三维有序结构聚苯胺/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器电极中应用

用硼氢化钠(NaBH_4)还原氧化石墨烯得到还原石墨烯(rGO)分散液,rGO分散液与苯胺在酸性条件下原位聚合得到高比表面积三维有序结构的聚苯胺/石墨烯纳米复合材料。由场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其表面形貌和结构进行表征。结果表明:复合材料的比表面积高达136.9 m~2/g,高于纯聚苯胺的比表面积(32.71 m~2/g);直径10~20 nm的聚苯胺纳米棒均匀地垂直生长在石墨烯表面。在0.5 A/g的电流密度下,复合材料比电容达到358 F/g,大于石墨烯和聚苯胺的比电容;当充放电电流密度由0.5 A/g增加到10 A/g时,电容保留率达74.3%,表现出增强的倍率性能;在10 A/g高电流密度下,经过500次的充放电循环后容量保持率达到83.7%。     

一种独特玫瑰花形貌N掺杂的CNTs/MoS2材料的制备及电化学性能探究

用简单的水热反应合成一种形貌独特的玫瑰花状的N-CNTs/MoS2纳米复合材料.通过一系列的表征手段和化学工作站分析该材料的组成和结构并得出其电化学性能.结果表明:该材料作为电极材料时,在电流密度为1 A/g时,比电容为642 F/g;在电流密度为10 A/g时,比电容为280 F/g,且在5000次循环之后比电容仍能保持在85.8％,而MoS2材料在同等条件下仅有56.2％的电容保持率,因此N-CNTs/MoS2纳米复合材料具有优良的电化学性能.     

氢氧化镍/活性碳纤维复合电极材料制备及性能研究

采用六水合硝酸镍为镍源,通过一步水热法制备了Ni(OH)_2/活性碳纤维(ACF)复合材料,并对材料的结构和电化学性能进行研究。结果表明:Ni(OH)_2主要以纳米片结构生长在ACF表面,当金属离子Ni~(2+)浓度为10 mmol/L时,纳米片在ACF表面形貌规整、分散均匀,厚度约为20 nm,且纳米片之间具有丰富的孔隙结构;复合材料其相对ACF(1043 m~2/g)具有更高的比表面积,达到了1352 m~2/g;电化学性能测试表明:复合材料在电流密度0.5 A/g时的比电容高达905 F/g,在电流密度5 A/g时的比电容仍有630 F/g,通过循环充放电1000次,其比电容保持率仍有85.7%,表明复合材料具有较好的倍率性和循环稳定性。     

rGO/GQDs复合材料的制备及其超级电容器性能

利用少量乙二胺作为还原剂,在水热条件下制备了还原氧化石墨烯/石墨烯量子点复合材料(rGO/GQDs)。由扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱对材料的形貌和结构进行了表征,并研究了材料的电化学性能。结果表明:复合材料具有三维多孔结构和良好的电化学性能,在0. 3 A/g的电流密度下,复合材料的比电容达到了226. 54 F/g。在10 A/g电流密度下,经过10000次充放电循环后其比电容值仍为初始值的91. 4%。     

超临界CO_2辅助制备Fe_2O_3/石墨烯纳米复合材料及其在超级电容器方面的应用

采用超临界CO_2流体辅助分散技术,合成制备了Fe_2O_3/石墨烯复合材料,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征结果可以看出,Fe_2O_3纳米粒子均匀的负载于石墨烯片层之上,利用其与石墨烯的协同效应,改善各自的固有缺点,增强材料的性能。X-射线能谱(XPS)和X-射线衍射(XRD)结果表明Fe_2O_3和石墨烯之间复合较为完好,且石墨烯结构较为完整,能够大大提升复合材料的导电性。将制得的增强Fe_2O_3/石墨烯复合材料用于超级电容器电极材料,通过循环伏安(CV),恒电流充放电(GCD)和交流阻抗(EIS)测试可知,电容器表现出了优异的赝电容性能,在电流密度为1 A/g时,其比电容量可以达到596 F/g,显示了优异的电化学储能性能。     

PANI/MoS_2复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

采用原位聚合法制备不同摩尔比的PANI/MoS_2纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、透射电镜等手段,对所制备的材料进行了结构和微观形貌的表征,结果表明:所制备的聚苯胺呈现棒状纳米纤维包覆在卷曲的纳米鳞片MoS_2片层上形成了PANI/MoS_2纳米复合材料。通过循环伏安法、恒流充放电等测试手段对材料的电化学性能进行了研究,结果表明:在不同电流密度下PANI∶MoS_2=1∶0.1的二元复合物比电容明显高于纯聚苯胺,在1 A/g时PANI∶MoS_2=1∶0.1的二元复合物的比电容值可达942.5 F/g,相比于同电流密度下的PANI的400.5 F/g的高出一倍。表明适量的MoS_2的掺入有助于提高PANI电极材料的电化学电容特性。     

自支撑石墨烯/二氧化锰/泡沫镍复合材料的电化学性能

以三维泡沫镍(NF)为模板,在不添加模板剂的条件下,通过电沉积法沉积石墨烯(G),再采用水热合成制备纳米片二氧化锰(Mn O_2),得到自支撑电极复合材料G/Mn O_2/NF,改善其作为电极材料的电化学性能。用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的微观结构和表面形貌进行分析,通过循环伏安(CV)、恒电流充放电(GCD)、交流阻抗(EIS)测试了电极复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明:在电流密度为1 A/g的条件下,复合电极材料的比电容达到722 F/g,经过1 000次循环后比电容保持率为97%。     

电化学法制备石墨烯/镍钴氧化物复合薄膜电极及其性能

用电化学法控电位制备石墨烯/Co₂O₃-NiO薄膜电极,通过XRD、Raman、SEM、TEM等仪器对所制备的薄膜进行表征。复合材料中Ni和Co主要以NiO和Co₂O₃的形式负载于石墨烯的表面,直径在50~200 nm之间。循环伏安测试结果表明,石墨烯/Co₂O₃-NiO复合材料性能较纯石墨烯材料明显提升。恒电流充放电测试表明,石墨烯/Co₂O₃-NiO复合材料具有高比电容,在2 A/g的电流密度下,复合材料的比电容最高达到503 F/g,循环500次后比电容保持率为91%。     

氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺材料的制备及其超电容性能研究

通过乳液聚合制备具有类似金属导电性和超电容功能的氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺(GO-PANI)复合材料,聚合在组成为水,乙醇,二甲苯和十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)的乳液中进行。采用红外光谱对材料进行了表征,采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗和恒电流充放电进行了材料电化学性能的测试。结果表明氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺呈现高的超电容性能。在0.5 A/g电流密度下,摩尔比为3∶7材料的比电容高达444 F/g,远远超过了氧化石墨烯的比电容(134 F/g)。在50 mV/s下循环1000次,GO-PANI(3/7)仍呈现出高的比电容,达到412 F/g,仅减少7.2%。相对于纯聚苯胺比电容下降41.7%,复合材料GO-PANI具有优良的稳定性,显著提高复合材料容量保持率和循环寿命。     

一步水热法制备二氧化钛纳米线-还原氧化石墨烯复合材料及其超级电容器性能研究

通过Hummers制备出氧化石墨烯(GO),以Ti O2纳米颗粒(Ti O2NPs)和GO为原料,在Na OH碱性条件下进行水热反应,一步合成Ti O2纳米线-还原氧化石墨烯(Ti O2NWs-RGO)复合材料。研究了Ti O2NPs和GO的质量比对Ti O2NWs-RGO复合材料电容性能的影响。形貌和结构表征(SEM和XRD)结果表明,通过水热反应,Ti O2NPs转化为Ti O2NWs,GO被还原为RGO。电化学电容性能测试(CV、GCD、交流阻抗测试和循环稳定性测试)结果表明,在电流密度为1 A/g时,Ti O2NWs-RGO复合材料的比电容达到210 F/g,经过1 000次循环后,比容量仍保留最初的84. 93%,表现出优异的循环稳定性,是一种性能优异的超级电容器电极材料。     

水热法制备Mn_3O_4/石墨烯复合材料及其电化学性能

采用水热法制备Mn3O4/石墨烯复合材料。石墨烯的含量对产物的形貌和结构有决定性的影响。当石墨烯与MnO2质量比1∶3时,制备得到MnOOH/石墨烯复合材料,当石墨烯与MnO2质量比1∶1时,制备得到Mn3O4/石墨烯复合材料。石墨烯与Mn3O4复合可使Mn3O4更大可能地释放赝电容,在电流密度2 A/g时,Mn3O4/石墨烯的比电容值为297.14 F/g。     

NiMn2O4/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

采用水热法制备了NiMn₂O₄/还原氧化石墨烯（NiMn₂O₄/rGO）复合电极材料,研究了石墨烯对NiMn₂O₄/rGO材料形貌、微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明：NiMn₂O₄纳米片沉积在石墨烯片的表面,聚集现象消失。与纯NiMn₂O₄相比,NiMn₂O₄/rGO具有高的比表面积和优良的电化学性能。在1A/g时具有1375F/g的比电容,而纯NiMn₂O₄的比电容为924F/g。5000次充放电后,NiMn₂O₄/rGO在5A/g时的比电容保留率为90%,而NiMn₂O₄的比电容保留率为78%。NiMn₂O₄/rGO表现出良好的电容性能,作为超级电容器电极材料具有广泛的应用前景。     

介孔CoMn2O4/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

采用共沉淀法制备了CoMn₂O₄/还原氧化石墨烯(CoMn₂O₄/rGO)复合电极材料,并研究了石墨烯含量对CoMn₂O₄/rGO复合材料形貌、微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:CoMn₂O₄纳米颗粒沉积在石墨烯纳米片的表面,随着石墨烯含量的增加,CoMn₂O₄纳米颗粒在r GO表面的分布逐渐均匀,聚集现象消失。CoMn₂O₄/rGO具有高的比表面积及优良的电化学性能,其中CoMn₂O₄/rGO20 (rGO质量分数为20%)电容性能最好,在电流密度1 A/g时具有1 420 F/g的比电容。CoMn₂O₄/rGO30(rGO质量分数为30%)的倍率性能和循环稳定性能最好。2 000次充放电后,样品CoMn₂O₄/rGO30在5 A/g时的比电容保持率为94%,样品CoMn₂O₄的比电容保持率为78%。     

石墨烯气凝胶/MnO2复合材料强化电容去离子性能研究

选用石墨烯气凝胶(GA)作为载体,负载MnO2纳米颗粒,构建新型石墨烯气凝胶-MnO2复合材料(MnGA),并制备电容电极,研究复合材料的电容去离子性能。结果表明,MnO2在石墨烯片层上可形成一维线状结构,减弱石墨烯片层间的堆叠效应,提升材料电容,从而提高了电极的脱盐性能,最大电容脱盐量达到25.78 mg/g;NaCl溶液的初始浓度、供电电压和进水流速均会对电容脱盐量产生影响。     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composites

Polyaniline (PANI)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites were synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline on reduced graphene sheets. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the composites. The results indicated PANI/rGO composites were produced and contained covalent bonds between the functional groups of PANI and rGO. A uniform coating of PANI on the rGO sheets had a synergistic effect on the properties of the composites. The electrochemical properties of the PANI/rGO composites produced using different feed ratios of aniline to rGO were studied. The results showed that the composites exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 797.5 F/g at 0.5 A/g and minimum charge transfer resistance of 0.98 Ω when the feed ratio of aniline to rGO was 2:1. These values were superior to those of pure PANI and rGO. The composites also displayed excellent cycling stability, with specific capacitance retention of 92.43% after 1000 cycles. These stable structural composites show promise for the development of new supercapacitor applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46103.     

Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/MWNTs nanocomposite supercapacitor materials tested as electrophoretically deposited films on glassy carbon electrodes

This paper reports on a facile synthesis method for reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) nanocomposites. The initial step involves the use of graphene oxide to disperse the MWNTs, with subsequent reduction of the resultant graphene oxide/MWNTs composites using l-ascorbic acid (LAA) as a mild reductant. Reduction by LAA preserves the interaction between the rGO sheets and MWNTs. The dispersion-containing rGO/MWNTs composites was characterized and electrophoretically deposited anodically onto glassy carbon electrodes to form high surface area films for capacitance testing. Pseudo capacitance peaks were observed in the rGO/MWNTs composite electrodes, resulting in superior performance with capacitance values up to 134.3 F g^?1 recorded. This capacitance value is higher than those observed for LAA-reduced GO (LAA-rGO) (63.5 F g^?1), electrochemically reduced GO (EC-rGO) (27.6 F g^?1), or electrochemically reduced GO/MWNTs (EC-rGO/MWNTs) (98.4 F g^?1)-based electrodes.     

Morphology-controlled synthesis of CdSe microspheres on graphene oxide sheets and their photocatalytic properties

Different morphologies of CdSe microspheres have been synthesized on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets by a simple hydrothermal process using Cadmium nitrate and Se powder as the raw materials. The hybrid CdSe/rGO samples were intensively investigated by XRD, EDS, XPS, SEM and UV–vis absorption spectrum. It was found that the EDTA/Cd²⁺ molar ratio is crucial for the formation of morphology of CdSe grown on rGO sheets. The results of XRD reveal that the as-prepared CdSe microspheres have zinc blend structure. The results of Raman spectra, EDS, XPS and SEM show that the CdSe microspheres are grown on rGO sheets. In addition, UV–vis absorption spectrum indicates that the CdSe/rGO nanocomposites are believed to serve as photosensitizers to extend the absorption spectrum to visible light region. Superior photocatalytic activity of urchin-like CdSe microspheres grown on rGO sheets relative to those of other CdSe/rGO nanocomposites was observed under visible light irradiation. The growth mechanism for the formation of CdSe microspheres grown on rGO sheets was also described.     

氧化石墨烯与剩余活性污泥聚合制备多孔碳材料及其电化学性能

石墨烯是导电性良好的二维材料,但易重新堆叠而导致导电率和电容量下降。氧化石墨烯（GO）的生物相容性和细菌的胶体特性可使二者在水溶液中聚集为三维石墨烯基材料。将剩余活性污泥与GO悬浮液共培养形成活性污泥石墨烯水凝胶（SGH）,剩余活性污泥中的细菌可将GO还原为导电的rGO。SGH经冻干可得到具有良好亲水性和导电性的O、N自掺杂多孔材料,即活性污泥石墨烯气凝胶（SGA）。在氩气中高温退火可进一步提高材料的电化学性能。经700℃、2 h退火后的改性SGA（ANSGA）具有174 F/g的比电容值（2 A/g）,以及优异的倍率性能、离子传输性能和循环稳定性,具有进一步加工制备电极材料的应用潜力,为石墨烯基材料绿色制备和剩余活性污泥资源化利用提供方向。     

Preparation of manganese monoxide@reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with superior electrochemical performances for lithium-ion batteries

Manganese monoxide (MnO) nanowire@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method combined with a calcination process. The structural and morphological characterization of the composites indicates that the MnO nanowires homogeneously anchor on both sides of the cross-linked rGO. The nanocomposites exhibit a high surface area of 126.5?m² g^?1. When employed as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the nanocomposites exhibit a reversible capacity of 1195 mAh g^?1 at a current density of 0.1?A?g^?1, with a high charge-discharge efficiency of 99.2% after 150 cycles. The three-dimensional architecture of the present materials exhibits high porosity and electron conductivity, significantly shortening the diffusion path of lithium ions and accelerating their reaction with the electrolyte, which greatly improves the lithium-ion storage properties. These excellent electrochemical performances make the composite a promising electrode material for lithium-ion batteries.