PVA及玄武岩纤维对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

在水泥基复合材料中掺入适量纤维可显著改善其物理力学性能,但有机-无机混杂纤维对水泥材料性能的影响目前研究不多。进行了单掺PVA纤维、单掺玄武岩纤维以及复掺两种纤维的水泥基复合材料力学性能实验。结果表明,单掺1.6%(体积分数)的短PVA纤维时,水泥基复合材料的抗折强度降低7%、抗压强度提升31%、折压比降低24%;单掺0.3%(体积分数)的短玄武岩纤维时,水泥基复合材料的抗折强度降低8%、抗压强度提升15.7%、折压比降低20%;掺0.3%(体积分数)短玄武岩纤维和0.5%(体积分数)短PVA纤维时,水泥基复合材料的抗折强度几乎无影响,抗压强度显著提升,折压比相对减少,其综合性能最优。     

短切玄武岩纤维混凝土力学性能试验与分析

为了研究短切玄武岩纤维掺量变化对混凝土基本力学性能的影响,对6种不同体积掺量的短切玄武岩纤维混凝土(BFRC)分别进行立方体抗压、轴心抗压、劈裂抗拉、抗折试验;基于试验结果,通过BP(Back Propagation)神经网路强度预测模型的构建,对附加纤维掺量的混凝土进行强度训练及预测。试验实测数据表明:掺入短切玄武岩纤维对混凝土早期抗压强度的发展有着延缓作用;当纤维掺量为0.1%时,抗压强度达到峰值。随着纤维掺量的增加,劈拉强度增幅较大,抗折强度保持上升趋势。通过BP神经网络的训练及发展趋势预测,结果表明:当纤维体积掺量为0.1%时,抗压强度达到最大值;劈拉强度与抗折强度则随着纤维掺量的增加而持续增大。基于试验数据及预测结果,得出短切玄武岩纤维的最佳体积掺量。     

SHCC的配制与拉伸性能研究

采用聚乙烯醇纤维(PVA)纤维作为增强材料,选定不同的粉煤灰掺量、石英砂级配、纤维掺量和养护工艺配制应变硬化水泥基复合材料(SHCC),研究上述因素对SHCC力学性能的影响。研究表明,随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,SHCC极限拉伸强度有少许削弱,但极限拉伸应变不断增加,均高于3%。随着养护龄期增加,SHCC极限拉伸应变呈现先增加后减小的趋势,但拉伸强度随龄期增加而增大。自然养护有利于维持SHCC的高极限拉伸应变;蒸汽养护能提高SHCC早期的极限拉伸强度,但蒸汽养护使SHCC的极限拉伸应变随着龄期增加而明显降低。当m(FA)/m(C)=1.6,2.0和2.4,Vf=2.0%时,采用较细的石英砂和自然养护,28d龄期的SHCC极限拉伸强度在4 MPa以上,极限拉伸应变在3%以上。     

苎麻纤维水泥基材料的力学性能与自收缩试验研究

通过在水泥基材料中掺入苎麻纤维,并对比掺入钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维,研究苎麻纤维对水泥基材料抗压强度、抗折强度、自收缩及电阻率的影响。结果表明,当苎麻纤维掺量分别为0.4%,0.9%时,水泥基材料7 d自收缩降低13.4%,30.8%,28 d抗压强度分别提高2.2%和8.2%,抗折强度则提高9.6%,13.4%;钢纤维与聚丙烯纤维显著提高了水泥基材料7与28 d的抗压和抗折强度,而苎麻纤维更有利于水泥基材料早期自收缩的降低;随着苎麻纤维掺量的增加,水泥基材料的7 d自收缩与3 d电阻率显著减小,二者呈线性相关。     

BFRC中玄武岩纤维的分散性与胶砂流动性

通过机械力及材料间的摩擦并不能使玄武岩纤维有效分散于水泥砂浆基体中。选用羧甲基纤维素(CMC)作为分散剂,采用超声波振荡,当胶砂流动度大于170mm时,实现了玄武岩纤维在水泥基体中的均匀分散。CMC分散剂有助于纤维分散,其水溶液质量分数宜保持在1.56%～1.77%间,温度宜控制在40～44℃。随着纤维含量的增加,玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料(BFRC)的胶砂流动性逐渐降低,粉煤灰掺量达20%以上时,BFRC的胶砂流动性显著提高,掺量不超过25%时,BFRC的28d抗折、抗压强度均有所提高。     

有机纤维与聚合物复掺改性水泥砂浆力学性能研究

要 在固定水灰比为0.35条件下,分别研究了聚酯纤维、聚合物丁苯乳液单掺与复掺时对水泥混凝土抗压抗折强度、折压比的影响.结果表明:单掺聚酯纤维在一定掺量下可以不同程度地提高水泥砂浆的抗压抗折强度,折压比随着聚酯纤维含量的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势;单掺聚合物乳液降低了水泥砂浆的抗压强度,而折压比则随聚合物乳液掺量增加呈现逐步变大的趋势;聚酯纤维与聚合物乳液复掺时,聚合物乳液的掺入使聚酯纤维混凝土的抗压强度出现小幅降低,增强了其抗折强度,提高了其折压比,当纤维体积掺量为0.1％、聚灰比为15％时,聚酯纤维聚合物水泥混凝土的柔性最大;纤维-聚合物复掺能够使其性能得到进一步改善,效果优于两者的单掺效果.并通过扫描电镜探讨了聚酯纤维与聚合物乳液在水泥砂浆中的作用机理,表明两者复掺有效填充了水泥基材料内部的宏观与微观缺陷,提高了界面过渡区的密实程度.     

玄武岩/聚丙烯纤维水泥砂浆的力学性能与抗裂性

研究了玄武岩纤维、聚丙烯纤维单独和混杂掺加对水泥砂浆工作性、力学性能和抗裂性的影响.结果表明,在掺率为0.075%～0.20%(体积分数)的范围内,单独掺加玄武岩纤维和聚丙烯纤维均可以不同程度地提高水泥砂浆的抗折强度和早期抗压强度,而对28d抗压强度均有不利影响;在体积掺率相同的情况下,掺加玄武岩纤维的砂浆比掺加聚丙烯纤维的砂浆具有更好的力学性能;玄武岩纤维与聚丙烯纤维以适当比例混杂掺加时,可以得到较掺加单一种类纤维更好的效果;混杂纤维可以有效地改善水泥砂浆的韧性,提高水泥砂浆的抗裂性能.     

改性水稻秸秆对水泥基材料性能影响研究

为了减少农作物纤维废弃造成的污染,研究了利用植物纤维制备建筑材料的工艺,首先采用碱煮法对植物纤维进行改性,然后将其分别与聚丙烯纤维按照不同的比例加入到水泥净浆中进行比较,结果表明:植物纤维在水泥净浆中的分散比加入聚丙烯纤维均匀,经过改性后的秸秆纤维对水泥凝结硬化时间无明显影响,随掺量增加,水泥净浆的抗折强度呈先增后减趋势,且在掺量为4.5%时最高,与未掺纤维的参照组相比抗折强度提高了11%,抗压强度降低了近24%。并将其掺入砂浆中,砂浆抗干缩性能得到改善,植物纤维掺量为6.0%时砂浆干燥收缩值比基准组下降了37%,在本研究掺量条件下,与加入聚丙烯纤维相比,加入秸秆纤维对水泥净浆的抗折强度和抗压强度影响较小,原因在于其分散性更好。     

纤维增强活性粉末混凝土高温力学性能的实验研究

研究了钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维和PVA纤维的不同掺量以及纤维复掺在90℃、200℃和400℃高温养护时活性粉末混凝土的力学性能和微观结构.结果表明,200℃高温养护,单掺钢纤维时,RPC的抗折强度与90℃的相近,但抗压强度提高,迭210.2MPa;单掺聚丙烯纤雏时,由于其高温熔解,形成三维网络结构,与RPC融为一体,抗压强度显著提高,当掺量为1.5%(体积分数)时,强度达242.6MPa.纤维复掺时抗折强度与钢纤维相近,但抗压强度有所提高,200℃养护时达265 MPa.400℃养护时,随水胶比降低,强度进一步增大,当水胶比为0.12时,抗压强度达333.4MPa.     

冲击荷载作用下改良水泥-粉煤灰试样力学特性研究

为探究石膏和石灰改良水泥-粉煤灰在冲击动载下的力学特性,采用了分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对不同养护龄期和不同配合比下的改良水泥-粉煤灰试样进行冲击试验。研究了相同冲击荷载作用下试样的破坏特征和动态力学特性,并重点分析了动态抗压强度(DCS)与养护龄期和石膏、石灰掺量之间的关系。试验结果表明:随着试样龄期的增加,石膏改良水泥-粉煤灰的脆性逐渐增强,而石灰改良水泥-粉煤灰的试样总体偏延性;随着固化剂掺量的增加,石膏改良试样强度呈现出先增长后降低的趋势,掺量为6%时,DCS达到峰值,早期石灰改良试样强度表现为先上升后降低,而后期呈现出持续上升的趋势并在掺量为12%时,90 d DCS达到最大值14.36 MPa。     

硫酸盐环境下混凝土裂缝矿物自愈合性能研究

研究了30%粉煤灰混凝土在4种预加载损伤程度下,于清水和5.0%硫酸盐环境中的裂缝矿物自愈合性能,并对其自愈合产物进行了微观测试。采用相对动弹模量和抗压强度的相对变化来表征裂缝自愈合程度,探讨了5.0%硫酸盐溶液、30%粉煤灰、4种预加载程度和4个自愈合养护龄期对混凝土裂缝矿物自愈合的影响。试验结果表明,5.0%硫酸盐在设计的自愈合养护龄期内可以促进预加载损伤混凝土相对动弹模量和抗压强度的恢复;无论清水还是硫酸盐养护溶液,只有预加载程度较大时,30%粉煤灰对混凝土相对动弹模量和相对抗压强度的恢复才有显著的促进作用;5.0%硫酸盐溶液养护环境中,混凝土自愈合后的相对动弹模量和相对抗压强度的恢复能力都随着预加载程度的增大而逐渐降低,在28d自愈合养护龄期结束后,其混凝土相对动弹模量趋于稳定;微观测试分析结果表明,5.0%硫酸盐环境中的混凝土裂缝矿物自愈合产物成分主要是碳酸钙和少量钙矾石。     

Effects of super plasticizer and curing conditions on properties of concrete with and without fiber

In this study, effects of super plasticizer (SP) and curing conditions on properties of concrete with and without fiber were investigated. In the concrete mixtures, Portland cement, artificial aggregate, SP and steel fibers were used. SP in concrete mixtures was used with ratios of 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by weight of cement and so C25 concrete was produced with and without fiber. Specimens were cured under two different curing conditions being continuous moist curing and open-air curing. Produced concrete with and without fiber were compared with each other as well as with Portland cement concrete. The highest compressive and flexural strength were obtained with 1.0% and 1.5% SP fiber reinforced concrete, respectively.     

Utilization of sweet sorghum fiber to reinforce fly ash-based geopolymer

Geopolymer has been of great research interest as a material for sustainable development. As ordinary Portland cement, however, geopolymer exhibits brittle behavior with low tensile strength, ductility, and fracture toughness. This paper investigates the reinforcement of fly ash-based geopolymer with alkali-pretreated sweet sorghum fiber. The sweet sorghum fiber comes from the bagasse (residue), a waste after the juice is extracted from sweet sorghum stalks for ethanol production. Specifically, the unit weight of fly ash-based geopolymer specimens containing different contents of sweet sorghum fibers was measured. Unconfined compression, splitting tensile, and flexural tests were conducted to investigate the effect of incorporated sweet sorghum fiber on the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer. Scanning electron microscopy imaging was also performed to study the microstructure of the sweet sorghum fiber–geopolymer composite. The results indicate that the unit weight of the sweet sorghum fiber–geopolymer composite decreases with higher fiber content. Although the inclusion of sweet sorghum fiber slightly decreases the unconfined compressive strength, the splitting tensile, and flexural strengths as well as the post-peak toughness increase with the fiber content up to 2 % and then start to decrease. The splitting tensile tests also clearly show the transition from the brittle failure of the plain geopolymer specimen to the “ductile” failure of the geopolymer specimen containing sweet sorghum fiber.     

Surface modified microcrystalline cellulose from cotton as a potential mineral admixture in cement mortar composite

The objective of the work is to examine the performance of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) modified microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fiber, derived from cotton, as a mineral admixture that could be compatible in cement mortar composites. The effectiveness of surface modification of MCC is characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR, TGA and SEM techniques. The present silane based surface modifier (TEOS) minimizes the water uptake and acts as a pozzolan, that could result in additional calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) linkages. This is reflected by the enhancement in the mechanical properties of the cement mortar composite. A dramatic two fold enhancement of flexural strength and almost 45% increase of compressive strength are observed in the case of TEOS-MCC when compared with the cement mortar composites without any mineral admixture there by validating the method chosen. The enhancement of compressive and flexural strength could be due to proper dispersion of smaller size MCC fibers within the pores of the cement mortar composite. When an optimized amount of chemical admixture (polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizer) is used along with TEOS- MCC a greater enhancement in flexural strength and compressive strength is observed with good workability, at a lower water/cement ratio.     

环境湿度对玻璃纤维增强水泥力学性能的影响

通过开展在不同龄期、不同环境湿度下玻璃纤维增强水泥(GRC)试件的抗折强度、抗压强度试验和基体pH值测定,研究了环境湿度对掺加粉煤灰和硅灰等活性矿物掺合料的GRC试件力学性能的影响。结果表明:环境湿度对GRC试件的抗折强度有重要影响,相对湿度越大,随着龄期增加, GRC试件抗折强度降低越严重;在温度60℃、相对湿度95%条件下,经过56 d龄期后,掺有40%粉煤灰和10%硅灰的GRC试件抗折强度比未掺加粉煤灰和硅灰的GRC试件的抗折强度提高48.5%、抗压强度提高23.6%, GRC基体pH值降低6%。在相同的湿度条件下,掺有粉煤灰和硅灰试件的pH值在各个龄期都低于普通硅酸盐水泥试件,说明粉煤灰和硅灰的掺入能降低水泥水化液相的碱度,进而延缓了纤维受侵蚀的速度,显著改善了GRC试件的力学及耐久性能。通过对试验结果进行分析,利用MATLAB软件建立了GRC试件抗折强度和抗压强度与水泥砂浆基体pH值及时间的关系式。      

Flexural behavior of geopolymer composites reinforced with steel and polypropylene macro fibers

Like ordinary Portland cement concrete, the matrix brittleness in geopolymer composites can be reduced by introducing appropriate fiber reinforcement. Several studies on fiber reinforced geopolymer composites are available, however there is still a gap to understand and optimize their performance. This paper presents the flexural behavior of fly ash-based geopolymer composites reinforced with different types of macro steel and polypropylene fibers with higher aspect ratio. Three types (length-deformed, end-deformed and straight) of steel fibers and another type of length-deformed polypropylene fiber with optimum fiber volume fraction of 0.5% are studied. The effects of different geometries of the fibers, curing regimes (ambient cured and heat cured at 60 °C for 24 h) and concentration of NaOH activator (10 M and 12 M) on the first peak strength, modulus of rupture and toughness of the geopolymer composites are investigated. The quantitative effect of fiber geometry on geopolymer composite performance was also analyzed through a fiber deformation ratio. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural toughness are significantly improved with macro fibers reinforcement and heat curing. The results also show that heat curing increases the first peak load of all fiber-reinforced geopolymers composites. End-deformed steel fibers exhibit the most ductile flexural response compared to other steel fibers in both heat and ambient-cured fiber reinforced geopolymer composites.     

PEK-C膜层间增韧碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能

为探究热塑性酚酞基聚醚酮（Polyaryletherketone with Cardo,PEK-C）树脂薄膜及膜厚对层间增韧碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响,利用浸渍提拉法制备了三种不同厚度（分别约为1 μm、10 μm、30 μm）的PEK-C膜,通过热压成型制备了层间增韧碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料层合板,对其进行了Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性、冲击后压缩强度、层间剪切及弯曲性能测试,并利用SEM观察微观形貌及AFM扫描微观相图。结果表明:不同PEK-C膜厚增韧碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性、冲击后压缩强度及层间剪切强度有不同程度提高,Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性及层间剪切强度以膜厚为10 μm最佳,分别增大了157.17%和17.57%,冲击后压缩强度以膜厚为30 μm最佳,达到了186.67 MPa,这是由于PEK-C与环氧树脂在热压固化过程中形成了双相结构,改善了材料韧性;但弯曲性能持续下降,强度及模量由未增韧的1 551 MPa、106 GPa分别降至30 μm时的965 MPa、79 GPa,这是由于PEK-C树脂扩散进入环氧树脂中,降低了纤维体积分数及材料刚度。      

钢-聚丙烯纤维增强人造花岗岩复合材料的制备与性能

为深入研究钢-聚丙烯纤维增强人造花岗岩复合材料（钢-聚丙烯纤维/人造花岗岩）抗压、抗弯强度的影响因素,通过排水法实验研究了骨料堆积的空隙率,确定了骨料级配和实验指数q并对大量试件进行了抗压、抗弯强度测试,分析了钢-聚丙烯纤维/人造花岗岩复合材料各组分质量分数、骨料堆积空隙率等因素对钢-聚丙烯纤维/人造花岗岩复合材料抗压、抗弯强度的影响。实验结果表明:钢纤维与聚丙烯纤维能够明显增大钢-聚丙烯纤维/人造花岗岩复合材料的抗弯强度,随着钢-聚丙烯纤维质量分数的增加,钢-聚丙烯纤维/人造花岗岩复合材料试件的抗压和抗弯强度都逐渐增大;当钢纤维与聚丙烯纤维质量比为30∶1、钢-聚丙烯纤维质量分数为1.7wt%时,钢-聚丙烯纤维/人造花岗岩复合材料试件的抗压强度达到最大,当钢-聚丙烯纤维质量分数为1.9wt%时,钢-聚丙烯纤维/人造花岗岩试件的抗弯强度达到最大;黏结剂质量分数越接近骨料堆积空隙率,钢-聚丙烯纤维/人造花岗岩复合材料试件的抗压和抗弯强度越大,当骨料质量分数为80wt%、黏结剂质量分数为11wt%时,钢-聚丙烯纤维/人造花岗岩复合材料试件的抗压、抗弯强度同时达到最大。      

Carbon fibre-cement adhesion in carbon fibre reinforced cement composites

The addition of small amounts of short carbon fibres to cement causes a great increase in the composite material toughness and tensile, flexural, and impact strength. In order to understand how cement properties are improved by carbon fibres and to understand the level of adhesion and interfacial failure mode which are necessary to obtain optimum carbon fibre reinforced cement (CFRC) properties, various admixtures were included in cement and CFRC. Their effects on the carbon fibre-cement adhesion and the composite material properties were determined using fibre pull-out and composite material flexural tests. The addition of latex to CFRC, and hot water curing of CFRC dramatically increase fibre-matrix adhesion. Both latex (with an anti-foam agent) and hot water curing increase flexural strength by 40% over adhesion changes the failure mode from fibre pull-out to fibre rupture. Optimum strength and toughness of CFRC result from an intermediate level of fibre-matrix adhesion.     

类生理环境下可降解纤维/磷酸钙复合骨水泥的性能与结构变化

采用生理盐水浸泡与肌肉埋植的方法分别研究了可降解纤维/磷酸钙复合骨水泥的体外力学性能、体内降解性能以及相组成、微结构随浸泡（或植入）时间的变化规律。浸泡结果表明:浸泡初期,纤维的加入一定程度上降低了复合骨水泥的抗压强度,但大大改善了其断裂韧性,而且抗弯强度略有增加;浸泡后期,复合骨水泥的抗压强度、抗弯强度、断裂功均明显下降。体内降解结果表明,随着植入时间延长,含纤维复合骨水泥的降解速率及其增加幅度均高于未掺纤维骨水泥。类生理环境下含纤维复合骨水泥力学性能、降解性能的变化与纤维的降解、材料微观结构的变化密切相关。