CaWO_4-Li_2WO_4陶瓷低温烧结特性及微波性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了(1-x)CaWO4-xLi2WO4(0≤x≤0.14)微波陶瓷,研究了Li2WO4作为第二相对CaWO4微波陶瓷的低温烧结特性和微波性能的影响。结果表明,Li2WO4相的存在能明显降低CaWO4的烧结温度,并且随着x的增加,(1-x)CaWO4-xLi2WO4(0≤x≤0.14)陶瓷体系的最佳烧结温度降低。当x=0.1,在900℃下烧结2h,该陶瓷材料的介电常数εr=9.002,品质因数与频率之积Q×f=11.76×104 GHz,谐振频率温度系数τf=-55×10-6/℃。在此基础上采用w(CaTiO3)=5.0%调节其谐振频率温度系数到0,调节后的微波介电性能为εr=10.312,Q×f=5.36×104 GHz,τf约为0     

微波介质陶瓷介电机理研究进展

总结了近年来微波介质陶瓷领域结构特性对介电性能的影响机理的研究状况。主要介绍了影响介电常数、品质因数和谐振频率温度系数的本质因素。对未来微波介质陶瓷材料的设计具有一定指导作用,并在最后指出了未来介电机理的研究方向。     

低温烧结(1–x)Ba_3(VO_4)_(2-x)Li_2WO_4微波介质陶瓷的研究

为了获得低温烧结的陶瓷材料,用固相反应制备了(1–x)Ba3(VO4)2-x Li2WO4(0.05≤x≤0.20)微波介质陶瓷。实验结果表明:随着添加剂Li2WO4的增加,复合陶瓷的相对体密度、相对介电常数εr和品质因数Q·f都呈现出先增加随后又降低的趋势,而谐振频率温度系数τf呈线性降低。添加了摩尔分数0.15Li2WO4的微波介质陶瓷在850℃烧结2 h达到约96.8%的致密度,并获得最佳的微波介电性能:εr=13.7,Q·f=97000 GHz,τf=1.8×10–6/℃。     

MoO3掺杂对BiNbO4陶瓷微波介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法,研究了MoO3掺杂对BiNbO4陶瓷微结构、烧结特性和微波介电性能的影响。对相对介电常数εr和品质因数Q随烧结温度的变化以及谐振频率温度系数随MoO3掺杂量的变化也进行了研究。MoO3的掺杂量x低于0.05时,实现了BiNbO4陶瓷在970℃以下的低温烧结,并且相转变温度也降低了约60℃。通过对εr以及介质损耗随温度的变化特性的研究,证实了缺陷偶极子对材料介电性能的影响。     

中温制备钛酸钕钙-钛酸钕锂系高介微波陶瓷

将温度系数相反的钛酸钕钙(CNT)和钛酸钕锂(LNT)进行复合,中温下(1200℃)烧结获得了εr>100的CNT-LNT微波介质陶瓷。该陶瓷为斜方结构的CaTiO3基固溶体单相。介电常数随x增加先增加后减小,在x=0.5处最大。Q.f值和谐振频率温度系数随LNT含量增加而线性下降。中温下制备了性能良好的CNT-LNT系微波介质陶瓷,如x=0.6时微波性能为:εr=123.9,Q.f=1500GHz,τf=12.0×10–6℃–1。     

B_b微波介质陶瓷材料的研制

通过对Ba(Zn_(1/3)Nb)_(2/3)O_3-Ba(Zn(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3系统微波介质陶瓷材料的配方研究和工艺条件实验,研制出的B_b微波介质陶瓷,具有适中的介电常数,较高的无载Q值和接近0ppm/℃的谐振频率温度系数,是一种性能优良的新型微波介质陶瓷材料。     

掺杂和气氛烧结对BiNbO4材料性能的影响

研究了掺杂Nd和在不同气氛中烧结对BiNbO4材料烧结特性及微波介电性能的影响。结果表明,掺杂Nd虽然会提高BiNbO4材料的介电常数εr,但会降低材料的微波介电性能。在O2和N2中烧结可获得烧结致密和较高εr的材料,但微波介电性能显著下降。在空气中,870℃烧结的Bi0.99Nd0.01NbO4材料有最佳的性能,即烧结密度ρ=6.947g/cm3,εr=42.84,Q×f=18 162(Q为品质因数,f为频率),谐振频率温度系数τf=3.18×10-6/℃。     

ZrO2掺杂对Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3陶瓷介电性能的影响

采用固相反应烧结法制备了ZrO2掺杂的Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3微波介质陶瓷,研究了陶瓷的烧结特性和介电性能。结果表明,ZrO2掺杂能有效降低Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3陶瓷的烧结温度,改善陶瓷的微波介电性能。当x(ZrO2)=4%时,Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3陶瓷致密化烧结温度由纯相时的1 600℃降至1 300℃,同时陶瓷材料的微波介电性能达到最佳值,即介电常数εr=34.79,品质因数与频率的乘积Q×f=148 000(8GHz),谐振频率温度系数τf=0.3×10-6/℃。     

钛酸钙、钛镁酸镧及钛锌酸镧系微波介质陶瓷材料研究

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备的钛酸钙、钛镁酸镧体系（CT+LMT）在微波介质陶瓷滤波器的制造中存在相对介电常数εr及品质因数Qf不够理想的问题，为得到具有更优εr值和Qf值的微波陶瓷材料，同时取代高介含铅微波陶瓷材料，研究了在CT+LMT系材料的基础上，通过掺入钛锌酸镧（LZT）改性，形成CT+LMT+LZT新材料体系，同时改进工艺获得了更高的相对介电常数和品质因数。结果表明：(1–y)CaTiO3+yLa(Zn(1–x)/2Mgx/2Ti1/2)O3系材料，当0.20≤x≤0.60，0.40≤y≤0.70时能获得相对介电常数εr≥55，品质因数Qf ≥40 000，频率温度系数τf≤±100×10–6℃–1的微波介质陶瓷材料。     

便携式无线通信中的陶瓷技术

重点讨论了现代无线通信中关键元器件之一滤波器的发展进程,中、高频及微波滤波器的主要类型及性能特点。低损耗、高介电常数陶瓷在RF和IF滤波器中的应用,能够实现无线设备的微型化。对制备滤波器的介质陶瓷材料的要求是:在所使用的波段内,相对介电常数r要大,可缩小介质元件的尺寸;品质因数Q要高,可获得良好的滤波特性及通讯质量;谐振频率的温度系数f接近于零或可调节,以达到整机电子回路的要求。     

Dielectric spectroscopy of fresh fruit and vegetable tissues from 10 to 1800 MHz.

Dielectric spectroscopy data from measurements on tissue samples of nine fresh fruits and vegetables were used to study their dielectric behavior over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz at 5 to 65 degrees C. Dielectric constant and loss-factor data are presented graphically for apple, avocado, banana, cantaloupe, carrot, cucumber, grape, orange, and potato, showing dielectric constants ranging from values of several hundred at 10 MHz to less than 100 at 1.8 GHz and loss factors on the order of one thousand at 10 MHz to less than 20 at 1.8 GHz. The dielectric loss factor increased consistently with increasing temperature at frequencies below 1 GHz. The dielectric constant increased with temperature at lower frequencies, but it decreased with temperature at the higher frequencies. This reversal of the sign of the temperature coefficient occurred at some point in the frequency range between 20 and 120 MHz where the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant was zero. At frequencies below this point, ionic conduction dominates the dielectric behavior, but above that point dipolar relaxation appears to control the behavior. Multiple linear regression provided equations for calculation of the loss factor in the frequency range from 10 to 300 MHz at temperatures from 5 to 65 degrees C. The data provide new information useful in understanding dielectric heating behavior and evaluating dielectric properties of such agricultural products for quality sensing applications.     

BiVO4掺杂对CLST介质陶瓷介电性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了BiVO4掺杂的CaO-Li2O-Sm2O3-TiO2(CLST)介质陶瓷,用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及电感-电容-电阻测试仪等对其烧结特性、相结构及介电性能进行了系统研究.结果表明,BiVO4掺杂能显著降低CLST陶瓷的烧结温度,由1 300 ℃降至1 200 ℃.BiVO4掺杂量为1%,烧结温度为1 200 ℃时,CLST陶瓷具有较好的综合介电性能:εr＝88,tan δ＝0.018,τ f =-30×10-6/℃.     

电子封装微晶玻璃基板的介电性能

研究了堇青石基微晶玻璃介电性能随测试温度和测试频率变化的温度特性和频率特性。结果说明，未添加和添加氧化铋的微晶玻璃的极化机理表现为离子极化，而添加稀土氧化铈的微晶玻璃的极化机理表现为空间电荷极化。介电性能的温度特性说明，添加稀土氧化铈的微晶玻璃样品介电损耗随温度的增加而增加，其他样品的介电损耗随测试温度基本不变，并基于德拜(Debye)弛豫方程作了分析。所有样品的介电常数随温度的增加基本不变。介电性能的频率特性说明极化弛豫普适定律适用于堇青石基微晶玻璃。     

Dielectric property measurements of materials using the cavitytechnique

A cavity technique based on frequency shift was used to measure dielectric properties (dielectric constant and loss factor) of some particulate materials as a function of temperature. The materials studied were alumina, cobalt/alumina, dolomite, and sand. The properties were measured at various points between room temperature and 600°C in the frequency range of 925-995 MHz. The dielectric constant and loss factor of all samples, except the cobalt/alumina catalyst sample, were approximately constant with temperature. The dielectric constant and loss factor of the cobalt/alumina sample exhibited a noticeable increase with temperature     

Dielectric properties of honeydew melons and correlation with quality.

Dielectric properties of three honeydew melon cultivars, grown and harvested to provide a range of maturities, were measured with an open-ended coaxial-line probe and impedance analyzer over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz. Probe measurements were made on the external surface of the melons and also on tissue samples from the edible internal tissue. Moisture content and soluble solids content (SSC) were measured for internal tissue samples, and SSC (sweetness) was used as the quality factor for correlation with the dielectric properties. Individual dielectric constant and loss factor correlations with SSC were low, but a high correlation was obtained between the SSC and permittivity from a complex-plane plot of dielectric constant and loss factor, each divided by SSC, for both the external surface and internal tissue measurements. However, SSC prediction from the dielectric properties by these relationships was not as high as expected. Permittivity data (dielectric constant and loss factor) for the melons are presented graphically to show their relationships with frequency for external surface and internal tissue measurements. A dielectric relaxation for the external surface measurements, which is attributable to bound water and Maxwell-Wagner relaxations, is also illustrated. Coefficients of determination for complex-plane plots, moisture content and SSC relationship, and penetration depth are also shown graphically. Further studies are needed for determining the practicality of sensing melon quality from the dielectric properties.     

MgO-TiO_2-CaO系统介电性能的研究

首先研究了不同组成的MgO-TiO2-CaO(MTC)系统的介电性能。偏钛酸镁(MgTiO3)具有正温度系数。钛酸钙具有较大的负温度系数,用它来调整钛酸镁系统的温度系数以使其趋近于零。同时向系统中加入玻璃,玻璃在烧结中形成液相,加速MTC系统的烧结并改善其介电性能。获得了一种性能良好的零温度系数陶瓷材料。     

X波段介质振荡器的设计

研究了一种具有较宽机械调频范围和较低相位噪声的x波段介质振荡器设计方法.利用介质谐振器法对三种型号的介质谐振器(DR)材料进行了精确的测试,得到了其介电常数εr和损耗角正切值tanδ以及DR的谐振频率.利用仿真软件建立微带线与谐振器耦合模型,通过仿真提取其S2P文件.选用GaAs FET ATF26884作为电路中的放大器件,使用生成的S2P文件建立介质振荡器(DRO)电路模型,调整耦合段和输出匹配微带线的长度,得到较低的相位噪声.测试证明输出信号的相位噪声在偏离中心频率100 kHz处小于-100 dBc/Hz.     

电流变液颗粒相介电常数测量研究

根据粉体颗粒与连续电介质均匀混合的介电常数混合原理和电桥电容法测介电常数的方法,提出消除空气粉末法和油液混合法测量电流变液中粉体颗粒的介电常数。消除空气粉末法扣除了通常压片法中空气空隙的影响,更能反映粉体性能。对TiO2粉、淀粉和SiO2粉等进行实测,获得了较好的测量精度。对稀土掺杂TiO2粉进行测量发现适当稀土掺杂量可以有效提高介电常数,从而获得最佳的电流变性能效果。