ZnSiO_3-Mg(OH)_2复合阻燃剂在PVC中的应用研究

以ZnSiO3和Mg(OH)2按照1∶9的配料比复配成复合阻燃剂,添加到软PVC(聚氯乙烯)树脂中,进行了一系列的力学性能和燃烧性能的测试。结果表明,复合阻燃剂的添加对PVC的物理力学性能影响很少,阻燃性能优异,达到国家规定的难燃材料的标准。此复合阻燃剂低毒,由于复合使用,降低了生产成本。     

改性氢氧化镁阻燃剂在阻燃PVC中的应用研究

介绍了Mg(OH)2作为阻燃剂的阻燃机理,分析了改性Mg(OH)2对PVC糊体粘度及PVC/MH复合材料物理力学性能的影响.试验证明,改性Mg(OH)2对PVC糊有明显的降粘作用,与PVC树脂的混溶性大大改善,使PVC/ Mg(OH)2复合材料具有优异的物理力学性能和阻燃性能,具有广阔的开发应用前景.     

复合阻燃体系阻燃电缆料的研究

通过氧指数、水平燃烧、力学性能、扫描电镜等方法的分析，研究了由超微细氢氧化镁[Mg(OH)]和Br-Sb卤素阻燃剂组成的复合阻燃体系的用量对HDPE阻燃性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明．Mg(OH)2和BrSb卤素阻燃剂最佳配比为4：1(质量比)时．综合效果较佳；通过与Mg(OH)2阻燃剂的对比试验．发现复合阻燃剂能保持复合材料较好的力学性能,而且显著提高了阻燃性能：熔体流动速率(MFR)的测定表明当复合阻燃剂的添加量为10份时，仍能满足加工工艺的要求。     

LLDPE/EPDM复合材料高效阻燃体系的研究

以线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(乙烯／丙烯／二烯)共聚物(EPDM)为基体,以经表面处理的氢氧化镁[Mg(OH)2]为主阻燃剂,微胶囊化红磷和自制阻燃剂S为核心的复合阻燃剂为阻燃增效剂,制备了阻燃性能优良的LLDPE／EPDM复合材料。重点探讨了Mg(OH)2与复合阻燃剂的阻燃效果及其对LLDPE／EPDM复合材料力学性能、加工性能的影响。结果表明,Mg(OH)2与复合阻燃剂并用具有良好的协同效应,当MS(OH)2用量为40份、复合阻燃剂用量为5-7份时,可获得较高的氧指数和垂直燃烧FV-0级的高阻燃性,且材料的加工性能和力学性能较好。     

PE-LLD／EVA／Mg（OH）2／复合阻燃剂高效无卤阻燃体系的研究

采用线形低密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物作为复合材料主体,表面处理过的氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2)为主阻燃剂,以微胶囊化红磷和自制硅类阻燃剂为核心的复合阻燃剂为阻燃增效剂,重点探讨了Mg(OH)2和复合阻燃剂的阻燃效果。结果表明,Mg(OH)2与复合阻燃剂并用具有良好的协同效应,当Mg(OH)2用量40份,复合阻燃剂5～7份时,可获得较高的氧指数,垂直燃烧试验通过FV0级,且材料抗静电能力提高,力学性能、加工性能较好。     

聚氯乙烯阻燃性能试验

单独使用氧氧化铝或氢氧化镁作为阻燃剂,不但加入量大,而且阻燃效果不理想,且对软质PVC的力学性能有较大的影响,加入ZB,Sb_2O_3,TBP,氯化石蜡(M-50)及钼酸铵后所组成的各个复合阻燃体系有着良好的阻燃效果。由于加入Sb_2O_3或TBP后分别形成卤-锑协效,卤-磷协效,此两体系均有较好的阻燃效果。此外金属氯氧化物-ZB-Sb_2O_3复合阻燃体系由于存在协同效应所以也有较好的阻燃效果及力学性能。实验得出PVC 100份,DOP 60份,Mg(OH)_2 24份,Sb_2O_3 3份,氯化石蜡(M~50)2份,钼酸铵1份时,阻燃效果最好。PVC为100份,DOP为40份,AL(OH)_3为30份,ZB为10份时,阻燃效果最好。     

无机阻燃剂对PVC/木粉复合材料性能的影响

分别采用A1(OH)3、ZB以及Sb2O3等无机阻燃剂对PVC/木粉复合材料改性,研究不同的阻燃剂配方及阻燃剂含量对PVC/木粉复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着A1(OH)3,ZB以及Sb2O3添加量的增加,PVC/木粉复合材料的氧指数(LOI)呈逐渐增大的趋势。Sb2O3阻燃效率最高,当添加量为9份时,氧指数达到35.2%;无机阻燃剂的加入普遍降低了PVC/木粉复合材料的冲击韧性,但对拉伸强度起到了一定的增强作用。     

复合型改性无机阻燃剂在PVC中的应用

文章介绍了阻燃剂的阻燃作用及其分类,并综述了各种常用阻燃剂的阻燃机理。研究了稀土改性氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)2)、氢氧化铝(Al(OH)3)、三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)、硼酸锌(2ZnO·3B2O3·3.5H2O(ZB))、改性红磷为主的复合阻燃体系对糊状PVC阻燃性能的影响。通过氧指数测定仪对样品的氧指数测定,根据单因素分析寻找出复合无机阻燃剂的最佳配方。     

氢氧化镁粒径及偶联剂对PP/Mg(OH)_2复合材料性能的影响

选择两种不同粒径的氢氧化镁[Mg(OH)2]和红磷作为聚丙烯(PP)的阻燃剂;研究了Mg(OH)2粒径、铝酸酯偶联剂以及红磷对PP力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:小粒径阻燃剂比大粒径阻燃剂提高复合材料的阻燃性和力学性能更明显;Mg(OH)2经表面处理后使复合材料的力学性能略有提高;红磷的阻燃效果优于Mg(OH)2。     

缩合型RTV阻燃有机硅粘接剂的研究

考察了无机阻燃剂Al(OH)3、十溴联苯醚(DBDE)/Sb2O3复合阻燃剂和磷系FR-710阻燃剂对缩合型RTV有机硅粘接剂力学性能及燃烧性的影响。结果表明,当Al(OH)3用量为80份时,有机硅粘接剂的剪切强度和拉伸强度分别达到最大值1.67MPa和2.41MPa,而DBDE/Sb2O3复合阻燃剂和磷系FR-710阻燃剂的加入,使得试样的拉伸强度和剪切强度明显降低。在Al(OH)3用量为80份的基础上,复合阻燃剂和FR-710用量分别为15份、12份时,RTV阻燃有机硅粘接剂的燃烧时间接近2s。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。