自动铺带技术研究进展

在介绍先进复合材料应用和需求的基础上,阐述了复合材料低成本制造技术的发展趋势;简要介绍了复合材料自动铺带成型技术的发展历程和应用,从数控系统、CAD/CAM/CAE技术和成型工艺三个方面论述自动铺带技术的发展,并着重阐述国外自动铺带技术的研究概况;在介绍国内自动铺带技术发展现状的基础上,提出自动铺带技术的发展建议.     

复合材料自动铺丝工艺参数对应力波传播特征的作用机制

利用应力波特征能够有效识别材料结构中内部缺陷及其分布形式,为了将工艺载荷作为应力波激励源对预成型体内部缺陷进行识别,应首先研究铺丝过程中工艺参数对应力波传播特征的影响,以确定应力传感器的放置位置。本文采用有限元方法构建了铺丝过程热力耦合模型,分析了应力波特征参数与工艺参数之间的关系,并进行了实验验证。为了从微观能量角度解释工艺参数对应力波特征的影响规律,采用分子动力学方法,建立了预浸丝界面的分子模型,并计算出总能量、纤维表面能、基体内能等能量参数,识别和评价了不同工艺参数作用下的应力波驱动能量及其贡献比,以揭示工艺参数对应力波特征的能量作用机制。结果表明,以基体内能作为驱动能量的侧向应力波与工艺参数的关系明显,在不同工艺参数施载下,内部缺陷的形成对该波形的作用易于识别,该结论可作为应力传感器放置位置的参考依据。      

热塑性复合材料纤维铺放工艺的研究进展

热塑性复合材料由于其良好的可焊接性、可循环利用性、抗化学腐蚀性,特别是短时间内就可加工成型等特点,在未来航空航天构件制造领域有着广阔的应用前景.纤维铺放过程中涉及一系列的物理现象,涵盖传热学、热力学、结晶动力学,牛顿流体力学等学科及这些学科的交叉领域.本文以上述学科的相关知识为理论依据,对纤维铺放工艺中的加热工艺,冷却工艺,铺层间强度,纤维铺放压力和残余热应力五方面内容,通过分析其理论模型的建立和求解方法,介绍和讨论了纤维铺放过程中与最终产品质量相关的基体材料结晶度、铺层间紧密接触程度、铺层间熔合度等关键问题及其中涉及的铺放温度、铺放速率、铺放压力等主要工艺参数.同时,本文还总结了国外的研究成     

碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带铺放应力场及制品微观结构的模拟与实验

碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带复合材料在铺放成型时,由于树脂基体与碳纤维之间的热膨胀系数存在差异以及成型时热-力参数作用下由于纤维的变形而导致纤维与基体接触处产生应力集中等原因,在制品材料中会产生热残余应力。针对碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带复合材料的实际结构特点,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立含有界面的碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带复合材料的细观代表性体积单元(Representative volume element, RVE)有限元模型,采用实验研究和有限元仿真分析的方法,研究在温度-压力参数作用下预浸带铺放制品残余应力的分布规律及影响机理。首先,建立预浸带铺放时的温度和压力模型,研究不同温度和压力参数条件下碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带铺放制品残余应力的分布情况。其次,采用耦合降温法模拟碳纤维/环氧树脂预浸带残余应力随纤维体积含量、铺放压力以及铺放温度的变化规律,并采用扫描电镜对不同工艺参数条件下预浸带铺放制品的微观结构进行分析。通过对模拟结果进行分析比较得到各因素对制品残余应力的基本影响规律;最后进行不同温度和压力等铺放参数对预浸带铺放成型时残余应力影响的实验测试研究。      

考虑屈曲的复合材料加筋壁板铺层顺序优化

提出了一种考虑屈曲的复合材料加筋壁板铺层顺序优化方法。基于复合材料加筋壁板屈曲载荷求解的能量法,系统推导了轴压载荷作用下复合材料加筋壁板蒙皮、筋条局部屈曲载荷的显示表达式,考虑了加筋壁板各板元之间的弹性支持作用及筋条下缘条的影响,引入工程法求解了加筋壁板整体屈曲载荷。基于国产自主结构分析软件HAJIF中的复合材料铺层工程数据库,以铺层参数为中间变量,利用本文提出的复合材料加筋壁板屈曲载荷求解方法,构建了考虑屈曲的复合材料加筋壁板铺层顺序优化设计流程并完成程序实现,将最小二乘法用于最优铺层顺序与工程铺层数据库的匹配。相比于传统有限元计算方法,本文提出的复合材料加筋壁板屈曲载荷求解方法具备较好的求解精度及求解效率。复合材料加筋壁板优化算例表明,采用本文提出的加筋壁板屈曲载荷分析及其优化方法,在结构重量不变的前提下,屈曲载荷提高约17%,且铺层顺序优化结果可直接从铺层工程数据库中提取并用于工程实际。      

自动铺丝过程中预浸料的侧向弯曲

根据自动铺丝过程中预浸料的受力特点,建立预浸料的侧向弯曲变形模型。利用最小势能原理、瑞利-利兹法以及相关的复合材料力学理论,推导出预浸料侧向屈曲半径公式。研究自动铺丝温度、压力、速度、黏附力等主要工艺参数对侧向弯曲性能的影响,并用自动铺丝机铺放不同半径的预浸料圆弧进行验证。结果表明:随着温度增大、压力和速度减小,预浸料的侧向弯曲性能提高;增加预浸料黏附力可显著提高其侧向弯曲性能,符合理论分析结果。     

铺层角度对碳纤维/形状记忆环氧树脂层合板形状回复性能的影响

对不同铺层角度的碳纤维/环氧树脂形状记忆复合材料(SMC)层合板的弯曲回复性能进行了研究。结果表明,[±θ]_s铺层方式的SMC层合板的形状回复率、回复力均随着铺层角度增大而减小,回复时间随着铺层角度增大而增大,其中铺层角度增大至45°后,回复时间开始出现大幅的增加,铺层角度增大至60°后,回复率开始出现大幅的降低。对SMC层合板进行了15次的赋形-回复循环过程,发现不同铺层角度SMC层合板均能保持较稳定的形状记忆回复率和回复时间。但在铺层角度0~30°的范围内,层合板的形状回复力随着铺层角度增大而减小。最后分析了不同铺层角度SMC层合板的局部损伤,结果表明,[0]_4和[±15]_s铺层方式的SMC层合板基体已达到了其极限剪切应变,基体发生严重破坏,并且会随着赋形次数的增加而加剧。     

基于冲击损伤的复合材料气瓶铺层顺序优化设计

基于瞬态动力学理论和遗传优化算法,以提高抗冲击损伤能力为优化目标对复合材料气瓶的铺层顺序进行优化.遗传算法利用MATLAB软件实现,复合材料气瓶冲击损伤分析采用ANSYS进行,通过两个软件之间的信息传递,实现优化计算.以铝内胆复合材料气瓶为算例进行优化,结果表明,在同一冲击能量下,优化后的气瓶基体破裂面积和基体破裂层数...     

复合材料层压板振动参数的铺层顺序优化研究

本文针对目前在复合材料结构设计中较少考虑的振动特性优化问题,采用减缩区间法与枚举法相结合的手段,对给定层数和角度的层压板进行了铺层顺序的优化研究,使其满足振动频率和模态阻尼的要求。通过对20层对称层板的计算可以看出,采用本文所述方法,不仅可节省大量计算时间,而且所得的频率和比阻尼容量值与实验结果具有良好的一致性,证明了该方法的可靠性。本文的研究可作为工程设计中一种有效的手段,所完成的软件具有一定的工程应用价值。      

自动铺放过程双马树脂预浸料温度与黏度

通过对自动铺放成型工艺的分析,探索了自动铺带成型过程中预浸料温度对复合材料黏性的影响规律。对影响预浸料温度的热风温度和铺放速度两个因素进行了研究,从理论上建立了热风加热温度和铺放速度与预浸料温度之间的关系,提出了控制预浸料温度的具体实施方案,指导自动铺带成型过程。根据双马树脂预浸料黏度和温度曲线,分别在不同的热风温度和铺放速度条件下进行实验,得到在热风温度为90℃、铺放速度为10~20m/min时,预浸料黏度满足铺覆性要求,验证了预浸料热风温度和铺放速度对复合材料制品质量的影响,为自动铺带工艺提供参考。     

A combined optical-thermal model for near-infrared laser heating of thermoplastic composites in an automated tape placement process

A combined optical-thermal model is presented for near-infrared laser heating of carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites in an automated tape placement process. For the first time a three dimensional ray tracing model is presented for a near-infrared laser tape placement process which captures the unique anisotropic scattering behaviour of the composite. Predicted irradiance distributions on the composite are subsequently applied to a 2D non-linear finite element thermal model. It is shown that a shadow is present in the process and causes a significant drop in temperature prior to the consolidation zone. The effect of various source and surface model simplifications was also studied. The modelled temperature profiles agree well with experimental data. Substrate fibre orientation was investigated and found to have only a small influence on the temperature history.     

Investigation of sub-melt temperature bonding of carbon-fibre/PEEK in an automated laser tape placement process

Automated placement of thermoplastic-based composite tape is a highly non-isothermal process with temperature gradients often exceeding 1000 °C/s. Models for the process often assume that bonding ceases below the melting point, however the extreme cooling rates combined with high placement velocities can result in a highly amorphous polymer during consolidation. Bonding below the melting point is generally limited due to the presence of crystallites which impede reptation of the polymer molecules, however in the case of an amorphous state, autohesion should proceed. This paper investigates bonding of carbon-fibre(CF)/PEEK with experimental trials performed where sub-melting point temperatures occur at the nip point. The thermal history was recorded with thermocouples embedded in the substrate. Bond predictions are compared with experimental strengths determined by lap shear measurements. Bonding below the melting point was shown to occur, indicating the processing window could be wider than previously estimated by bonding models, particularly for higher placement rates.     

铺层取向误差对CFRP可折叠管件半片变形影响的数值分析与试验研究

以单层厚度为0.04mm的碳纤维/树脂(T300/5228,CFRP)超薄单向预浸料,采用真空袋-固化炉成型方法制备了一系列不同铺层复合材料"Ω"型可折叠管件半片,并采用ANSYS软件进行了有限元分析,通过实验和数值模拟方法研究了铺层方式及取向误差对变形的影响,制备的四种铺层方式制件实验测量其变形趋势与相应模拟分析结果一致,得到了铺层取向误差对变形影响较小的铺层方式。研究发现:±45°铺层比0°铺层的铺层取向误差对变形影响更大,增加90°铺层可以在一定程度上控制因铺层取向误差导致的可折叠管件半片的变形。研究结果表明通过铺层设计可以在一定程度上实现对CFRP可折叠管件半片变形的控制。     

An inverse model for optimisation of laser heat flux distributions in an automated laser tape placement process for carbon-fibre/PEEK

High power diode lasers have enabled higher placement rates to be achieved in automated tape placement (ATP) of thermoplastic-based composite materials. Laser ATP heads in published literature employ homogeneous linear or rectangular laser spots, however a variety of solutions are available to produce customised irradiance profiles. No efforts to date have investigated what a more ideal heat flux profile would be for laser ATP in terms of length and distribution. This paper describes a method to determine the required laser heat flux profiles to achieve desired heating zone temperature profiles by means of an inverse thermal model. A bonding model was implemented to assess the performance of various heating zone temperature profiles for placement at 400 mm/s. Short beam strengths from experimental trials (Stokes-Griffin and Compston, 2015) were used to validate the bonding model. A two-stepped heating profile was found to provide a good balance of increased strength with a small increase in power requirement.     

微粒群算法在自动控制系统设计中的应用

提出了将微粒群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法与控制系统设计相结合的系统设计思路和方法。系统设计过程包括两个部分：首先基于历史输入输出数据,用微粒群算法建立系统的模型,然后基于得到的模型进行控制器的设计,并用微粒群算法进行控制器的参数优化整定。仿真试验结果表明,微粒群算法在控制系统设计的模型建立、控制器参数优化等方面发挥了重要的作用,简化了控制系统设计任务,提高了设计效率。     

Low-energy electron beam cured tape placement for out-of-autoclave fabrication of advanced polymer composites

The autoclave curing process for advanced polymer composites is labor and capital intensive, with the curing cost increasing dramatically by the growth in part size. In order to develop an out-of-autoclave (OOA) fabrication process for advanced polymer composites, a new process integrating automated tape placement with low-energy electron beam radiation curing was explored, by which in situ layer-wise curing of advanced composites can be achieved with the tape placement process. The irradiation process was optimized to get a homogenous curing, by tuning the electron beam dose-depth distribution in the prepreg material. Besides, the curing characteristics of the prepreg material by the low-energy electron beam irradiation was investigated and effect of exposure dose and post curing on curing degree, glass transition temperature (Tg) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) were characterized experimentally.