酸酶结合法制备葡甘露低聚糖的工艺研究

本文采用酸酶结合的方法制备葡甘露低聚糖,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定最佳工艺条件为:酸解时间1.5 h,酶解温度55℃,HCl浓度0.07 mol/L,酸解温度85℃,加酶量6000 U/g,底物质量浓度80 g/L.因素影响大小顺序为:酸解时间＞酶解温度＞HCl浓度＞酸解温度＞加酶量＞底物质量浓度.     

碱性过氧化氢预处理后汽爆玉米秸秆半同步糖化发酵生产乙醇

为了实现纤维素乙醇生产的"三高"(高浓度、高转化率和高发酵效率)指标,以复合预处理处理后的玉米秸秆为基质,探究其半同步糖化发酵工艺过程。通过对其高底物浓度预酶解过程特性考察,确定其最佳预酶解工艺为:在加酶量30 FPU/g干基质和50℃下,以15.6%(w/v)为起始基质浓度,在酶解12 h时补加相当于20%(w/v)初始基质浓度的干物料后继续酶解24 h。在最佳预酶解工艺基础上,探究了培养基成分和培养条件对乙醇发酵的影响,确定了发酵过程工艺:酵母提取物16 g/L、接种龄20 h、接种量0.6 g干菌体/L、发酵温度39℃和PEG4000 0.01 g/g干基质。在最佳的半同糖化发酵工艺下,发酵24 h后,乙醇产量达73.75 g/L,发酵效率为3.07 g/(L·h),转化率为61%。结果表明通过补料半同步糖化发酵过程可以实现高浓度和高发酵效率双重目标,这有利于推进纤维素乙醇生产的工业化发展。     

绿色木霉和黑曲霉协同酶解稻草秸秆纤维素的效果研究

采用双酶混合酶解可以缓解单一酶酶解过程中存在的产物累积抑制作用.对经过15%氨水预处理后的稻草残渣进行双酶(绿色木霉和黑曲霉)混合酶解实验.单因子实验发现纤维素酶解的最适条件为:纤维素酶加入量为20FPU/g底物、底物浓度为80g/L、pH值4.8、糖化温度为50℃;正交实验表明,酶的用量对酶解效果最为显著,其次是糖化温度,然后是pH,底物浓度对酶解得率的影响较小.最佳的酶解条件为:纤维素酶加入量30FPU/g底物、底物浓度60 g/L、PH4.8、糖化温度为50℃,在此条件下的酶解得率可达到80%.该研究为纤维素的有效利用提供了依据.     

高浓玉米秸秆碱法预处理及半同步糖化发酵生产乙醇的工艺研究

为实现玉米秸秆高效转化可发酵糖,提升玉米秸秆生产纤维素乙醇竞争力,对碱过氧化氢法预处理后高浓玉米秸秆半同步糖化发酵生产燃料乙醇的工艺进行了研究。建立底物浓度与酶解糖得率关系模型,以确定适宜的底物浓度。向预处理后的玉米秸秆中添加吐温20,考察其酶解过程特性,确定吐温20最适添加量。结果表明,酶解最适条件为:底物质量浓度200 g/L,吐温20添加量8%(ω)。在该条件基础上,对酵母种龄、吐温20对酵母发酵影响、半同步糖化发酵预酶解时间、半同步糖化发酵的时间、发酵温度进行了研究,确定了半同步糖化发酵的工艺条件为:种龄16 h,吐温20添加量5%(ω),预酶解时间9 h,半同步糖化发酵时间7 d,温度34℃。在最佳条件下,发酵7 d后,乙醇浓度达到23. 64 g/L,乙醇转化率达到76. 54%,较对照组(不添加吐温20)转化率提升3. 41%。该工艺条件下能实现高浓玉米秸秆高效转化可发酵糖及乙醇的目的。     

纤维素酶水解稻草纸浆制取乙醇的研究

对Candida shehatae发酵稻草纸浆水解液生产乙醇的工艺进行了初步研究.分别对影响酶水解和发酵阶段的各因素进行了优化.结果表明,利用正交试验确定的最佳酶水解条件为:酶用量150U/g料,底物浓度2%,反应温度55℃,pH4.8,反应时间8 h,酶解得率可达到73.20%.初始葡萄糖浓度为60g/L,装液量100mL/250mL,无机氮源为(NH4)2SO4,转速为100r/min,温度为28℃,pH值为5.5,发酵时间为48h,在此条件下乙醇得率可达49.72%,能达到理论得率的97%,转化率最高为0.36g/g(乙醇/稻草纸浆).     

常压甘油有机溶剂预处理甘蔗渣的浓醪酶解

为了实现木质纤维素浓醪酶解在低酶载量时的"三高"(高浓度、高转化率和高转化效率),通过利用常压甘油有机溶剂预处理甘蔗渣为底物,筛选合适的基质质量浓度(150 g/L)、纤维素酶添加量(6 FPU/g基质)和添加剂(吐温80,30 mg/g基质)。接着采用分批补料策略使基质质量浓度达到350 g/L,考察了不同加酶方式对分批补料浓醪酶解的影响。酶解72 h酶解液葡萄糖质量浓度达到132 g/L,葡萄糖转化率达到了理论值的60%。结果表明,常压甘油有机溶剂预处理基质具有较好的可酶解性,添加吐温80可以显著提高酶解效率。常压甘油有机溶剂预处理甘蔗渣的分批补料浓醪酶解推动了纤维素乙醇浓醪发酵工业化进程。     

木糖与葡萄糖共发酵产燃料乙醇条件的优化研究

对酵母茵M-3进行了葡萄糖和木糖共发酵产乙醇条件的优化研究.结果表明,发酵的最优条件为:pH5,温度34℃,转速70r/min,初始糖浓度60g/L,葡萄糖与木糖的质量比为2:1.在该条件下,发酵所得燃料乙醇浓度为23.0g/L.糖醇转化率为38.3%.     

丙酮丁醇梭菌发酵条件优化研究

以P2培养基为基础组分,分别通过改变初始葡萄糖浓度、初始酵母膏浓度以及初始pH值,研究这3个单因素对丁醇发酵的影响,确定了培养基的较佳条件:初始葡萄糖浓度60g/L、初始酵母膏浓度3g/L、初始pH值6.8.此外,采取接种量5％、发酵温度37℃、发酵时间72h,可使总溶剂浓度(丁醇、丙酮、乙醇)达到13.52g/L,其中丁醇、丙酮、乙醇浓度分别为8.83g/L、3.90g/L和0.79g/L,丁醇比例为65.31％.糖丁醇转化率为21.1％(平均值),糖总溶剂转化率为31.3％(平均值).     

纤维素酶辅助提取沉香叶黄酮及其抗氧化活性测定

以黄酮得率为评价指标,利用纤维素酶辅助乙醇提取法从沉香叶中提取黄酮,在单因素的基础上,选取乙醇浓度、温度、p H、底物质量浓度4因素,运用正交试验设计优化提取工艺;采用DPPH自由基法、ABTS自由基法测定沉香叶黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果表明,沉香叶黄酮的提取工艺为:乙醇浓度70%(v/v)、酶解温度55℃、酶解p H5、酶添加量200 U/g,底物质量浓度3 g/100 m L,酶解时间3 h,此条件下沉香叶黄酮的得率为3.86%(w/w);沉香叶黄酮提取物具有较强的清除DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基能力,其IC50值分别为0.17、0.18 mg/m L。     

碱法预处理玉米芯糖化发酵转化酒精工艺优化

为了探究玉米芯碱法预处理糖化发酵转化酒精产量的影响,利用热水和碱过氧化氢（AHP）对玉米芯进行预处理,研究不同 酶解pH、底物浓度、加酶量对葡萄糖和木糖转化率的影响;对比热水处理前后玉米芯成分变化以及对不同发酵方式对酒精转化率的 影响。结果表明：在初始pH 值为5.2,10%底物浓度,纤维素酶添加量20 mg/g,50 ℃酶解24 h,能获得较高的葡萄糖（＞85%）和木糖转 化率（＞80%）;在此条件下进行分步发酵,80 h时酒精产量可达到16.84 g/L,为酒精转化率理论值的61.9%;半同步糖化发酵和同步糖 化发酵酒精产量分别达到了16.23 g/L和16.19 g/L。 表明不同发酵方式对酒精产量无显著差异。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press