恩德粉煤气化技术在化肥工程中的应用

介绍了恩德粉煤气化技术在化肥厂改造工程中的应用情况，标定结果表明，恩德气化炉不仅能生产合成氨的原料气，而且具有操作负荷弹性大、操作简单、运行稳定和维修工作量小等特点。     

350万t/a重油催化裂化装置的设计与标定

介绍了国内某新建千万吨级大型炼厂350万t/a重油催化裂化装置设计及开工运行情况.装置采用美国UOP公司的RFCC工艺包,加工加氢裂化尾油、减压蜡油和减压渣油的混合原料.主要介绍了主要技术特点、开工运行及标定情况.     

浅谈预分解窑烧成系统的热工标定

对热工标定数据的分析,能客观评价烧成系统的运行情况.热工标定是一项庞大的系统工程,前期准备工作十分重要.现场测量完成后,将所有标定记录的原始数据进行汇总,并分析评估,得出结论并给出合理化建议,特别是对不足之处的改进方向和具体措施,提供给工厂进行实施.     

大庆1.2Mt/a加氢裂化装置运行及标定

介绍了中国石油大庆石化公司1.2Mt/a加氢裂化装置主要技术特点及催化剂装填情况,通过标定对装置的原料性质、处理能力、操作参数、物料平衡、产品收率,装置能耗及设备运行状况进行考察,并对标定数据进行讨论和分析。标定和运行结果表明,装置运行平稳,高负荷运转时各项指标能满足生产要求;催化剂性能良好,对原料适应性强,加工方案灵活,产品质量优良且分布合理,液体收率、加工损失率都在指标要求范围内。此次标定为装置今后的平稳长周期运行、生产操作优化以及产品质量升级提供依据。     

国产100万t/a催化重整装置运行总结

文章介绍了采用国产化超低压连续重整技术的广州石化100万t/a催化重整装置技术特点及运行情况,存在问题及优化整改措施,标定结果表明,装置运行情况良好,各经济技术指标均达到设计要求。自行开发并具有自主知识产权的超低压连续重整成套技术在广州石化的首次工业应用获得成功,标志着中国重整技术上了一个新台阶。     

SANC-08丙烯腈催化剂的工业应用

介绍了SANC-08丙烯腈催化剂的性能,及其在齐鲁石化公司8万t/年丙烯腈装置工业应用情况。运行及标定结果表明:催化剂在较宽的工艺条件范围,具有丙烯腈收率高、丙烯选择性好、反应温度低且可在低空比下运行等特点。标定期间:丙烯单耗为1019.98kg/t.AN,氨单耗为500.3kg/t.AN,丙烯腈装置精制回收率为96.98%,属国内同类装置领先水平。     

GARDES技术在大庆石化130万吨/年汽油加氢改质装置的工业应用

中国石油天然气集团公司为应对汽油质量升级,首批采用具有自主知识产权的GARDES技术新建7套汽油加氢改质装置,大庆石化为其中规模最大的一套。本文介绍了采用GARDES技术设计建设的大庆石化130万吨/年汽油加氢改质装置的催化剂预处理、装置开工及初期运行情况。2013年10月装置正式开工运行,开工后装置一直平稳运行,11月29日分别在85%、100%负荷两种方案下完成装置初期标定;初期运行及标定结果表明,在85%负荷和全负荷状态下,通过GARDES工艺技术,汽油产品硫含量均能达到30μg/g以下、硫醇硫含量能够控制在10μg/g以下,RON损失为0.2～0.4个单位。GARDES技术可根据实际生产需求灵活调整负荷,催化剂具有优异的加氢脱硫及脱硫醇性能,同时具有较低的RON损失,完全满足催化汽油加氢改质装置生产国IV标准清洁汽油需求,解决了企业汽油质量升级的重大问题。     

水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾后SP余热锅炉的改造

探讨了水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾后余热锅炉的热风条件变化,通过对水泥窑热工标定和余热锅炉热工计算等方式,全面评估余热锅炉的运行工况,并详细分析和计算了SP余热锅炉改造的可行性和收益,为水泥企业节能降耗提供依据,对实际生产具有指导意义。     

脉冲涡流现场应用分析

对脉冲涡流现场检测进行了分析.通过对运行中有包覆层(内有铁磁性夹杂物)的管道、有包覆层(无铁磁性夹杂物)和裸管进行检测对比,并对检测标定部位进行讨论.介绍了脉冲涡流检测的工作原理、检测注意事项、检测结果如何保证精确度等问题.在有铁磁性干扰下脉冲涡流腐蚀扫查存在误差,脉冲涡流具有较高的灵活性,配合超声测厚可达到较高准确性.     

车载射频导纳预警仪的研发与应用

目前大庆油田仍有大量罐车的注水过程,采用人工监控方式,该方式使得罐车注水过程效率低,且不安全的问题。针对这一问题提出利用射频导纳技术测量罐车液位的方法。重点对射频导纳液位计的工作原理、主要特点、注意事项以及标定方法进行了阐述和探讨,并在大庆油田有限责任公司第三采油厂的污水罐车上成功应用。结果表明:该仪表安装简单、测量准确、维护方便且适用范围较广,具有很好的应用前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。