石化企业停工吹扫气除臭工艺研究

随着原油劣质化、含硫原油比例增大,部分大中型石油石化企业在每年停工吹扫、生产装置异常或污油管线退油时,大量的含硫、含氨等恶臭汽排放到大气中,严重的污染环境,影响着人体健康。采用高效吸收剂,二级旋流吸收新工艺,可以将各种恶臭气体中的硫化氢、硫醇、硫醚等恶臭物质除去,使炼厂排放气实现达标排放。     

炼油厂恶臭污染与治理

原油中含有不同形态的硫化物，在石油炼制过程中会产生大量有毒有害的恶臭物质，对周围环境造成严重污染，造成恶臭的主要组分为有机及无机硫化物、挥发性酚类等。随着国产原油质量变差、硫含量升高，进口大量高硫原油及原油加工深度的提高，恶臭污染日益加重，已成为炼油企业亟待解决的重大环保课题。北京三聚环保新材料有限公司多年来致力于对炼油化工行业油气净化方面的研究，在治理炼厂恶臭污染方面研制出独特的治理方法：以复合金属氧化物为主要成分制成固体催化剂，采用固定床化学吸附的方法，将污油罐(池)、含硫污水罐(池)、碱渣罐(池)排出的臭气吸收、转化，使排气体达到无味、无臭，消除了污染，保护了环境。     

济南炼油厂污水除臭二期工程投入使用

济南炼油厂污水除臭二期工程竣工并正式投入使用,从根本上消除了污水在处理过程中所散发的恶臭污染,这项工程在国内尚属首创。据有关方面人士介绍:目前济南炼油厂所炼制的原油已由原先的单一品种转变为国内外多处油田的原油,原油性质发生了很大的变化, 所排放污水中恶臭气体含量不断提高,而污水处理过程中的浮选和曝气工艺又使这些恶臭气体散逸,对周边的空气和生产生活环境造成污染。2003 年8月开始, 济南炼油厂污水除臭一期工程启动,处理能力为7200m /h,主要解决浮选池恶臭污染,其中要求 3硫化氢等有害气体的去除率达98%以上。二期工…     

UV光解与喷淋吸收组合技术处理含酸恶臭气体

化工厂中焙烧炉容易产生含氯化氢、非甲烷总烃等含酸恶臭气体,直接排放既污染了环境,又恶化了车间操作环境。本文设计了一种UV光解净化与喷淋吸收组合技术处理含酸恶臭气体的系统。本文优化选择了工艺流程,分析了恶臭气体在UV光解净化器的反应过程,设计了喷淋吸收塔的参数。工业应用结果表明:该组合技术处理含酸恶臭气体的工艺流程合理,技术可行,处理后尾气中HCl、非甲烷总烃及NH3的排放量均低于国家标准限值。     

SJT吸收剂在炼厂恶臭气体治理中的应用

阐述了SJT吸收剂在炼油厂恶臭气体治理中的应用,恶臭气体经吸收处理后,可满足国家排放标准,改善了生产和生活环境。该工艺设计优点是操作简单、投资少、效果显著。     

污水处理厂除臭装置设计实例

本文介绍城市污水处理厂致臭气体的化学吸收装置设计实例。采用硫酸溶液和碱性氧化剂溶液作吸收介质．恶臭气体氨气、硫化氢、甲硫醇通过三级吸收塔被吸收,气体达标后排放。     

吸收氧化法治理恶臭污染探讨

采用化学吸收氧化法治理恶臭污染,结合了吸收与氧化两种机理,可除去多种恶臭气体,具有高去除效率和操作弹性的优点。对某企业恶臭污染进行分析表明主要成分是硫化氢、胺、低级脂肪酸、卤代烃、氨、硫醚、硫醇等,再采用化学吸收氧化法,通过酸性双氧水、碱性次氯酸钠吸收氧化和活性炭的吸附三步处理,控制操作气速0.8～2.5 m/s,气水比5～10 L/m3时,恶臭处理效率可达93%。     

化学洗涤吸收法在煤化工恶臭废气处理中的应用

针对煤化工甲醇装置产生的废水中带有大量恶臭废气的问题,通过对几种恶臭气体处理工艺进行比选,采用了水逆流吸收+次氯酸钠氧化+液碱吸收转化的处理方案进行处理。投入运行结果表明,系统运行效果良好,出口气体实现达标排放。     

高浓度恶臭气体多元旋流吸收工艺的研究

介绍了恶臭气体的常规处理工艺、炼油企业的恶臭气体特点，多元旋流吸收工艺的机理、工艺流程、运行情况和处理效果。多元旋流吸收工艺处理炼油污水罐恶臭气体具有工艺先进、经济高效、安全可靠、操作方便的特点，具有明显的社会、环境效益。     

亚磷酸三甲酯恶臭的控制

以水吸收和化学化学氧化吸收组合工艺处理亚磷酸三甲酯恶臭，效果明显，废气排放达到ＧＢ１４４５５４－９３厂界恶臭浓度标准。     

生物除臭技术在炼油污水处理厂臭气治理中的应用

生物除臭技术成熟可靠,已在许多市政污水处理厂得到实际应用,但在炼油企业的应用还处于起步阶段。近年来恶臭污染日益突出,人们对生产所造成的恶臭污染的关注也进一步增强。因此,加强对恶臭污染控制已成为今后环保工作的最重要内容之一。介绍了生物除臭系统的工作原理、工艺流程、影响因素以及在庆阳石化污水处理厂中的应用效果,为以后对炼油厂吹扫气等恶臭气体治理提供了技术支持。     

惠炼常减压装置电脱盐系统运行情况分析

介绍了针对加工海洋原油设计的,国内单套处理能力最大(1200万吨/年)的惠炼常减压装置之电脱盐系统的实际运行状况,及配合"一脱四注"的工艺防腐措施所取得的低温位防腐效果。应用表明在加工高比重、高酸值和高含盐的海洋原油时,此套电脱盐设施运行状况良好,脱盐、脱水率较高,达到了预期的效果,较好的控制了塔顶等低温位的腐蚀。     

Integrated pollution control in seed oil refining

In edible oil refining, the various processes in current use lead to different by-products and/or waste products and they may also cause some form of pollution. The processes are reviewed in this paper and current or possible means of disposal of these by-products/waste products are discussed to highlight the areas requiring most attention. These areas turn out to be gum disposal when the degumming operation is carried out at a stand-alone refinery, and soapstock effluent resulting from the alkali refining process. Other waste products and pollution sources are found to be unimportant or manageable. Accordingly, a major step forward in pollution abatement in seed oil refining can be achieved by making two changes. The first one entails carrying out the degumming operation at the oil mill rather than at the refinery. This should be done in such a way that the degummed oil is amenable to physical refining. The acid refining process is recommended for this degumming step and consequently, acid refined oil with appropriate quality guarantees will then become the article of trade. The second one involves a switch from alkali refining crude or waterdegummed oil to the physical refining of acid refined oil. For this latter step, a counter-current process is recommended because of its low stripping steam requirement. Dry condensation of the distillate will further alleviate pollution problems associated with deodorization and physical refining. Finally, some processes, that may contribute to pollution control but that still require development, are mentioned.     

原油脱钒的研究进展

随着国内原油的重质化、劣质化，对国外原油的依存度不断增加，中国加大了委内瑞拉重油的进口，委内瑞拉重油中的钒元素远远高于国内原油，加工高钒原油给国内炼油厂带来巨大挑战。综述了原油中钒元素的赋存态，钒元素对炼油加工过程中的加氢催化剂及设备腐蚀等的危害；针对目前国内外原油脱钒的研究热点及工业应用案例，通过对比得出结论，组合工艺法脱除原油中的钒具有研究及工业应用的良好前景。     

炼化项目建设中无损检测工作现状及问题探讨

无损检测工作是工程项目建设中重要一环,它直接为工程项目建设的质量把关。文章结合作者多年来大型炼化项目建设的管理实践,探讨当前炼化项目建设中无损检测工作现状和管理上存在的问题,提出了解决措施和建议,也为其他行业的项目建设提供有益的参考。     

国内外高酸原油脱酸发展现状

近年来,随着常规原油资源日益减少和原油开采技术的提高,非常规原油的产量逐年增加。非常规原油的酸值一般较高,基本都属于高酸原油,高酸原油在加工的过程中会对设备造成严重的腐蚀,而且对石油产品的使用性能产生较大影响,因此,解决高酸原油加工问题具有重大的意义。介绍了国内外高酸原油脱酸的几种工艺,如碱洗脱酸、醇氨法脱酸、酯化脱酸、加氢法、热分解法等方法,并对各种方法进行了对比。     

Current practices in continuous cottonseed miscella refining

Miscella refining of crude cottonseed oil has become a generally accepted commercial process for the past 20 years. The simple and efficient continuous process for removal of undesirable impurities is described, having changed little in its basic form since discovery 40 years ago. The individual unit processes, control systems, process flow charts, chemical reactions and oil-to-hexane ratios used in miscella refining are described. The several advantages to miscella refining vs conventional oil refining are noted.     

原油海运费实证分析

通过分析OPEC海运费统计数据以及原油贸易运费计价公式,研究提出了可用于炼油企业盈利预测和炼油项目财务评价的进口原油海运计费公式。     

Experience of Prerefining of Vegetable Oils with Acids

Prerefining of vegetable oils with acids serves general purposes. One is to remove impurities like phosphatides etc. from the crude oils to such a degree that the oil can then be physically refined. Another purpose is to facilitate subsequent alkali refining and to reduce pollution in effluent from alkali refining. After a review of some earlier work results from tests in laboratory scale on soya oil, rapeseed oil and linseed oil will be presented and discussed. Finally, an industrial procedure for acid refining, called “special degumming” will be described.     

Steam (physical) refining deodorizer for malaysian palm oil

The production of Malaysian palm oil is expected to increase 20% per year for the next 5 yr. Already planted are more than a million acres which will start to produce in the next few years. Recent plantings of new strains will produce 2400 to 3000 lb of palm oil per acre. Palmex Industries, Penang, Malaysia started in operation in August, 1975, a physical refining system to produce a deodorized palm oil with 0.03% free fatty acid (FFA) from crude palm oil containing 5.0% FFA. Production records confirm the feasibility of physical refining crude palm oil in Malaysia, ex-porting the oil to the United States, and producing a quality product with a minimum of additional pro-cessing.