PP/LDPE化学交联发泡的研究

聚丙烯(PP)熔融黏度较低,发泡过程中气泡容易从熔体中溢出。在PP中加入低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和偶氮二异丙苯(DCP),提高PP交联度,从而大大提高PP的熔融黏度。研究了共混聚合物组分的种类和含量对PP交联度的影响。结果表明,在共混过程中,部分PP和LDPE分子在热作用下相互促进,产生了接枝交联;共混物比纯PP的泡孔结构优且发泡效果佳,当LDPE为70%,发泡剂为5%,DCP为0.36%时,PP的发泡效果最好。解决了PP发泡过程中出现的气孔塌陷现象。     

共混型TPU/LDPE交联体系的制备与性能

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)及低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为基体,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂,采用熔融共混技术制备了具有交联结构的TPU/LDPE形状记忆共混物,并对共混物的凝胶含量、力学性能、形状记忆性能进行了研究。结果表明,DCP的加入使共混物的凝胶含量增大、力学性能提高,并在DCP的质量分数为0.3%时,TPU/LDPE共混物的力学性能达到最佳。形状记忆性能研究表明,DCP的加入使TPU/LDPE共混物的形状回复率呈先上升后下降的趋势,并在DCP的质量分数为0.5%时形状回复率达到最大。TPU/LDPE共混物形状固定率的变化趋势与形状回复率基本相反。相比于纯TPU,DCP的加入使TPU/LDPE共混物的形状回复率和形状固定率均有所上升。而且,TPU/LDPE共混物的拉伸应变越低,形状回复率越高。     

高密度聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯合金发泡材料泡孔形态演变的研究

将高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)在转矩流变仪中熔融共混,分别制备HDPE/LDPE合金以及交联HDPE/LDPE合金。通过熔融指数及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试,研究了HDPE、LDPE的熔体流动性能以及不同配比HDPE/LDPE合金,交联HDPE/LDPE合金的熔融和结晶行为。利用超临界二氧化碳作为物理发泡剂对不同配比合金样品进行釜压发泡,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察合金配比与发泡温度对泡孔形态的影响。结果表明,随着LDPE含量的增加,HDPE/LDPE合金的结晶能力下降,加入DCP后,结晶度再次下降。通过对两组合金样品配比和发泡温度的调控,可分别实现HDPE/LDPE合金发泡材料中闭孔结构到开孔结构的演变,以及交联HDPE/LDPE合金发泡材料中微小泡孔结构到常规尺寸泡孔结构的演变。     

过氧化物交联低密度聚乙烯的结构与性能关系研究

以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂,考察了温度、时间及DCP用量对交联低密度聚乙烯(XLDPE)结构和性能的影响,建立了结构与性能的关系。研究表明,交联度与交联密度随着DCP用量的增加而增大;当DCP用量超过2.0%,且交联温度和时间分别大于160℃和15 min时,XLDPE的交联度达到最大值;当温度高于450℃时,XLDPE热稳定性较LDPE好,且XLDPE的结晶度、结晶温度及熔融温度随着交联度的增加而下降;XLDPE具有剪切变稠特性,其剪切黏度随着剪切速率和交联度的增加而增大。     

熔融挤出接枝法制备粘接性LDPE

用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)作引发剂,通过双螺杆挤出机将复合接枝单体、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、分散剂(ESBO)混合均匀后进行熔融挤出接枝反应,制备粘接性LDPE,并对有关影响因素及熔融接枝反应机理进行讨论。     

LLDPE/LDPE/TiO2复合膜的分散及光学性能

讨论了纳米TiO2在线型低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE），低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）复合体系中的分散和体系流变行为，研究了复合薄膜的光学性能。结果表明，以高流动性LDPE为基体的纳米TiO2母料，加入LLDPE，LDPE体系中后。复合体系的表观粘度有所提高。但拉伸粘度显著下降。纳米TiO2母料在LLDPE／LDPE复合体系中具有良好的分散性，复合薄膜中的纳米TiO2为一次粒子。纳米TiO2起到了异相成核剂的作用。球晶的粒子得到细化。在本研究的纳米填充范围内（质量分数不大于1.0％），复合薄膜的透光度基本不变。雾度发生了较大幅度上升，复合薄膜在紫外光区域的吸收显著增强。     

粒料LDPE熔融挤出反应接枝马来酸酐的研究

将马来酸酐(MA)、过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)、分散剂和低密度聚乙烯粒料(LDPE)均匀混合,在单螺杆挤出机中挤出反应,得聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐(PE-MA)产品,通过化学法和红外分析可知部分马来酸酐确以化学键连接到聚乙烯分子链上。PE-MA 的接枝率(C_x)和熔体指数(MI)随 DCP、MA、分散剂用量不同而呈规律性变化,分散剂的选择对 G_x 和 MI 有较大的影响。本文根据实验规律提出了熔融挤出反应的反应机理。在接枝反应过程中加入含氮化合物有不良影响,补加引发剂的二次挤出可部分提高 MA 的转化率,增大 PE-MA 的接枝率。     

纳米抗菌LDPE包装膜的研究

将处理后的纳米TiO_2加入低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)中,通过双螺杆挤出机造粒得到抗菌母料,然后将抗菌母料与LDPE混合并挤出吹制抗菌LDPE薄膜,研究了薄膜的抗菌及力学性能。结果表明:采用该工艺制得的LDPE薄膜无毒、抗菌性能良好;随抗菌母料的增加(即纳米TiO_2的增加),LDPE薄膜的纵向拉伸强度和横向拉伸强度均有增加,抗菌母料质量分数由1%增加到5%时,抗菌薄膜的纵向拉伸强度由9.2 MPa提高至14.6 MPa;拉伸断裂应变略有下降。     

PE膜用填充母料的研制

以CaCO_3为填料核,低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为载体制得填充母料并应用于聚乙烯(PE)膜中.研究了不同种类偶联剂活化CaCO_3、CaCO_3与LDPE共混比和PE蜡的加入对填充母料的熔体流动速率(MFR)的影响,考察了填充母料在PE膜中的应用效果.结果表明,DL-411-D型铝酸酯偶联剂的活化效果较好;CaCO_3与LDPE为2∶1～3∶1时母料的MFR适于薄膜的挤出流延;母料应用于PE膜中可达到作为卫生材料的要求.     

产水剂对硅烷接枝LDPE的交联作用

采用HAAKE流变仪作为反应器,将不饱和硅烷熔融接枝到低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)上,然后将产水剂加入该体系,深入研究了流变转矩的变化规律。结果表明,硅烷用量一定,交联剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)用量很小时(0.005phr),熔体的扭矩随时间增长缓慢;当DCP用量大于0.015phr,熔体的扭矩都呈现先升后降的趋势,且随着DCP用量的提高,扭矩增大,达到最高峰的时间提前;加入某些产水剂后,熔体的扭矩增长很快,特别是加入磷酸二氢钠或三聚氰胺甲醛树脂干胶粉产水剂,熔体扭矩均增加了一倍多,凝胶质量分数测定结果也证明了产水剂可以明显地提高LDPE的交联速度。     

低温增韧尼龙6改性料的研究

研究了在有机过氧化物引发剂(DCP)作用下,马来酸酐(MAH)和聚乙烯在Brabender流变仪中反应接枝,以及接枝母料(PE—g—MAH)的制备方法和工艺。通过化学法测定PE—g—MAH的接枝率(Gx),加入一定接枝率的该母料后,获得适合于扣件挡板座用的尼龙6-聚乙烯共混物的改性材料。     

聚烯烃发泡母粒的研制及生产现状与展望

阐述了发泡母粒的组成,发泡剂、分散剂、载体树脂和助发泡剂的选用原则及对发泡母粒性能的影响;分析了近年来发泡母粒的生产应用状况;展望了发泡母粒的应用动向。     

环保膨胀型阻燃PP母料的研制

以三聚氰胺聚磷酸(MPP)/季戊四醇(PT)为复配阻燃剂,氧化锌为催化协效剂,聚乙烯蜡为分散剂,并添加一定量载体树脂,制备了环保膨胀型阻燃聚丙烯(PP)母料,运用氧指数法、UL94垂直燃烧法、热失重分析法和扫描电子显微镜研究了阻燃PP母料的阻燃性能。结果表明:当MPP∶PT=2∶1且MPP与PT占母料总量的72%时,将该类母料添加到PP中制得的复合材料的综合性能最好;阻燃PP母料的最佳载体树脂为PP/PP-g-MAH(1/1),将25%PP/PP-g-MAH基阻燃PP母料添加到PP中,复合材料的阻燃等级可达到UL94V—0级。     

Phase dispersion–crosslinking synergism in binary blends of poly(vinyl chloride) with low‐density polyethylene: Entrapping phenomenon in PVC/LDPE/DCP blend

The co‐crosslinked products and the entrapping phenomenon that may exist in a poly(vinyl chloride)/low density polyethylene/dicumyl peroxide (PVC/LDPE/DCP) blend were investigated. The results of selective extraction show that unextracted PVC was due to not being co‐crosslinked with LDPE but being entrapped by the networks formed by the LDPE phase. SBR, as a solid‐phase dispersant, can promote the perfection of networks of the LDPE phase when it is added to the PVC/LDPE blends together with DCP, which leads to more PVC unextracted and improvement of the mechanical properties of PVC/LDPE blends. Meanwhile, the improvement of the tensile properties is dependent mainly on the properties of the LDPE networks. Finally, the mechanism of phase dispersion–crosslinking synergism is presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1296–1303, 2003     

Cross‐linked and uncross‐linked biodegradable nanocomposites. I. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and gas permeability

Various nanocomposites of poly(butylene succinates) (PBS) with different ratios of organically modified layered silicates (OMLS) were prepared. Moreover, such PBS nanocomposites cross‐linked by dicumyl peroxide (DCP) were also prepared in this work. Effects of cross‐linking and OMLS on nonisothermal crystallization kinetics and the gas permeability of PBS samples were investigated further. WAXD indicates that the layers of clay were intercalated by the modifiers, and that the interlayer distance of OMLS in the nanocomposites could be expanded to about 2.96 nm. The results of DSC analysis revealed that the crystallization temperatures of nanocomposites shifted to the lower temperature with the increase of OMLS content. With the addition of OMLS, crystallinity was decreased, whereas the half‐life of crystallization was increased. On the other hand, even the cross‐linked effects also increased the half‐life of crystallization of the materials, but did not necessarily decrease crystallinity in all cases. Moreover, the PBS/OMLS nanocomposites showed a 23.87–46.64% decrease in permeability of oxygen when compared with the pristine PBS sample. Yet, the cross‐linked nanocomposites exhibited decrements of 6.38–39.53%. This indicates that the gas permeability of PBS was more effectively depressed by the addition of OMLS than by the cross‐linking reaction. The cross‐linked structure of polymer seemed not to be very effective in decreasing the gas permeability of PBS. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Properties and performance of a simulated consumer polymer waste—coal combustion byproduct composite material

A UK sourced fly ash (coded UKFA) was introduced into polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE) based composites at different PP/PE ratios to investigate its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Composites containing 65% wt. fly ash modified with commercial peroxide (DCP) and commercial coupling agent (C800) were prepared via batch mixing and compression moulding. The usage of DCP led to the formation of cross‐linked PE, which was responsible for highly viscous composites. The newly formed cross‐linked PE, together with chain scission of PP, would promote phase separation. Mechanically less stiff materials were produced, especially at high PE levels, because of the larger rubbery interfacial region, despite the good matrix–filler adhesion increasing the strength balance. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1239–1247, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Modification of isotactic polypropylene by the free‐radical grafting of 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate

The chemical modification of isotactic polypropylene was performed by the free‐radical‐promoted grafting of 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the initiator. The reaction was carried out both in a batch internal mixer and in a corotating twin‐screw extruder; the effects of the peroxide and monomer concentrations on the extent of modification in terms of the grafting efficiency and polymer chain structure variations were investigated. The modified samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared to determine the structure of the grafted groups and the degree of functionalization, with gel permeation chromatography and the melt flow index to evaluate changes in the molecular weight, and with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis to measure the final thermal properties. In addition, solvent extraction with xylene was performed to highlight the presence of gel and its extent. The structure of the grafted groups was determined, and the number of grafted groups was quantitatively evaluated. The degree of functionalization increased with an increasing TMPTMA/DCP molar ratio. Thermal analysis results hinted at the presence of grafted chains with an increased percentage of TMPTMA. Although degradation reactions predominated at high amounts of peroxide, grafting and branching processes became competitive at high levels of TMPTMA. The balance between competing β‐scission and grafting/branching reactions could be adjusted on the basis of feed conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 950–958, 2007     

PET/PE/CB导电母料的研制

采用分离喂料技术在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)/聚乙烯(PE)共混物中加入导电炭黑(CB),通过布斯往复式脉动挤出机熔融共混、挤出造粒,制备了综合性能较好的纤维级PET/PE/CB导电母料。研究发现,以PET/PE不相容共混物代替PET作母料的基体树脂,能以较低的CB用量获得较好的导电性能;CB的质量分数为15%时,母料的体积电阻率随PET用量的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,在PET与PE的质量比为60∶40时,母料的体积电阻率最低。     

塑料专用母粒发展现状

系统论述了塑料填充母粒、润滑母粒、透明母粒、珠光母粒、色母粒及抗静电母粒等专用母粒的性能、开发应用现状及国内市场需求,列出了国内部分生产塑料专用母粒的企业,并指出了塑料专用母粒的发展方向。     

Effect of vinyl acetate on aging mechanism of polyacrylate under UV light

Diversity of aging behaviors of polyacrylate and poly(vinyl acetate‐acrylate) with the ultraviolet light radiation was studied. The aging degree was evaluated and the mechanism dominated the behaviors was investigated by color aberration, the degree of cross‐linking, molecular weight and its distribution by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). These studies found that although photodegradation mechanism of poly(vinyl acetate‐acrylate) still preserves three main steps of the scission of main chain, formation of double bond and the generation of cross‐linking reaction, introducing structural units of vinyl acetate to polyacrylate cause the rules various. The structural units can aggravate the aging of polyacrylate, through increasing formation of double bonds and generating cross‐linking reaction. However, what is interesting is that the structural units can strikingly restrain main chain from scission. It is significant for modifying the photodegradation behaviors of polyacrylate coatings. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009