盐酸洛美沙星分散片的制备工艺研究

目的：制备盐酸洛美沙星分散片。方法：以崩解时间为指标筛选填充剂与崩解剂,以正交试验确定最佳处方。结果：填充剂以微晶纤维素、崩解剂以羧甲基淀粉钠效果最优,粘合剂采用80%的乙醇配制成5%的聚维酮溶液,其崩解时间、分散均匀性达到中国药典（2010版第二部）要求。结论：盐酸洛美沙星分散片制备工艺合理。     

高硬度紫外光固化涂料附着力的影响研究

研究了偶联剂、磷酸酯化的丙烯酸酯类单体及低聚物、氯化树脂等附着力促进剂、主体树脂的用量、光引发剂的用量对PET窗膜用高硬度紫外光固化涂料附着力的影响,结果表明:附着力促进剂中钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ - 201对改善涂层附着力效果显著;在主体树脂中,当复合主体树脂P6和8000A的质量比为1∶1时,涂膜表现出了良好的硬度及附着力;当光引发剂用量为6％时,涂层表现出了良好的附着力.     

壳聚糖包裹广藿香精油微胶囊的制备及表征

采用复合凝聚法,以广藿香精油为芯材,壳聚糖（CTS）和阿拉伯胶（GA）为壁材,制备了广藿香精油微胶囊。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、激光粒度仪、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）等对微胶囊进行表征。结果表明,当乳化剂用量为质量分数1%,芯壁质量比为1∶2,乳化转速为2 500r/min,复凝pH为5,固化剂用量为1.5g时,微胶囊包封率和载药量最佳,微胶囊球形规则、分散性好,平均粒径为10.5μm。     

神香草精油护肤皂的处方工艺研究

目的:筛选神香草护肤皂基质材料的种类、用量和最优处方。方法:以成型度、泡沫丰盈度、细腻度及其他重要性能为评价指标,利用单因素和正交设计试验进行筛选。结果:筛选出最优处方为皂基250.0g、起泡剂2.5ml、基础油0.5ml、保湿剂1.0g、透皮吸收促进剂5.0g、神香草精油1.0ml。结论:成型的神香草护肤皂处方工艺稳定、合理可行。     

PET膜用UV固化涂料的配制及涂层性能研究

以聚氨酯甲基丙烯酸酯(PUA)为主体,进行了PET膜用UV固化涂料配制及涂层性能研究。对PUA低聚物进行了筛选,探讨了低聚物结构对涂层附着力、硬度、柔韧性等性能的影响,以及活性稀释剂、光引发剂的种类、配比、用量等因素对涂层性能的影响。获得了较适宜的PET膜用UV固化涂料配方:低聚物采用5#树脂,其用量为总量的48.0%;活性稀释剂组成为m(TMPTA)∶m(TPGDA)=1∶1,其用量为总量的48.0%;光引发剂组成为m(Darocur1173)∶m(Irgacure 184)=2∶1,其用量为总量的3.2%。经测试,制得的涂膜附着力达100%,硬度3H,柔韧性2 mm,耐酒精擦拭大于150次,可满足PET保护膜硬化处理应用要求。     

60%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂的研制

通过对分散剂、润湿剂、崩解剂和填料等的筛选,获得了60%吡蚜酮水分散粒剂的最佳配方:吡蚜酮60%、分散剂SD-819为2%、分散剂SD-661为5%、润湿剂SR-01为2%、崩解剂硫酸铵10%、三聚磷酸钠补足。其热贮前后悬浮率均≥6%,其他各项指标均符合质量要求。     

5%氟环唑展膜油剂研制

通过筛选溶剂和表面活性剂,确定了5%氟环唑展膜油剂配方(各组分按质量比):5%氟环唑;5%十二碳醇酯;6%助剂(NP10∶BY140∶TX10=1∶1∶1);7%1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮;21%油酸甲酯;溶剂油200号补至100%,该配方经各项性能质量检测合格。5%氟环唑展膜油剂作为一种水田省力化农药新剂型,在防治水稻纹枯病试验中表现优异,在有效成分亩用量为5~6 g时,50 d防效可达76.18%,与市场常用药剂125 g/L氟环唑悬浮剂防效相当。     

喷雾干燥法制备复方止咳泡腾片研究

目的:制备复方止咳泡腾片优化喷雾干燥工艺和压片工艺。方法:采用正交试验设计法优化喷雾干燥工艺进行筛选,并对泡腾片片剂中泡腾崩解剂的用量、酸碱比例,润滑剂种类进行筛选,优化片剂处方。结果:喷雾干燥工艺参数为:通风量100%,进风温度135℃,进料速度20r/min;处方中泡腾崩解剂用量与药粉比例为1.2∶1,柠檬酸与碳酸氢钠比例为2∶3,聚乙二醇为润滑剂。制剂工艺合理可行。     

响应面优化复方茶多酚口腔溃疡喷膜剂制备处方

目的：研制一款专治口腔溃疡的喷膜剂,并利用响应面法优化复方茶多酚口腔溃疡喷膜剂处方。方法：以聚乙烯醇（PVA）、嵌段式聚醚F-127(F-127)、聚氧乙烯月桂醚、甘油和乙醇的用量为自变量,以最终成膜效果为因变量,利用单因素实验对各自变量进行分析,选择影响较大的因素进行响应面法优化。同时以茶多酚、芦荟提取物、天冬提取物、金银花提取物的用量为自变量,以复方茶多酚口腔喷膜剂最终效果为因变量,采用响应面分析,得出复方茶多酚口腔溃疡喷膜剂的药材最佳处方。结果：复方茶多酚口腔溃疡喷膜剂的最优处方为PVA 4.00 g、F-127 2.00 g、聚氧乙烯月桂醚1.05 g、甘油3.90 mL、乙醇44.08 mL、茶多酚1.02 g、芦荟提取物1.02 g、天冬提取物1.06 g、金银花提取物1.03 g。结论：制得产品黏度适宜,成膜性能好,药物含量稳定,给药方便,可在口腔溃疡处持续给药,药物疗效较稳定     

硫化促进剂NS合成工艺研究

采用促进剂M-Na盐作原料,加入少量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠作分散剂,同时配制稀释的叔丁胺溶液投料,以次氯酸钠作氧化剂合成硫化促进剂NS。实验最佳条件:主要原料配比n(促进剂M)∶n(NaOH)∶n(叔丁胺)为1∶1.02∶2.6,分散剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠用量为促进剂M质量的0.4%。产品硫化促进剂NS的优级品率达到90%以上,得率最大达到93.62%。     

均匀设计法优选聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钙复合膜制备工艺

采用均匀设计法设计实验,以w（戊二醛）、m（PVA）：m（SA）、m（CaCl2）和t（戊二醛与聚乙烯醇的反应时间）为考察因素,以含水率和拉断伸长率为考察指标,研究聚乙烯醇海藻酸钙复合膜的制备工艺条件。用红外光谱测定材料中交联反应的互溶性,用扫描电镜观察材料的组织形态。表明最佳制备工艺条件为：叫（戊二醛）-0．85％,m（PVA）：m（SA）=7．5：1,侧（CaCl2）-2％,反应时间为1．5h。测试结果表明,制得的复合膜外观均一、光滑,柔韧有弹性,呈乳白色,含水质量百分率达到85．01％,拉断伸长率为494．80％。优选出的制备工艺条件可行性好。     

Elaboration of ion‐exchange membranes with semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks containing poly(vinyl alcohol) as polymer matrix

Ion‐exchange membranes were prepared with semi‐interpenetrating networks (s‐IPNs) by mixing a film‐forming polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), for the crosslinked matrix and a polyelectrolyte for the specific ion‐exchange property. Poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (PSSNa), poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSH), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were used as anionic polyelectrolytes. Polyethyleneimine (PEI), poly(1,1‐dimethyl‐3,5‐dimethylenepiperidinium chloride) (PDDPCl), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDMACl) were used as cationic polyelectrolytes. Membranes with PVA 60% and polyelectrolyte 40% showed the best compromise among mechanical, homogeneous, and ion‐exchange properties. Gaseous dibromoethane was used as a crosslinking agent to form the PVA network and for efficient entrapment of the polyelectrolyte in the membrane. The crosslinking time (tc) was optimized for each type of membrane and its influence was studied by thermogravimetric analysis of the sample and scanning electron microscopy observations. The best results (large ion‐exchange capacity and small swelling ratio) were obtained for PVA/PAA and PVA/PSSNa/PSSH membranes. Among anion‐exchange membranes, PVA/PEI gave the best permselectivity (low co‐ion leakage) and the highest ion‐exchange capacity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1572–1580, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10420     

木质素/PVA复合膜的结构和性能研究

以可再生资源木质素磺酸钙(木钙)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基料,制备力学强度及耐水性能良好的木质素/PVA复合膜,并采用FT-IR、DSC和SEM对膜的结构进行表征。结果表明,当原料配比为木钙7g、PVA14g、交联助剂10g、尿素7g、硼砂2.5g时,可以得到综合性能优良的木质素/PVA复合膜;体系中的木质素磺酸钙和PVA有较好的相容性,膜表面均匀光滑。木质素/PVA复合膜有望成为一种新型农业地膜材料。     

α-Al2O3载体上b-轴取向MFI分子筛膜的制备

在α-Al2O3支撑的PVA表面手工组装紧密排列的b-轴取向silicalite-1分子筛晶体层,煅烧除去高聚物层后可得到很好的晶种层。采用两步法二次合成工艺,在多孔氧化铝载体表面可直接合成完备的b-轴取向MFI型分子筛膜。n（TEOS）：n（TPAOH）：n（H20）为1．0：0．2：200．0的合成液经150℃预加热处理可有效减少二次生长过程中α-轴孪晶的生成,保证制备的MFI膜为很好的b-轴取向。SEM及XRD检测表明所制备膜层的完备性及b-轴取向。另外采用多层取向晶种层经过一次晶化3h即可制备完备的b-轴取向多层MFI型分子筛膜。实现了在大孔载体上直接合成b-轴取向的MFI膜,对提高膜的应用性能有重要意义。     

Effect of boric acid treatment method on the characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol)/iodine polarizing film

Four types of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/iodine complex films were made using different boric acid treatments to prepare polarizing films having high durability under humid and warm atmospheres and to identify the effects of the boric acid treatment method on the formation of the PVA/iodine polarizing film. The four types of films were a PVA iodinated film(I), a PVA film that was iodinated and then treated with boric acid(I‐B), a PVA film that was treated with boric acid and then iodinated(B‐I), and a PVA film that was simultaneously treated with iodine and boric acid(I+B). The concentrations of I₂/KI were 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 mol/L, and the concentrations of boric acid were 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mol/L. Comparing four type films treated with 0.05 mol/L I₂/KI and 0.5 mol/L boric acid, the conformation of PVA/iodine complexes for I‐B film were larger than the others. The degrees of polarization (ρ) of all of the films increased to very high levels (99.9%↑). The durability of I‐B was superior to B‐I or I+B, and the change in the ρ was below 5% because the boric acid treated after iodine treatment reduced the molecular mobility of the PVA/iodine complex chains through intracrosslinking, so that the PVA/iodine complex could not easily collapse. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

改性水滑石/聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备及性能

采用焙烧复原法将山梨酸(SA)插入水滑石(LDH)层间合成了纳米插层材料SA-LDH,将其与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混,通过溶液流延法制备得到复合薄膜SA-LDH/PVA。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其结构、热稳定性以及形貌进行表征,并测试了复合薄膜的力学性能、溶胀率、溶解率和抑菌性能。结果表明:复合薄膜SA-LDH/PVA中SA-LDH含量为5 wt%时得到的LDH晶型最为完整,对应的SA-LDH片层在PVA薄膜中分散比较均匀;添加3 wt%SA-LDH可提高PVA膜的热稳定性;SA-LDH添加量为5 wt%和7 wt%时,提高了复合膜的抗拉性能和断裂伸长率;SA-LDH的添加提高了PVA膜的耐水性能;SA-LDH的添加量分别为5 wt%和6 wt%时,SA-LDH/PVA复合薄膜对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最佳。制备的改性水滑石/聚乙烯醇复合抑菌膜,为食品包装领域提供一种广谱的抑菌材料。     

SA/PVA可降解复合塑料膜的制备与性能研究

对木薯原淀粉进行乙酰化改性,合成低酯化度的木薯淀粉醋酸酯(SA);经增塑、交联后与聚乙烯醇(PVA)合成可降解的SA/PVA复合塑料膜,重点研究了PVA、甘油、乙二醛的用量及SA的酯化度对复合膜力学性能的影响,并对复合膜性能进行了表征。结果表明:在PVA质量分数为40%,甘油质量分数为14%,乙二醛质量分数为4%时,可以得到力学性能较好的复合塑料膜;与原淀粉/PVA复合膜相比,复合膜致密性提高,玻璃化转变温度降低,结晶度下降,表现出更好的力学性能。     

Tubular composite PVA ceramic supported membrane for bio-ethanol production

Thin polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layers loaded with fumed silica were coated on porous ceramic supports. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the ceramic-supported thin PVA active layers and the effects of coating gel PVA concentration on thickness and density of the active layers were investigated. Pervaporation (PV) dehydration of 90 wt.% ethanol was performed at temperatures of 30, 45 and 60 °C. The values of water flux (0.05–2.92 kg/m² h) and selectivity (3–180) exceed typical values obtained for pure PVA membranes. Besides the pervaporation separation index (PSI) varies from 5.84 to 82.81. Compared to pure PVA membrane with maximum PSI of 47.2, the pervaporation performance was significantly improved. The best separation performance was obtained using the membrane prepared from 5 wt.% PVA solution containing 6 wt.% fumed silica and at pervaporation temperature of 45 °C with permeation flux of 1.69 kg/m² h, and selectivity of 50. The highest permeation flux, selectivity and PSI was 2.92 kg/m² h, 180 and 82.81, obtained at 60, 30 and 45 °C, respectively, while using membranes loaded with 8, zero and 6 wt.% of fumed silica in PVA membrane prepared from 5, 10 and 5 wt.% PVA solutions, respectively. The novel ceramic support increased mechanical strength of the membrane and protected the ultrathin polymeric top active layer under aggressive operating conditions, especially high pressure gradient across the membrane. Incorporation of fumed silica also resulted in higher water permeation flux. Due to these results, the synthesized membranes are suitable for ethanol purification in industrial scales.     

CS/PVA-GA渗透蒸发膜分离偏二甲肼/水体系的实验研究

将壳聚糖(CS)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)按一定比例共混,再以戊二醛(GA)交联,制备CS/PVA-GA共混交联膜,研究了共混交联膜的结构、力学性能以及在偏二甲肼/水体系中的渗透蒸发脱水性能。结果表明,CS与PVA共混、GA交联,形成了致密的空间网状结构,随PVA含量增加,膜的抗张强度降低,而断裂伸长率增加。料液浓度、温度、膜厚度等因素对膜的渗透蒸发性能有较大影响,当料液中偏二甲肼的质量分数为50%,温度为20℃,渗透侧压力为100 Pa,膜厚约为25μm时,CS/PVA-GA共混交联膜的分离因子达到243,渗透通量可达167 g/(m2.h)。     

腰果酚/聚乙烯醇改性酚醛树脂的制备

以腰果酚、聚乙烯醇作为苯酚与甲醛缩聚的改性剂,研究了腰果酚和聚乙烯醇的用量,催化剂类型和用量等对其性能的影响。结果表明:改性酚醛树脂的最佳条件为:苯酚、腰果酚、聚乙烯醇、甲醛的最佳摩尔比为0.85:0.32:0.02:1,最佳的催化剂为苯磺酸,用量为4.5%。