A~110核区手征双重带寻找

用重离子熔合蒸发反应布居A～110核区缺中子奇奇核^106,108Ag的高自旋态,分别在这两个核中找到了类似¹⁰⁴Rh中基于πg_9/2 νh_11/2组态的手征双带结构。它们的能级能量、旋称及B(M1)/B(E2)随角动量的变化关系符合手征带的特征。然而,进一步分析发现,¹⁰⁶Ag、¹⁰⁸Ag双带之间的转动惯量及准粒子角动量顺排存在较大差别,说明两者的晕带和伴带所基于的核芯形变与角动量耦合模式并不一致。     

g玻色子对100Pd核高自旋态能谱的影响

以新近的实验单粒子能量为输入，应用唯象sdgIBM理论的两种微观实现——微观sdgIBM-2方案和sdgIBM-F_max方案，仔细研究¹⁰⁰Pd的核能谱和B(E2)跃迁。计算结果表明:sdgIBM-2方案成功地再现了¹⁰⁰Pd核的较复杂的基态带和γ带的高角动量态能谱以及已知的B(E2)跃迁，其再现角动量达J^π=16⁺、E_x≈700MeV，比通常IBM理论再现的J^π=6⁺~8⁺、E_x≈200MeV高出很多;指认直到16⁺的yrast态都是基态，很可能目前观测到的yrast带中根本就不存在玻色子破对后的准粒子态。理论分析和数值计算进一步表明，为了能在IBM理论框架下描述好核的高角动量基态，需要平权地引入g玻色子，以便提供较强的十六极对相互作用，抵抗住高速转动下玻色子的破对趋势。用g玻色子数为0~3的弱耦合sdgIBM-F_max方案的计算结果对此作了进一步说明。按照微观sdgIBM 2方案，解释了实验上3个14⁺态的异常:14⁺₁态是由于1个中子g玻色子在转变为中子d玻色子的量子相变中辐射出1对光子的结果，14⁺₂是16⁺₁态退耦的中间态，而14⁺₃是真正的基态。     

α能谱法测定241Am(n,γ)242Amg,m的反应分支比

研究建立了1种利用α能谱测定²⁴¹Am(n,γ)²⁴²Am^g,m的反应分支比K₁和K₂的方法。利用²⁴²Am^m与²⁴²Am^g半衰期差别很大的特点，分两次测量²⁴¹Am辐照样品中的²⁴²Cm含量，分别推算²⁴²Am^g与²⁴²Am^m的生成量，从而得到K₁和K₂。实际分析了某反应堆辐照的样品，测得了该反应堆中子能谱对应的K₁和K₂值。     

利用镜像核转移反应研究短寿命不稳定核(p,γ)反应

介绍利用中子转移反应和镜像核的电荷对称性来间接研究丰质子核的(p,γ)反应。该方法有助于更充分地利用北京HI-13串列加速器次级束流线(GIRAFFE)上现有次级束流，拓宽其实验研究范围，间接得出质子辐射俘获截面（或反应率）且减小其不确定性（相对于已有数据）。在GIRAFFE上利用逆运动学测量了⁸Li(d,p)⁹Li反应的角分布，通过该方法间接确定了天体物理重要反应⁸B(p,γ)⁹C的直接俘获贡献。作为不同于以往的方法，给⁸B(p,γ)⁹C反应的现有研究结果提供了一独立的交叉检验。分析²⁶Mg(d,p)²⁷Mg反应基态、第一、第二激发态的角分布，间接确定²⁶Si(p,γ)²⁷P反应的直接和共振俘获贡献，首次从实验上导出²⁶Si(p,γ)²⁷P反应的直接俘获贡献。此方法也可以用于其它一系列重要的天体物理反应的研究。     

108Cd核振动到转动演化的微观研究

基于微观sdIBM-F_max模型和实验单粒子能量值,在最普遍的哈密顿量下,用两组不同的核子-核子等效相互作用参数,分别很好地再现了¹⁰⁸Cd核的振动带能谱和转动带能谱及其演化过程。微观和唯象的研究指出：1)这两种激发模式的共存区是能态8⁺₁~14⁺₁(E_x=3.683~5.503MeV),8⁺₁态是振动模式占据优势的能态,14⁺₁态是转动模式占据优势的能态,而10⁺₁态则是两种模式的中立能态;2)从基态到24⁺₁态的yrast态均是集体态,而以后出现的第1个拆对顺排态很可能就是中子h_11/2的两准粒子态;3)核结构的这种过渡不是很剧烈,而是在过渡区中,通过对玻色子结构中价核子对的耦合概率的微小改变来实现的。     

HI-13串列加速器能量重新刻度

为消除HI 13串列加速器由于升级改造可能引起的分析磁铁常数K的变化所带来的影响，利用共振核反应¹²C(p,α₀)⁹B对常数K进行了重新刻度。重新刻度的K为(43.5282±0.0007)eV•Hz^-2，较原始刻度值降低了0.652%，能量分辨为ΔE/E=（1.56±0.25）×10^-4，基本无变化。     

10C次级束的产生

在中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器次级束流线上通过¹H(¹⁰B，¹⁰C)n反应产生了能量为(55.9±0.9)MeV的¹⁰C放射性次级束。经过磁刚度和速度选择，准直后的¹⁰C束流纯度达到90%以上，强度约为6s^-1•pnA^-1。     

Ed=20keV2H(d,γ)4He反应截面测量

对E_d=20keV的氘束入射到D-Ti靶上由²H（d,γ）⁴He反应产生的γ射线及由²H（d,p）³H反应产生的质子进行测量，得到分支比Γγ/Γp为(1.06±0.42)×10^-7及²H（d,γ）⁴He反应截面σ的上限值为(2.9±1.2)×10^-39m²。     

N-甲基甲异羟肟酸的合成及其与Np(Ⅳ)、Pu(Ⅳ)配合物稳定常数的测定

以甲酸乙酯和N-甲基盐酸羟胺为主要原料,在乙醇-水体系中合成N-甲基甲异羟肟酸（NMFHA）,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、质谱分析和核磁共振波谱等方法对其结构进行表征。TTA萃取法测定结果表明,在1.0mol/LHNO₃体系中,Np(Ⅳ)、Pu(Ⅳ)与NMFHA形成稳定的1∶2的配合物,其累积稳定常数分别为：β₁(Np(Ⅳ))＝8.83×10⁹,β₂(Np(Ⅳ))＝1.01×10¹⁹;β₁(Pu(Ⅳ))=7.78×10¹⁰,β₂(Pu(Ⅳ))＝5.80×10¹⁹。     

101Moγ射线发射几率测定

¹⁰¹Mo是裂变燃耗诊断的重要核素之一，它的半衰期短，准确测定¹⁰¹Mo核衰变数据的难度大。本工作采用强度平衡法和全程记录法测量¹⁰¹Mo和¹⁰¹Tc的γ射线发射几率P_γ。¹⁰¹Mo P_γ的强度平衡法测量结果比全程记录法的测定结果高5%，而¹⁰¹TcP_γ的两种方法测定结果在不确定度范围内一致。有关¹⁰¹Mo的γ射线发射几率测量方法及其测定值有待进行进一步研究和测定。      

Effect of parameter setting and spectral normalization approach on study of matrix effect by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of Ag–Zn binary composites

The complex nature of laser-material interaction causes non-stoichiometric ablation of alloy samples.This is attributed to matrix effect, which reduces analyzing capability. To address this issue, the analytical performance of three different normalization methods, namely normalization with background, internal normalization and three point smoothing techniques at different parameter settings is studied for quantification of Ag and Zn by Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).The LIBS spectra of five known concentration of silver zinc binary composites have been investigated at various laser irradiances(LIs). Calibration curves for both Ag(I) line(4d~(10)5s~2S_(1/2)→4d~(10)5p~2P_(1/2) at 338.28 nm) and Zn(I) line(4s5s~3S_1→4s4p~3P_2 at 481.053 nm) have been determined at LI of 5.86?×?10~(10)W cm~(-2). Slopes of these calibration curves provide the valuation of matrix effect in the Ag–Zn composites. With careful sample preparation and normalization after smoothing at optimum parameter setting(OPS), the minimization of sample matrix effect has been successfully achieved. A good linearity has been obtained in Ag and Zn calibration curve at OPS when normalized the whole area of spectrum after smoothing and the obtained coefficients of determination values were R~2?=?0.995 and 0.998 closer to 1. The results of matrix effect have been further verified by analysis of plasma parameters. Both plasma parameters showed no change with varying concentration at OPS. However, at high concentration of Ag, the observed significant changes in both plasma parameters at common parameter setting PS-1 and PS-2 were the gesture of matrix effect. In our case, the better analytical results were obtained at smoothing function with optimized parameter setting that indicates it is more efficient than normalization with background and internal normalization method.     

Micro-PIXE and channeling PIXE analysis of Ag-doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films

Nuclear Microscopy, utilizing a 2 MeV He⁺ beam for channeling Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) and PIXE analysis, was used to characterise Ag-doped YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ thin films and measure the lateral distribution of the Ag. The samples were prepared by in situ two-beam pulsed laser deposition in order to investigate the effects of such dopings on critical current densities [1 and 2]. Films deposited at temperatures above 650°C form needle-like surface structures with a length of up to 100 μm; these tend to align with in-plane a–b axis. Results for a sample prepared at a substrate temperature of 730°C and a maximum Ag concentration of 5 at.% are discussed. The needle-like structures were found to be rich in Ag and Cu, and the YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ film contained 0.02 at.% Ag. Broad beam PIXE-channeling results indicate that 19% of the Ag is substitutional.     

Exploring the cooperation effect of DBD byproducts and Ag/TiO2 catalyst for water treatment in an APPJ system

In this paper,the collective effects of combining heterogeneous Ag/TiO_2 nanocomposite catalyst with the byproducts(primarily the irradiation and the O_3 species) of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet(APPJ) system on the degradation of methyl orange(MO) were explored.The heterostructured Ag/TiO_2 nanocomposite was achieved via decorating the Ag quantum dots(QDs) on the commercially available TiO_2catalyst(P25) through a hydrothermal method.The x-ray diffraction analysis of the nanocomposite catalyst showed the diffraction peaks at 44.3°,64.4°,and 77.5°,corresponding to the Ag planes of(200),(220) and(311),respectively.The high resolution transmission electron microscope characterization of the nanocomposite catalyst indicated that the Ag QDs with an average diameter of 5 nm were homogeneously distributed on the P25 surface.The experimental results on the MO photodegradation showed that the APPJ irradiation had a marginal effect on the cleavage of the MO molecules.When the Ag/TiO_2 nanocomposite catalyst was used,the photodegradation rate of MO increased about 5 times.When both the APPJ byproducts and the Ag/TiO_2 nanocomposite catalyst were used,however,over 90% of the MO in the tested solution was cleaved within 15 min,and the energy efficiency was about 0.6 g/k W h.Moreover,an optimal Ag dosage value was determined(6 wt%).The catalytic results indicated that combining the DBD plasma byproducts with heterogeneous nanocomposite catalysts may be an effect protocol for decreasing the application cost of the DBD system and mitigating the environment pollution by organic dyes in the textile industry.     

Activation cross-section for reactions induced by 14 MeV neutrons on natural silver

Cross-sections for (n, 2n), (n, p), and (n, α) reactions have been measured on silver isotopes at the neutron energies from 13.5 to 14.8 MeV using the activation technique in combination with high-resolution γ-ray spectroscopy. Corrections were made for the literature cross-sections of ¹⁰⁹Ag(n, 2n) ^108mAg reaction with incorrect half-life of product ^108mAg. Neutrons were produced via the ³H(d, n)⁴He reaction using solid TiT. The neutron fluences were determined using the monitor reaction ²⁷Al(n, α)²⁴Na. The neutron energy in this measurement was determined by cross-section ratios for the ⁹⁰Zr(n, 2n) ^89m+gZr and ⁹³Nb(n, 2n)^92mNb reactions. Data are reported for the following reactions: ¹⁰⁹Ag(n, 2n)^108mAg, ¹⁰⁷Ag(n, 2n)^106mAg, ¹⁰⁹Ag(n, p)^109m+gPd, and ¹⁰⁹Ag(n, α)^106mRh. The cross-sections were discussed and compared with experimental data found in the literature, and with the comprehensive evaluation data in ENDF/B-VII, JENDL-3.3, and JEFF-3.1/A libraries.     

Surface morphology of the Ar ion-irradiated Ag/Si(1 1 1) system

In the present study, a 500 Å thin Ag film was deposited by thermal evaporation on 5% HF etched Si(1 1 1) substrate at a chamber pressure of 8×10⁻⁶ mbar. The films were irradiated with 100 keV Ar⁺ ions at room temperature (RT) and at elevated temperatures to a fluence of 1×10¹⁶ cm⁻² at a flux of 5.55×10¹² ions/cm²/s. Surface morphology of the Ar ion-irradiated Ag/Si(1 1 1) system was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A percolation network pattern was observed when the film was irradiated at 200°C and 400°C. The fractal dimension of the percolated pattern was higher in the sample irradiated at 400°C compared to the one irradiated at 200°C. The percolation network is still observed in the film thermally annealed at 600°C with and without prior ion irradiation. The fractal dimension of the percolated pattern in the sample annealed at 600°C was lower than in the sample post-annealed (irradiated and then annealed) at 600°C. All these observations are explained in terms of self-diffusion of Ag atoms on the Si(1 1 1) substrate, inter-diffusion of Ag and Si and phase formations in Ag and Si due to Ar ion irradiation.     

功能化石墨烯吸附模拟反应堆冷却剂中银的研究

设计合成了四氧化三铁/石墨烯/聚乙烯亚胺复合材料（PMRGO）,通过红外光谱、透射电镜、拉曼光谱和XPS等手段表征了PMRGO的化学组成和结构,并研究了该材料在模拟压水堆冷却剂环境下对银离子和银胶体的吸附性能。结果表明,PMRGO在模拟冷却剂条件下对银有良好的吸附性能,对银的吸附在pH=3~8范围内随pH值的升高而增大。随着银初始浓度的增大,PMRGO对银的吸附率逐渐升高。当银初始浓度为5 mg/L时,PMRGO对银离子吸附24 h后基本达到平衡,吸附量可达136 mg/g;对银胶体吸附30 min后基本达到平衡,吸附量可达169 mg/g。吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,吸附动力学可用准二级动力学方程来描述。     

Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)材料的制备及其对铀的吸附性能北大核心CSCD

为设计一种对U(Ⅵ)具有较高吸附容量和较高选择性的吸附材料,采用石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))与磷酸二氢铵作为原料,通过热共聚法制备P-C_(3)N_(4),再利用磷酸氢二钠与硝酸银通过原位共沉淀法制备Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料。吸附实验结果表明,Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料在室温下对U(Ⅵ)的吸附容量达到524.6 mg/g;在溶液中同时存在Na^(+)、K^(+)、Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、Sr^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Ni^(2+)和Co^(2+)等竞争离子时,对U(Ⅵ)的吸附分配系数达到6.13×10^(3)mL/g。XPS分析结果表明,Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料中的含N和含P官能团可能参与U(Ⅵ)吸附过程。因此,Ag_(3)PO_(4)/P-C_(3)N_(4)复合吸附材料是一种对U(Ⅵ)具有较高吸附容量和较高选择性的吸附材料。     

Adsorption of gaseous iodine-131 at high temperatures by silver impregnated alumina

To prevent radioactive iodides from releasing into the environment in an accident of a nuclear power plant,silver-impregnated alumina(Ag/Al2O3)was fabricated,and its performance of radioactive iodine adsorption from high-temperature gas was tested.The silver loadings on alumina were obtained by ICP-OES and the texture properties of Ag/Al2O3were characterized by N2adsorption-desorption.The Ag/Al2O3was of reduced specific surface(107.2 m2/g at 650?C).Crystalline phases of Ag/Al2O3were confirmed through XRD characterization.After calcination at 650?C for 2 h,the crystalline phase of Ag/Al2O3changed.The131I-removal efficiency of Ag/Al2O3was tested at 100,250,350,450 and 650?C,with good decontamination factor values for the radioactive iodine.Silver-impregnated alumina can be applied as adsorbents to remove radioactive iodine at high temperatures in nuclear accident.     

In_(0.95)Ag_(0.045)Ga_(0.005)合金中的电四极相互作用

本文采用时间微分扰动角关联方法,测量了80—422K温度范围内~(111)Cd在In_(0.95)Ag_(0.043)Ga_(0.005)合金中的四极相互作用随温度的变化,进而导出晶格电场梯度的温度变化。在In_(0.95)Ag_(0.043)Ga_(0.005)合金中,晶格电场梯度的温度变化遵从T~(3/2)定律:V_(zz)(T)=V_(zz)(0)(1—BT~(3/2)),斜率B=7.48(47)·10~(-5)K~(-3/2)。在80、298和422K的电场梯度分布宽分别为0.1147(259)、0.0924(340)和1.344(175)。表明在液氮温度和室温时,合金的晶格结构特性较好,温度升高,晶格结构特性变坏。     

Generation of reactive atomic species of positive pulsed corona discharges in wetted atmospheric flows of nitrogen and oxygen

The emission spectra of excited radicals(OH(A~2E),O(3p~3 P),H_α(3P)) and emissive species(N_2~+(B~2∑_u~+),N_2(C_3Π_u)) produced by positive pulsed high-voltage needle-plane corona discharges in atmospheric N_2 and O_2 flows wetted with 10%H_2O at 80 ℃ are used to investigate the relative concentrations of the produced radicals.The results indicate that the tendencies of the concentrations of radicals with discharge conditions are similar to each other due to their similar excitation processes by electron collision.The influence of oxygen flow mixed with the nitrogen flow on the emission intensities of O(3p~5P → 3s~5S_2~.),H_α(3P → 2S),N_2_+(B~2∑_u~+ → X~2∑_g+0-0),and N_2(C~3Π_u → B~3Π_g 1-0) is presented.When the flow rate of oxygen addition is varied from 0-30 ml min~(-1),the emission intensities of O(3p~5P → 3s~5S_2~0.),H_α(3P → 2s),and N_2~+(B~2∑_u~+ →X~2∑_g 0-0) increase and reach a maximum.Then,if the oxygen flow rate increases further,the emission intensities tend to decrease.However,the intensity of N_2(C~3Π_u → B~3Π_g1-0) decreases monotonously with the increasing oxygen flow,which indicates that the electron density decreases with the increasing oxygen flow.By the tendencies of the relative intensities to N_2(C~3Π_u → B~3Π_g 1-0),the concentrations of the total produced O,H,and N_2~+ are shown to increase with the oxygen flow.Based on the reactions for the production of H and O without and with the addition of O_2,the analytic solutions for H and O production are derived in accordance with the experimental results.