辅酶Q10天然维生素E软胶囊的稳定性研究

目的研究以辅酶Q10天然维生素E为主要原料的软胶囊产品的稳定性。方法不同配方的样品,经过加速试验后,用高效液相色谱法和气相色谱方法分别测定辅酶Q10和天然维生素E的含量,并检测辅酶Q10的存在形态。结果辅酶Q10单独使用或者与维生素E(d-α-醋酸生育酚)配伍使用时,辅酶Q10存在形态为氧化型,其含量经加速试验前后无明显差别。辅酶Q10与维生素E(d-α-生育酚)配伍使用时,氧化型和还原型辅酶Q10共同存在,氧化型含量逐渐降低,还原型含量逐渐升高,两者的含量之和在加速试验前后无明显差别,d-α-生育酚的含量略有降低。结论辅酶Q10单独使用或者与维生素E(d-α-醋酸生育酚)配伍使用时,配方稳定。辅酶Q10与维生素E(d-α-生育酚)配伍使用时,辅酶Q10会逐渐转化为还原型辅酶Q10,d-α-生育酚的含量降低。     

MoS2/g-C3N4复合纳米催化剂光催化深度处理造纸废水研究

本研究采用N-甲基吡咯烷酮复合MoS₂与g-C₃N₄,制得MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合纳米催化剂。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、光致发光光谱仪（PL）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合纳米催化剂进行表征,并利用MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合纳米催化剂光催化深度处理造纸废水。结果表明,少量MoS₂与g-C₃N₄复合可提高复合光催化剂的光催化活性,反应时间180 min、pH值5、1.5% MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合纳米催化剂投加量为2 g/L时,对造纸废水的COD_Cr去除率和色度去除率最高,分别达到63.4%和83.2%。MoS₂/g-C₃N₄的光催化活性有所增强是由于MoS₂与g-C₃N₄的能带结构匹配,降低了光生电子-空穴的复合几率,从而提高了催化剂的光催化活性。     

气调贮藏对毛豆采后叶绿素降解的影响

本文研究了5% O₂气调贮藏条件下，不同体积分数CO₂(4% CO₂、8% CO₂、12% CO₂)对毛豆叶绿素降解的影响。结果表明:气调贮藏能够有效延缓毛豆荚的黄化以及叶绿体超微结构分解，保持较好的外观品质；在毛豆贮藏过程中CO₂处理显著抑制了脱植基叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿酸a含量的上升，延缓叶绿素的降解，贮藏第20天时，8% CO₂贮藏组叶绿素a/b含量分别为40.32 μg/g和20.37 μg/g，显著高于对照组；同时CO₂贮藏组显著钝化脱镁螯合酶以及脱镁叶绿素酶的活性，在贮藏末期8% CO₂贮藏组酶活性相比对照组分别降低了19.8%和7.2%。因此，毛豆在5% O₂+8% CO₂气调贮藏条件下效果最佳。     

气象、样品属性等因素与花生油中黄曲霉毒素B1污染水平关联性分析

目的 以2017—2018年广东省市售花生油中黄曲霉毒素B₁（AFB₁）的污染状况为例,分析特定因素对AFB₁污染的影响。方法 采集2017—2018年广东省21个地市637份花生油样品,记录其样品标签属性,并根据GB 5009.22—2016《食品中黄曲霉毒素B族和G族的测定》中的高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法测定样品中AFB₁含量。结合第五代欧洲中期天气预报中心全球气候大气再分析数据库（ERA5）获得的样品产地气象数据计算样品生产前1个月的平均数据,并分析其与AFB₁含量关联性。结果 广东省2017—2018年市售花生油中AFB₁总检出率为65.3%,超标率为24.6%。其中,定型包装花生油样品无超标,而散装花生油样品有较高的超标率,且AFB₁含量中位数显著高于定型包装样品。在多个气候因素中“花生油生产前1个月的平均气温水平”与散装包装样品AFB₁的超标率和含量有较强的关联,其中生产前平均气温超过25 ℃的散装包装样品AFB₁含量中位数约为气温低于22 ℃样品的3.5倍。然而其他气候因素并未展现出与AFB₁含量的相关性。结论 2017—2018年广东地区散装花生油样品AFB₁具有较高的超标率,而花生油生产前1个月平均气温是影响其AFB₁含量的重要因素。建议对广东省散装花生油的生产环境、生产方式进行重点关注并提高花生油质量,以减少居民AFB₁等危险因素的暴露风险。     

正己烷提取-高效液相色谱法及其串联质谱法分别测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素A、D3含量

目的 建立了正己烷提取、液相色谱和液相色谱串联质谱分别测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素A(VA)和维生素D₃(VD₃)含量的方法。方法 样品中加入VD₃-d₃内标后皂化,正己烷提取,去离子水清洗正己烷提取液以去除提取液中的氢氧化钾,加入氯化钠促进水和正己烷两相分层,将洗至中性的正己烷提取液浓缩至干,甲醇定容至10 mL,取1 mL溶液用液相色谱法测定VA,剩余的9 mL定溶液浓缩至干后再用1 mL甲醇复容,液相色谱串联质谱测定VD₃。结果 VA的线性范围为0.2～6.0 μg/mL,方法检出限为30 μg/100g,方法定量限为100 μg/100g;VD₃的线性范围为0.01～0.20 μg/mL,方法检出限为0.5 μg/100g,方法定量限为1.0 μg/100g。通过质控样品验证方法准确度和精密度,测定值均在质控区间内,且批内相对标准偏差和批间相对标准偏差均小于5%。使用该方法成功通过了2020年婴幼儿配方奶粉中VA、VD₃样品能力验证考核。结论 该方法所用提取试剂少,且操作简单快捷,适用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中VA和VD₃的测定。     

合成聚合物改性TiO2及对加填纸主要性能的影响

采用3种合成聚合物(PDADMAC、PVAm和PNVF)分别对TiO₂进行改性,并用球磨机进行机械研磨,将改性后的TiO₂作为填料用于装饰原纸的抄造中,探究了不同改性剂用量下获得的改性TiO₂对加填后装饰原纸主要性能的影响。结果表明：改性剂PDADMAC用量为2.5%进行TiO₂改性时,与未改性TiO₂加填纸相比,改性TiO₂加填纸的抗张指数和填料留着率分别提高了21.0%和9.5%;PVAm用量为2.0%时,改性TiO₂加填纸的抗张指数和填料留着率比未改性TiO₂加填纸分别提高了24.7%和5.5%;PNVF用量为1.5%时,改性TiO₂加填纸强度性能和填料留着情况较优。     

TPA/TiO2-SiO2的制备及在地沟油预酯化工艺中的应用

以钛酸丁酯和硅酸乙酯为原料制备TiO₂-SiO₂,以磷钨酸(TPA)为活性组分,通过浸渍法制备TPA/TiO₂-SiO₂,用于高酸值地沟油中的预酯化研究。TPA/TiO₂-SiO₂表征结果表明,TPA/TiO₂-SiO₂具有较好的热稳定性、内部存在孔结构、具有较大的比表面积。以地沟油的酸值变化率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳工艺条件：TPA负载量为40%,载体焙烧温度为600 ℃,催化剂用量为5 wt%,反应时间为5 h,醇油质量比为0.8:1。在此条件下,FFAs的转化率可以达到98%。     

添加改性纳米SiO2对芳纶纸性能的影响

采用4种不同用量的硅烷偶联剂KH-550对纳米SiO₂表面进行改性,并检测改性后纳米SiO₂粒径的大小;研究了改性后纳米SiO₂的添加量对芳纶纸性能的影响;通过扫描电镜(SEM)观察添加改性纳米SiO₂后芳纶纸的表观形貌,并将纳米SiO₂添加前后纸张抗张强度和介电强度进行了对比。结果表明,随着硅烷偶联剂用量的增加,改性纳米SiO₂的粒径有所减小;当纳米SiO₂与硅烷偶联剂KH-550配比为5 g∶20 mL、改性纳米SiO₂添加量为5%时,芳纶纸的抗张强度提高了66.2%,硅烷偶联剂用量的增加对纸张伸长率有一定影响,其紧度变化不明显;SEM图显示改性纳米SiO₂粒子填充在纸张空隙处利于纸张性能的增强;添加改性纳米SiO₂较未添加纳米SiO₂和添加未改性纳米SiO₂芳纶纸的抗张强度和介电强度均有所提高。     

纳米包覆重质碳酸钙用作造纸填料的研究

在Ca(OH)₂-H₂O-CO₂体系中对重质碳酸钙（GCC）进行表面修饰,达到对其进行纳米包覆改性的目的,借助SEM观察包覆前后颗粒的表面形态,研究了纳米包覆前后500目、800目和1250目GCC加填对纸张性能的影响,结果表明,纳米包覆后GCC的表面性能得到改善;提高了填料留着率;纸张吸收率降低;纸张强度增加;GCC的目数对加填纸张的性能影响不大。     

CO2气调处理对鲜莲贮藏品质的影响

为研究CO₂气调处理对鲜莲采后贮藏品质的影响,以“十里荷一号”鲜莲为试材,在4 ℃、5% O₂条件下,分别采用不同CO₂(4%,8%和12%)贮藏鲜莲20 d,测定其外观及营养品质。结果表明:4% CO₂处理虽可降低莲子的失重率和褐变度,但淀粉消耗较为严重,贮藏20 d后淀粉含量(98.01 mg/g)比对照组(104.99 mg/g)低6.98 mg/g;8% CO₂处理在贮藏结束时褐变度、失重率、还原糖含量分别为1.63,8.54%,0.76%,过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性分别为163.44 U/(min·g)和99.63 U/(min·g),均显著低于对照组和其它气调处理组(P<0.05),而淀粉含量为119.68 mg/g,显著高于其它处理组(P<0.05)。12% CO₂处理使莲子受到高浓度CO₂伤害,贮藏20 d后其a*值(-10.03)高于对照组(-12.68),而b*值(24.95)低于对照组(28.03),褐变程度也比对照组更明显。本研究结果表明,5% O₂ + 8% CO₂为较适宜新鲜莲子贮藏保鲜的气调参数。该处理在减少莲子营养物质消耗和表皮护绿等方面也表现出积极作用,研究结果为研发鲜莲采后保鲜技术提供了参考。     

Improvement of the oral bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 by emulsification with fats and emulsifiers used in the food industry

Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) was emulsified with fats and emulsifiers commonly used in the food industry, and the oral bioavailability of the emulsified product was compared with that of a standard commercial product. Five commonly used fats (olive oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, butter, and cocoa butter), four types of emulsifier (lecithin, monoglycerides, calcium stearoyl-2-lactate (CSL), and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of monoglycerides), and two types of aqueous phase (distilled water with or without 8 g/100 g w/w skim milk) were employed in this study. It was found that CoQ₁₀ was more soluble in coconut and safflower oils than in the other fats. In addition, it was demonstrated that emulsion with coconut oil, skim milk aqueous solution, and CSL produced an optimal formulation. Based on the results, a model emulsified CoQ₁₀ product was prepared. Its oral bioavailability was confirmed to be slightly greater than that of a standard commercial CoQ₁₀ product.     

一株产CoQ10的类球红细菌分离鉴定及诱变选育

辅酶Q_(10)(CoQ_(10))是天然存在的抗氧化剂和细胞代谢激活剂,具有消除自由基、维持细胞膜通透性、提高机体免疫功能等多种生理作用。选育CoQ_(10)高产菌株并通过发酵法实现该功能化合物的高效合成具有重要价值。作者从污水处理厂的淤泥中分离纯化获得了一株CoQ_(10)高产菌株YLL-13,通过形态观察、生化特性分析及16S rDNA序列比对,鉴定为类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides),命名为R. sphaeroides YLL-13。随后,以R. sphaeroides YLL-13为出发菌株,以维生素K3和4-羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid,pHBA)为复合筛选标记,通过亚硝基胍化学诱变,筛选高产突变菌株,并初步研究了其生产CoQ_(10)特性。结果显示,经诱变选育获取了一株遗传稳定的CoQ_(10)高产突变株R.sphaeroides YLL-13-T,其具有相对低类胡萝卜素合成、高生长速率和高CoQ_(10)积累特性。在所考察的发酵体系中,发酵120 h后突变菌株YLL-13-T的生物量、CoQ_(10)产量和CoQ_(10)产率达到83.5、1.04 g/L和12.46 mg/g,比出发菌株分别提高了12.3%、42.5%和23.6%,展现出良好的工业化应用前景。     

Improved assay of coenzyme Q10 from liposomes by Tween 80 solubilisation and UV spectrophotometry

The encapsulated coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) level is an important index in evaluating the quality of CoQ₁₀ liposomes. This study demonstrates a simple method to release encapsulated CoQ₁₀ from liposomal suspension using moderate amounts of the non‐ionic surfactant Tween 80 to form mixed micelles containing phospholipids, Tween 80 and CoQ₁₀. The encapsulated CoQ₁₀ level was detected by means of Tween 80 solubilisation and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, in which 1 mL of the reducing agent NaBH₄ (7 mg mL^?1) was added. The proposed method had a good linear correlation with ethanol solubilisation and reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and with ethanol solubilisation and UV spectrophotometry over a CoQ₁₀ concentration range of 2.5–50 µg mL^?1 (R² > 0.999). The average recovery rate of CoQ₁₀ from blank liposomes was estimated as 99.46 ± 1.54%. The difference in results between the organic solvent extraction method and the Tween 80 solubilisation method was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When the latter method was applied to determine the total and the encapsulated CoQ₁₀ content quantitatively, the relative standard deviation was lower than 5%. Therefore this method has proved to be convenient, sensitive, accurate and reproducible compared with conventional RP‐HPLC analysis and UV spectrophotometry with organic solvent extraction. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Simultaneous production of natural statins and coenzyme Q10 by Monascus pilosus fermentation using different solid substrates

Simultaneous production of mevinolins (natural statins) and ubiquinones (coenzyme Qs; CoQ₉ and CoQ₁₀) were identified and determined in solid substrates fermented (SSF) with Monascus pilosus K-1140. The highest co-production of mevinolins (2.31±0.11 mg/g) and ubiquinones (0.24±0.02 mg/g) was obtained in a mixed grains substrate (rice:sorghum:barley:buckwheat:soybean; 1:1:1:1:1; w/w/w/w/w). The optimal conditions for mixed grains in the SSF were initial moisture content of 50% and initial substrate pH of 6. The total production of CoQs was increased by 32% with the addition of red paprika. Mevinolinic acid (hypocholesterolemic agent) was the main component contributing 81.3 to 91.5% of total mevinolins in the fermented substrates. The results indicate that mixed grain fermented with M. pilosus may be used as a new nutraceuticals with anti-atherosclerotic function without statin-induced CoQ₁₀ deficiency.     

Coenzyme Q10 and Q9 contents in 6 commercial vegetable oils and their average daily intakes in Korea

This study investigated the concentration of coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) and Q₉ (CoQ₉) in 6 commercial vegetable oils commonly consumed in Korea and estimated the average daily intake of CoQ₉ and CoQ₁₀ from oils selected. The analytical method employed saponification before solvent extraction and quantification using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Contents of CoQ₉ and CoQ₁₀ in 6 cooking oils varied from 233.7 to 1.4 and from 84.9 to 1.3 μg/g oil, respectively. Maize germ oil was the richest sources of CoQ₉ (233.7±8.2 μg/g), while CoQ₁₀ was found the highest contents in perilla oil (84.9±7.6 μg/g). However, the major oil source of CoQ intake in the Korean population was soybean oil (63.0%). The estimated daily intake of total CoQ (Q₉+Q₁₀) was 2.92 mg/day/person.     

Coenzyme Q10: From bench to clinic in aging diseases,a translational review

ABSTRACT

Coenzyme Q₁₀ (CoQ₁₀) is a ubiquitous molecule present in all eukaryotic organisms whose principal role in the cell is related to its participation in the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane. CoQ₁₀ plays a major role in the control of cell redox status, and both the amount and functionality of this molecule have been related to the regulation of reactive oxygen species generation. Numerous reports can be found discussing the implications of CoQ₁₀ supplementation in human studies and clinical trials related to aging. However, few reviews have made an updating through the translational point of view to integrate both basic and clinical aspects. The aim of this paper is to review our current knowledge from CoQ₁₀ implications at biochemical and physiological level, in order to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in its application in clinical practice. Although the importance of CoQ₁₀ has been mainly attributed to its role as an agent for energy transduction in mitochondria, new functions for CoQ₁₀ have been described in the recent past years, including anti-inflammatory effects, gene expression regulation and lipid bilayer membranes stabilization, which explain its involvement in aging and age-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, renal failure and neurodegenerative diseases.     

Fe3O4/木质素基纳米碳纤维复合材料的制备及其微波吸收性能探究

本研究以蔗渣乙酸木质素为原料制备了木质素基实心和中空纳米碳纤维(CNFs和HCNFs),然后采用溶剂热法,将经浓硝酸表面氧化处理后的碳纤维和乙酰丙酮铁共混反应合成了Fe_3O_4/实心和中空纳米碳纤维复合材料(Fe_3O_4/CNFs和Fe_3O_4/HCNFs)。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和拉曼光谱仪分析了碳纤维在浓硝酸氧化处理前后的结构变化,通过扫描电子显微镜能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、比表面积孔径分析仪、振动样品磁强计和矢量网络仪分析并对比了Fe_3O_4/CNFs和Fe_3O_4/HCNFs的形貌结构、磁性能和微波吸收性能。结果表明,Fe_3O_4/CNFs和Fe_3O_4/HCNFs的饱和磁化强度分别为12. 7emu/g和16. 5 emu/g,均表现出了典型的超顺磁性。相较于Fe_3O_4/CNFs,Fe_3O_4/HCNFs在厚度仅为1. 5mm下其最小反射损耗达-11. 8 dB,另外随着吸波体厚度在1. 0～2. 5 mm范围变化,小于-10 dB的吸收频带范围为5. 28～14. 75 GHz,表现出了更优异的微波吸收性能。     

Reduction of aflatoxin B1 contamination in wheat by various cooking treatments

To investigate the effects of various cooking treatments such as washing, heating and steaming on the reduction of aflatoxin toxicity, a simultaneous analytical method for aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂ was established using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. The levels of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) spiked in wheat—three varieties of United States (US) wheat and two varieties of Korean wheat—were analyzed according to washing time and heating temperature. Reduction of AFB₁ toxicity was directly proportional to washing time in both Korean and US wheat. The concentration of AFB₁ was reduced more by heating than washing treatment. The level of AFB₁ in dried wheat was decreased to 50% and 90% by heating at 150 and 200 °C, respectively. However, the reduction of AFB₁ in wet wheat in which water (10%) was intentionally added was higher by heating than in dried wheat. The reduction of AFB₁ was increased by 8% and 23% in 10% water-added US wheat (soft red white wheat) and Korean wheat (Anbaekmil) compared to dried US and Korean wheat, respectively, through heat treatment. Traditional processing used in Korean foods such as Sujebi (a soup with wheat flakes) and steamed bread caused 71% and 43% decrease in aflatoxin B₁ content.     

纳米Ag@TiO2、Fe@TiO2和Zn@TiO2的抑菌活性比较研究

探索常见金属离子掺杂对抑菌片的抑菌性能的影响,为新型纳米TiO₂抑菌片的制备与改善提供技术基础。选择固定质量分数的Ag⁺、Zn²⁺和Fe³⁺掺杂TiO₂,通过抑菌圈、MIC与MBC方法综合评价其抑菌性能,对微观结构进行表征分析,探讨抑菌性能差异的原因。结果表明:抑菌性能大小顺序为Ag@TiO₂> Zn@TiO₂> Fe@TiO₂,Zn@TiO2 的抑菌活性较好但抑菌稳定性差Ag@TiO2对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC、MBC均是10、20 mg/L,Zn@TiO₂对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC、MBC均是30、50 mg/L。表征发现抑菌活性强弱主要归因于纳米TiO₂表面与金属离子共同产生的活性位点数量及稳定性,与孔结构或表面宫能团的关联不大。