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金属材料的疲劳稳定性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从能量的观点阐述了金属材料在循环变形过程中性能的变化及其微观机制。循环载荷一定时,对每一种材料在循环周次达到某一定值后都对应着一个稳定的微观结构和最稳定的能量状态。如果原始组织结构的能量较高,则循环变形过程中将会向低能结构转化,并发生循环软化;相反,则发生循环硬化,也有的材料组织结构很稳定,在一定的循环变形条件下能量状态和性能不发生明显的变化。 相似文献
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基于经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13
提出了一种基于经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,并定义了能量熵的概念。从不同状态的滚动轴承振动信号的能量熵值中发现,当滚动轴承发生故障时,各频带的能量会发生变化。为了进一步对滚动轴承的状态和故障类型进行分类,再从若干个包含主要故障信息的IMF分量中提取能量特征参数作为神经网络的输入参数来识别滚动轴承的故障类型。对滚动轴承的正常状态、内圈故障和外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明,以经验模态分解为预处理器提取各频带能量作为特征参数的神经网络诊断方法比以小波包分析为预处理器的神经网络诊断方法有更高的故障识别率,可以准确、有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类别。 相似文献
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为了避免因压缩机出现易燃易爆气体泄漏而导致火灾事故发生,现以“往复式压缩机气阀”为例,提出1套行之有效的气阀故障维修的质量管理与控制方案。首先,结合气阀结构及组成,从计算压缩机排气量、基于LCD与多尺度模糊熵的气阀故障诊断、气阀故障特征的小波包能量提取3个方面入手,实现对气阀故障维修的质量管理与控制。其次,采用仿真实验的方式,对改造后的气阀性能进行验证。结果表明:本文所提出的气阀故障维修的质量管理与控制方案具有较高的可靠性和可行性,不仅降低了气阀升程,还增强了节流作用,使得压缩机排气量降到最低,从而有效地延长压缩机的使用寿命。希望通过这次研究,为维修人员提供有效的借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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在不同激光能量(4,6,8 J)下对45钢试样表面进行激光冲击强化,研究了激光能量对试样显微硬度、残余应力、微观结构和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:随着激光能量的增加,45钢的晶格畸变程度、残余压应力、显微硬度和耐磨性能不断提升。在8 J激光能量下,45钢的表面(211)晶面半高宽、残余压应力和显微硬度分别增加到3.50°,500 MPa, 345 HV,摩擦因数和磨损质量损失分别减小到0.61和157 mg,同时磨损表面剥落物最少,犁沟的深度和宽度最小。45钢摩擦磨损性能的提升与激光冲击强化诱导的高密度位错结构和高幅值残余压应力有关。 相似文献
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基于EMD和SVM的刀具故障诊断方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解决刀具在切削过程中出现的故障,提出了基于经验模态分解(EMD)和支持向量机(SVM)的刀具故障诊断方法.该方法首先将经过标准化的声发射信号进行经验模态分解,将其分解为有限个固有模态函数(IMF)和残余量之和,然后对每个IMF分量通过一定的削减算法增强故障类型特征,计算每个IMF和残余项的能量以及整个信号的削减比作... 相似文献
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1脆性断裂产生的原因焊按结构之所以发生脆性断裂是因为焊接接头处几何上的不连续性促使形式或多或少的焊接缺陷,从而引起应力集中,形成断裂源.还由于焊接接头处的力学性质的不均匀,使附近热影响区材料性质变脆,以及焊接接头处总是不可避免地要产生焊接变形及焊接残余应力,所有这些都可能成为焊接结构破坏的直接原因或间接原因。特别是一些直接受动载荷的焊接结构,或是处于低温工作环境时,焊接结构更易发生脆性断裂。2脆性断裂的特征脆性断裂在工程结构上是一种非常危险的破坏,其特点是裂纹扩展迅速,能量的消耗远小于韧性断裂,… 相似文献
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Yitong Zhang Wenjuan Lu Dejun Mu Yandong Yang Lijie Zhang Daxing Zeng 《机械工程学报(英文版)》2013,26(6):1082-1090
The determination of virtual constraints is always one of the key and difficult problems in traditional mobility calculation. To make mobility calculation simple, considering avoiding virtual constraints, some new formulae have been presented, however these formulae can hardly intuitively reflect general link group's restrictions on output member and its influences on independence of output parameters, which is premise to the judgment of the properties of mobility. Towards the problem to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the degree of freedom(DOF) of a mechanism, the link group, and the dimension of output parameters, also to avoid determination of virtual constraint, based on the new concepts of the "DOF of general link group" and "node parameters", a new formula in the calculation of the mobility of mechanisms is presented that is expressed with DOFs of the general link groups and rank of motion parameters of base point of the output link. It is named GOM(mobility of groups and output parameter) formula. On the basis of new concepts of"effective parameters" and "invalid parameters", a rule is put forward for solving the DOF of mechanisms with invalid parameters by GOM formula, that is, the base point parameters are the subset of effective parameters of link group. Thereafter, several examples are enumerated and the results coincide with the prototype data, which proves the validity of the proposed formula. Meanwhile, it is obtained that the necessary and sufficient condition for the judgment of output parameters independence is that each of the DOF of the link group is not less than zero. The proposed formula which is simple in calculation provides theoretical basis for the judgment of independence of output parameters and provides references for type synthesis of novel parallel mechanisms with independence requirements of their output parameters. 相似文献
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基于传递函数可以反映结构输入输出相互关系(结构特性)的思想,提出了一种基于具有额外输入的自回归模型(autoregressive model with exogenous input,简称ARX模型)建立伪传递函数的损伤定位方法。首先,根据各自由度之间的关联性对其进行分组,选取其中一个自由度的响应作为参考通道即系统输出,将与其相关联的其他自由度响应信号作为系统输入,利用ARX模型,建立各分组在结构完好工况下的伪传递函数,将其作为基准伪传递函数;然后,利用基准伪传递函数对待识别工况的响应进行预测,计算其拟合度;最后,通过定义待识别工况与完好工况之间拟合度的差异作为损伤指标,对结构损伤进行识别。通过广州塔缩减模型算例分析表明,该方法在有噪声的情况下,可以很好地发现损伤并对结构损伤位置和损伤程度进行识别。 相似文献
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由于测试性虚拟试验可有效弥补测试性实物试验的不足,但同时也对故障注入样本生成提出新的要求.在可修系统修复如新假设下,提出一种基于更新过程理论和蒙特卡罗仿真的故障注入样本模拟生成方法.首先分析指出修复如新假设下可修系统的故障发生过程是随机过程,并用更新过程描述修复如新下可修系统的故障发生过程;然后,基于统计仿真实验中的蒙特卡罗方法,对事后维修模式下的故障发生过程进行抽样,实现故障注入样本的模拟生成;最后,以某稳定跟踪平台上的陀螺和运动控制器为案例进行实验.由于考虑了多种寿命分布类型,模拟生成的故障样本在样本量和样本结构上符合实际情况,所提出的方法能有效指导修复如新和事后维修情况下测试性虚拟验证试验中的故障注入. 相似文献
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Yanxue Wang Ming Liang 《Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing》2011,25(5):1750-1764
In this paper, we propose an adaptive spectral kurtosis (SK) technique for the fault detection of rolling element bearings. The primary contribution is adaptive determination of the bandwidth and center frequency. This is implemented with successive attempts to right-expand a given window along the frequency axis by merging it with its subsequent neighboring windows. Influence of the parameters such as the initial window function, bandwidth and window overlap on the merged windows as well as how to choose those parameters in practical applications are explored. Based on simulated experiments, it can be found that the proposed technique can further enhance the SK-based method as compared to the kurtogram approach. The effectiveness of the proposed method in fault detection of the rolling element bearings is validated using experimental signals. 相似文献
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塔式起重机动态分析的计算模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别按集中参数法及有限元法建立了塔式起重机结构系统的动力学模型.按集中参数法建立的少自由度模型包括四自由系统、三自由度系统、二自由度系统及单自由度系统,时二自由度系统及单自由度系统的结构固有频率给出了简化计算公式。通过实例验算证明,少自由度系统或简化计算公式的计算精度可以满足工程设计的要求。 相似文献
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对国内外采用较多的A字架轮胎试验台进行运动学分析,发现该试验台在复合姿态角下,侧偏角、侧倾角、轮胎印迹中心存在偏移的现象,依据ISO轮胎坐标系的定义,采用空间解析几何方法推导出偏移量计算公式,计算结果表明:在大的复合姿态角下,各偏移量不可忽略。为有效解决该问题,提出一种新型结构6自由度轮胎试验台:采用多体动力学欧拉角旋转的方法,对新型轮胎试验台在不同姿态下的6个电缸长度进行仿真;分析6个电缸姿态角下的控制精度,并对6自由度平台的电缸进行空间上重新布置。结果表明:新型结构6自由度轮胎试验台在复合姿态角下各物理量无偏移,能任意控制轮胎的姿态,同时该新型结构中6个电缸布置的新方案提高轮胎姿态角的控制精度。 相似文献
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为提高往复压缩机、航空发动机等复杂机械故障分类的准确率,依据特征参数对不同故障的敏感度存在差异的特性,提出一种狄利克雷过程混合模型(Dirichlet process mixture model,简称DPMM)与贝叶斯推断贡献(Bayesian inference contribution,简称BIC)相结合的分析方法。采用DPMM方法自学习机械振动信号高维特征的统计分布模型,并依据BIC理论计算得到各特征参数对模型的贡献率,通过对比观测数据与各类故障数据特征贡献率间的差异实现故障分类。试验结果表明,该方法的平均分类准确率比基于高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model,简称GMM)的故障诊断方法的平均分类准确率提高19.29%,比基于Relief算法的故障诊断方法的平均分类准确率提高32.71%,且该方法的时效性高,泛化性能强,能够更有效地进行复杂机械故障分类。 相似文献
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《Measurement》2014
Material properties of composites are identified using a novel hybrid RSM–PSO method in this paper. Different response surface methodology (RSM) methods and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods are studied initially on a 4 degrees-of-freedom (4DOF) dynamic system on their performance in terms of speed and accuracy. The best combination is used as a hybrid RSM–PSO method to evaluate the performance on system identification of an orthotropic plate along with a 4DOF dynamic system and an isotropic plate. The novelty of the present paper is to identify the composite plate material properties using RSM methods based on time domain signals, which is not hitherto reported in the literature. Also, whereas previous papers have used full factorial design for system identification, here CCDI is used. The input factors (design variables) are the system parameters which are to be identified and the response (objective function) is error sum-of-square of acceleration response with respect to new test system. The performance of the proposed method is also evaluated with the addition of 5% Gaussian noise to simulate the experimental errors. The system parameters of the orthotropic plate were identified with 0% and 0.25% average prediction error with zero and 5% addition of noise respectively by the proposed hybrid RSM–PSO method. It is also showed a much better performance and robustness to noise addition when compared to the other RSM methods in the literature. 相似文献