EI

采用一锅法合成不同形貌、尺寸的氧化铟锡(ITO)纳米晶,并通过旋涂工艺制备ITO纳米晶薄膜,研究不同形貌、尺寸ITO纳米晶制备的薄膜的近红外光谱调控性能。结果表明:5次旋涂后,ITO纳米晶薄膜的可见光透过率为89.2%,电阻率为54Ω·cm。平均直径为(6.88±1.53)nm的均匀球形ITO纳米晶制备的薄膜表现出最优的近红外光谱调控能力,在施加±2.5 V电压后,其在2000 nm的光谱调制量为39.3%,光密度变化量为0.43。在电致变色前后,ITO纳米晶薄膜始终保持高可见光透过率。ITO纳米晶的电致变色是由于电子注入/脱出导致的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)频率和强度变化引起,其电致变色过程是通过电容充放电实现的。     

层状自组装聚苯胺纳米复合电致变色薄膜的制备与性能

质轻、柔性、多色电致变色材料是柔性电致变色显示技术实用化、进而取代目前阴极射线管和液晶显示技术的关键。主链共轭型本征态导电聚合物聚苯胺因其原料来源广泛、转换电势低、变色范围宽、易于制成柔性薄膜而成为制备全固态柔性电致变色器件的首选材料。基于静电作用的层状自组装技术，能在分子层次上实现诸多材料的复合，并实现结构与性能的调控，因此成为设计组装具有特定性能的聚苯胺纳米复合电致变色薄膜的重要方法。讨论了层状自组装聚苯胺纳米复合电致变色薄膜的制备与性能，认为采用结构与性能可控的纳米结构层状自组装技术制备聚苯胺纳米复合电致变色薄膜是提高其综合性能并最终实用化的重要途径。     

NiO_x电致变色薄膜结构与性能的X射线研究

电致变色是指材料的光学性能(光的透射、反射和吸收)通过外加电场或电流的作用,在包括可见光波长的某一波长范围内发生可逆变化的现象。氧化镍薄膜是目前发现的性能最好的电致变色材料之一,采用反应性磁控射频溅射法,利用金属镍作为靶材,在氮与氧混合气体中,通过直流磁控反应溅射法制备氧化镍薄膜,用X射线衍射技术分析其结构,用循环伏安法对NiOx薄膜的电致变色过程进行分析。     

Sol-Gel法制备氧化镍电致变色薄膜研究

以镍的醇盐为前驱体并加入催化剂和各种添加剂制成涂膜溶液,采用浸涂-提拉法(dip-coating)制备NiOx电致变色膜。讨论了先体胶液的性质、热处理制度及变色参数对薄膜表面微观结构和变色性能的影响。     

基于WO3/NiOx膜系的固态电致变色器件研究

氧化钨和氧化镍是目前研究最多、应用最广的两种电致变色材料.本文详细地介绍了本实验室射频溅射WO3和NiOx薄膜的制备和性能以及以它们为基的夹层式固态电致变色器件的制作和性能.     

基于WO3和NiOx的单基片全无机智能窗器件的快速制备及其性能的研究

介绍了利用磁控溅射和一种液氮冷却装置,制备非晶态WO3薄膜、非晶态LiNbO3薄膜和纳米微晶态NiOx薄膜的有效方法.进而,使用这种液氮冷却装置,采用全程基片冷却方法,制备了单基片无机全固态智能窗--G│ITO│NiOx│LiNbO3│WO3│ITO器件.实验结果表明,在400～800nm的可见光范围内,该器件经过1000次循环后,它的漂白态透射率为63.0%,而着色态透射率为10.6%,这一初步工作表明,基片冷却方法应该是制备有优异性能的无机全固态电致变色智能窗的有效方法.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to