690镍基合金焊条熔敷金属的组织与性能研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验、弯曲试验和晶间腐蚀试验分析了690镍基合金ENiCrFe-7焊条中各元素对熔敷金属组织、缺陷和力学性能的影响,研制符合核电设备使用要求的焊条.研究表明:焊缝熔敷金属中的沿晶裂纹引起焊缝金属拉伸性能、冲击韧性和弯曲性能的降低;随着焊缝中Nb,Ti元素含量的增加,焊缝析出相(Nb,Ti)(C,N)和NbC的数量增加,焊缝中滑移晶界受到析出相的钉扎,裂纹扩展受到抑制,焊缝熔敷金属的强度、塑性和弯曲性能得到提高;Nb和Ti的加入减小了Cr_(23)C_6析出数量,抑制了晶间腐蚀裂纹的产生.新研制的镍基焊条满足核电设备对焊缝熔敷金属的性能要求.     

金红石对1Cr-0.5Mo合金系焊条工艺性能和熔敷金属力学性能的影响

研究了金红石对1Cr-0.5Mo合金系焊条工艺性能和熔敷金属力学性能的影响。结果表明,金红石对该合金系焊条的工艺性能和熔敷金属力学性能均有较大的影响。随着药皮中金红石加入量的增加,焊条工艺性能得到改善,熔敷金属的强度增加,-20℃夏比冲击功降低。     

E5015（J507）焊条药皮中大理石的颗粒度对其熔敷金属化学成分及力学性能的影响

选取大理石作为研究对象,对大理石粉料进行了筛分并进行了焊条制备和测试。研究了药皮原料中大理石的颗粒度对E5015焊条熔敷金属化学成分及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明：随着大理石颗粒度的减小（由40—60目减小至100目以下）,E5015焊条的熔敷金属化学成分Si、Mn含量逐渐下降,其熔敷金属屈服及抗拉强度逐渐降低而冲击功则逐渐升高。     

Mo元素对船用高强钢碱性焊条熔敷金属组织和性能的影响

测试5种不同Mo含量的船用高强钢焊条的熔敷金属力学性能,采用光学显微镜和透射电镜进行微观组织观察和分析,并采用Jamtpro软件模拟计算熔敷金属的焊接CCT图。结果表明,随着Mo含量增多,熔敷金属屈服强度和抗拉强度显著提升,但冲击韧性及塑性呈下降趋势;焊接CCT曲线逐渐向右下方移动,熔敷金属的组织由韧性较好的针状铁素体逐渐向硬脆的贝氏体和马氏体转变;当Mo含量高于0.482%时,熔敷金属中会产生对韧性不利的M-A组元,当Mo含量高于0.887%时,熔敷金属中会析出Mo的碳化物,造成严重脆化。     

MnO对碳钢药芯焊丝性能影响研究

以T492T1-1C1A型药芯焊丝为例,通过对熔渣组分、熔敷金相组织、熔敷金属化学成分、扩散氢含量、力学性能的试验对比与分析,研究了MnO在配方中不同加入量对焊缝组织及熔敷金属力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着MnO的加入量增多,熔敷金属中Mn与O含量未呈现明显变化;熔敷金属的拉伸试验伸长率和低温冲击吸收功先升高后降低,在MnO质量分数为0.5%时获得了较好的焊缝微观组织和力学性能;熔敷金属扩散氢含量有降低趋势。     

硅酸钠对碱性低氢焊条性能的影响

研究了硅酸钠对碱性低氢焊条性能的影响.试验结果表明,适当增加药皮中的硅酸钠含量,可使焊条套筒长度减小,熔渣黏度减小,立焊笔尖倾向减小,飞溅稍微增大,而焊条熔敷金属的化学成分、力学性能和扩散氢含量的变化则不明显.故可以通过调整碱性低氢焊条药皮中硅酸钠的含量来优化焊接工艺性.     

铁粉焊条熔化过程中基本参数研究

通过试验研究了焊条直径和铁粉加入量对焊条熔化参数的影响．试验结果表明，焊条直径增加，焊条药皮重量系数、熔敷效率增加，熔化速度和熔敷速度降低；熔敷金属中合金元素Mn、Si含量增加，但Mn、Si的过渡系数减小．当增加药皮中铁粉加入量，药皮重量系数、熔敷效率和熔敷速度增加。熔化速度降低，由于铁粉的稀释作用使熔敷金属中合金元素Mn、Si含量及过渡系数降低。     

碱性焊条药皮组分与熔敷金属扩散氢含量的关系

用回归正交试验建立了碱性焊条药皮组分与熔敷金属扩散氢含量之间的关系 ,分析了药皮组分及其交互作用对焊缝熔敷金属扩散氢含量的影响 ,提出了根据药皮配方预报熔敷金属扩散氢的方法。     

焊条药皮碱度对熔敷金属中硫磷含量的影响

通过试验研究了焊条药皮碱度对熔敷金属脱硫脱磷行为的影响。结果表明,焊条药皮碱度与硫在渣 铁水中的分配比呈极大值的抛物线关系,熔敷金属中的硫含量与焊条药皮碱度的关系曲线呈极小值的抛物线;药皮碱度的提高可使磷的分配系数提高,熔敷金属中的含磷量降低;但依靠焊条药皮碱度的提高来增加脱硫、脱磷的效果是有限度的。     

碳对超低碳船体钢熔敷金属冲击韧性的影响

考察了埋弧焊材中含少量碳(w(C)<0.05%)对10CrNiCuA钢熔敷金属冲击韧性的影响。试验发现,随碳含量的增加,熔敷金属的冲击韧性得到了很大地提高。其主要原因在于,碳元素使熔敷金属的一次组织得到了明显地细化,并强烈地抑制了熔敷金属中侧板条铁素体的生成,使得熔敷金属中针状铁素体的含量稍有增加。     

PVC/特种CPE的共混增韧

采用固相法对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）进行氯化,得到分子链上具有特殊氯分布的特种氯化聚乙烯（CPE）（SCPE）,其可以作为增韧剂对聚氯乙烯（PVC）增韧。结果表明,在SCPE含量为5份时,PVC/SCPE共混物的拉伸强度相对于PVC没有降低,反而提高了4%左右;缺口冲击强度提高了62.5%（13 kJ/m2）。差示扫描...     

敏化处理对2205双相不锈钢组织与力学性能的影响

采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)方法及力学性能测试等研究手段,研究了敏化处理对2205双相不锈钢显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:850℃敏化处理.在α/γ和α/α相界析出σ,X相,并且随着敏化时间的延长,析出相含量增加;敏化处理后材料的强度有所提高,塑性明显降低,拉伸微观断口以解理平面...     

Mechanical properties of SG-iron with different matrix structure

Spheroidal graphite (SG) irons with a variety of matrix-structure have been produced. The correlation between tensile properties, impact toughness, hardness and pearlite content is investigated. The pearlite content is varied from 0 to about 95 per cent by the use of different heat treatment processes. The apparent variation in the properties with the pearlite level reveals the remarkable consistency in the relationships between mechanical properties and pearlite content. The study of the tensile properties showed that the yield and ultimate tensile strengths are increased with increasing pearlite level in the matrix structure. For matrix structure with 94.6% pearlite, the increases are about 91% and 98%, respectively, compared with those of the ferritic matrix material. The impact toughness of SG-iron is influenced significantly by matrix microstructure. Energy of about 230 × 10³J/m² is required to fracture a ferritic matrix SG-iron. On the other hand, when the matrix structure approaches a fully pearlitic matrix the fracture energy is decreased by an amount of 75.5%. The Brinell hardness value is found to increase with increasing pearlite content in the matrix structure of the present material. It increases from about 128 for a fully ferritic matrix to about 258 as the matrix structure approaches a fully pearlitic condition. This change in the hardness value reflects the change in the mechanical properties presented in this study.     

On the impact performance of carbon fibre laminates with epoxy and PEEK matrices

A study was made of the mechanical properties and impact performance of carbon fibre/PEEK (0,90), ($\text{±45}$) and ($\text{±45,0}$) laminates and comparisons were made with similar carbon fibre/epoxy laminatesFibre dominated properties such as plain tensile strength were similar to those of epoxy laminates with similar fibres and volume fractions. Because of the increased toughness of PEEK there was less extensive matrix cracking, even though there was fibre debonding, and this gave increased transverse and shear cracking strains, increased shear strengths but decreased notched tensile strengths. The lower modulus and yield stress of PEEK caused lower compressive strengths, but PEEK absorbed little moisture and at 120°C moisture had little effect on mechanical properties.Dropweight impact produced less extensive damage in carbon fibre/PEEK laminates. Residual tensile strengths were similar but, because of the less extensive damage and greater delamination fracture energy, the residual compressive strengths were significantly greater with a PEEK matrix.Microscopic examination showed less matrix cracking and more fibre buckling in the carbon fibre/PEEK and this is discussed in relation to mechanical properties.     

An examination of diffusion bonded interfaces in a mild steel

A study of the interface surfaces of fractured diffusion bonds in a mild steel was made in order to further understanding of the mechanisms of bond formation and of the mechanical properties of such bonds. The results show that parent-metal tensile strengths are achieved with some 20% of the interface still unbonded and that these unbonded areas are present as grooves rather than as isolated voids as had previously been thought. The relative orientation during bonding of any directional surface finish on the two component halves affects the geometry of the unbonded grooves and, to a slight extent, the resultant tensile strengths. The results also suggest that tensile testing alone is not a sufficient criterion by which bond quality should be assessed; impact or fracture toughness testing also must be considered.     

Effects of Ca addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91magnesium alloy

The effects of Ca addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy have been studied. The results show that the Ca addition can refine the microstructure, reduce the quantity of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase, and form new Al₂Ca phase in AZ91 magnesium alloy. With the Ca addition, the tensile strength and elongation of AZ91magnesium alloy at ambient temperature are reduced, whereas Ca addition confers elevated temperature strengthening on AZ91 magnesium alloy. The tensile strength at 150°C increases with increasing Ca content. The impact toughness of AZ91magnesium alloy increases, and then declines as the Ca content increases. The tensile and impact fractographs exhibit intergranular fracture features, Ca addition changes the pattern and quantity of tearing ridge, with radial or parallel tearing ridge increasing, tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness reduce.     

植物纤维复合材料力学性能的试验与分析

本文对植物纤维复合材料的力学性能进行了测试,给出了三种材料的测试数据。对植物纤维复合材料的微观强度作了分析,研究了材料的破坏过程和机理。      

基于连续球压痕法的45钢强度与韧性测试研究

为研究在役设备的材料强度与韧性测试评价问题,针对工程中常用材料45钢,采用连续球压痕方法,获取了材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度与断裂韧性,通过与常规力学性能试验结果比较,对该方法的可靠性进行了验证。通过研究球压头下压产生的塑性功,与冲击启裂能及断裂韧性之间的关联关系,建立基于仪器化球压痕测试技术的冲击韧性估算评估方法。试验结果表明,利用连续球压痕方法获取的屈服强度、抗拉强度与实际结果的偏差均小于10%,断裂韧性值与试验结果的偏差为12.3%,计算结果在试验值偏差数据范围内。利用连续球压痕技术,建立的断裂韧性与冲击韧性之间的关联公式,所预测的冲击韧性结果与仪器化冲击试验值具有较好的一致性,为在役设备材料的韧性快速评价提供了有效的测试方法。      

SiC含量对SiCw/Cu复合材料组织与力学性能的影响

为了研究SiCw/Cu复合材料的制备工艺、形成机理,进一步研究SiC含量对材料的组织结构、力学性能的影响.采用热压法和热等静压法制备了不同SiCw含量的SiCw/Cu复合材料,并对复合材料的致密度、显微组织和物相组成、维氏硬度、拉伸和压缩性能进行了研究,对拉伸断口进行分析.结果表明:SiCw有效阻碍Cu基体晶粒的长大,随着SiCw含量的增加,热压制备的SiCw/Cu复合材料的致密度、断后伸长率、拉伸屈服强度下降,而气孔率、维氏硬度与压缩屈服强度显著增加,抗拉强度先增加后降低.热压制备得到的1wt%SiCw/Cu复合材料,具有相对最优的综合力学性能:抗拉强度为156.9 MPa,拉伸屈服强度为112.5 MPa.采用热等静压法制备的3wt%SiCw/Cu复合材料,各方面性能都要优于相同组分的热压材料,抗拉强度达到175.6 Mpa,拉伸屈服强度达到123.2 MPa,维氏硬度达到101.8 HV.复合材料的强度是SiCw的增强作用与孔隙的弱化作用共同作用的结果,SiCw/Cu复合材料的断裂行为既表现出一定的韧性特征,又表现出一定的脆性特征.     

POE-g-MAH对尼龙6的增韧改性

采用马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)对两种尼龙6树脂增韧改性,制备了不同增韧剂含量的增韧尼龙6材料。通过力学性能测试和SEM研究了增韧剂质量分数对其力学性能的影响,观察了POE-g-MAH/尼龙6复合材料冲击断面形貌。结果表明,随着增韧剂含量的增加,尼龙6的韧性显著提高,强度下降;且随着增韧剂的增多,在尼龙基体中形成有效的增韧剂聚集相起到改善韧性的作用;在两种流动性差异较大的尼龙6基体中,POE-g-MAH均表现优异的增韧效果。