青藏高原自然发酵牦牛酸奶中乳酸菌的抗氧化能力的研究

将采自西藏及川西青藏高原的10份自然发酵牦牛酸奶样品中分离纯化得到15株乳酸菌作为研究对象,通过H2O2的耐受实验、清除超氧自由基（O-2·）实验、螯合Fe2+实验、抗脂质过氧化实验和DPPH自由基清除实验进行抗氧化活性的研究。研究结果表明:这15株乳酸菌的抗氧化能力存在较大差异;其中La3、La10和La11这三株乳酸菌的抗氧化活性远高于其他菌株,有进一步研究的价值。      

酸奶中嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌检测方法的研究

根据嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌对不同碳水化合物的选择性利用，设计了适合上述4种乳酸菌的选择性计数培养基，并对其效果进行了验证。结果表明，利用MRS培养基、麦芽糖-MRS培养基和山梨醇-MRS培养基(两种培养基共同使用)能满足选择性计数的要求。以所设计的选择性培养基，研究了含有4种乳酸菌的酸奶中不同乳酸菌在产品货架期内活菌数的变化规律。     

Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 improved upper respiratory tract infections via enhancing immune and inflammatory parameters: A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 isolated from bovine milk against upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory properties. The DR7 strain (9 log cfu/d) was administered for 12 wk in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled human study involving 109 adults (DR7, n = 56; placebo, n = 53). Subjects were assessed for health conditions monthly via questionnaires, and blood samples were evaluated for cytokine concentrations, peroxidation and oxidative stress, and gene expression in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The administration of DR7 reduced the duration of nasal symptoms (mean difference 5.09 d; 95% CI: 0.42–9.75) and the frequency of URTI (mean difference 0.32; 95% CI: 0.01–0.63) after 12 and 4 wk, respectively, compared with the placebo. The DR7 treatment suppressed plasma proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α) in middle-aged adults (30 to 60 yr old), while enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) in young adults (<30 yr old), accompanied by reduced plasma peroxidation and oxidative stress levels compared with the placebo. Young adults who received DR7 showed higher expression of plasma CD44 and CD117 by 4.50- and 2.22-fold, respectively, compared with the placebo. Meanwhile, middle-aged adults showed lower expression of plasma CD4 and CD8 by 11.26- and 1.80-fold, respectively, compared with the placebo, indicating less T-cell activation. In contrast, both young and middle-aged adults who received DR7 showed enhanced presence of nonresting and mature NK cells compared with those who received the placebo. We postulate that DR7 alleviated the symptoms of URTI by improving inflammatory parameters and enhancing immunomodulatory properties.     

植物乳杆菌HLX37降胆固醇活性研究

HLX37是从福建南平地区农户自然发酵的酸乳中分离得到的一株植物乳杆菌,本文对该菌株的耐酸耐胆盐能力和体内外降胆固醇活性进行研究。结果表明,HLX37菌株在p H为3.0和胆盐浓度为3.0 g/L环境下培养4 h的存活率分别为59.1%±4.8%和48.2%±4.9%,且对添加胆盐的MRS+CHOL培养基中胆固醇具有良好的降解能力（24 h和48 h降解率分别达37.33%±2.55%和44.72%±2.74%）;连续灌胃HLX37发酵酸奶65 d可显著降低高胆固醇血症大鼠血清总胆固醇含量（p<0.05）,而将该酸奶灭活后,其降胆固醇效果显著下降（p<0.05）,说明HLX37活菌能够降低高胆固醇血症大鼠血清胆固醇水平。综上,HLX37菌株在体内外均显示出良好的降胆固醇活性,具有较大潜力应用于功能性发酵食品的生产中。      

Flour and anthocyanin extracts of jaboticaba skins used as a natural dye in yogurt

This study used the flour and anthocyanin extracts from jaboticaba skins as a dye in yogurt. Jaboticaba skins were lyophilised and ground. Yogurt that was made in the conventional fashion was treated with the addition of flour from jaboticaba skins in the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% or with the anthocyanin extract in the concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%, with and without tannic acid; the yogurt samples were stored for 45 days. In general, the results of the acceptance test of the yogurt samples ranged between like slightly and like moderately. The highest scores received by the anthocyanin extract (like slightly) were obtained for the concentrations of 0.5–1.5%. The colour retention for all yogurt samples was above 70%. The average half‐life was greater than 2500 h, considered high. We conclude that the use of jaboticaba skins as additives to yogurt can be an alternative to add value to jaboticaba.     

Sulfonation of Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04 exopolysaccharide amplifies its antioxidant activities in vitro and in a Caco-2 cell model

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04 and its sulfated EPS were systematically investigated for their antioxidant activities and effects on protecting the oxidative damage of Caco-2 cells from H₂O₂. Exopolysaccharide was successfully sulfonated from purified EPS as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and the degree of sulfonation was 0.30. Both EPS and sulfated EPS showed antioxidant activities in vitro determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging tests, and those activities of sulfated EPS were significantly enhanced at 1,000 μg/mL. Cell viabilities of Caco-2 in the range of 1 to 100 μg/mL of EPS and sulfated EPS showed no significant difference. In H₂O₂-damaged Caco-2 cells models, EPS and sulfated EPS significantly inhibited the enhancement of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, and sulfated EPS enhanced the effects by 40.86% and 61.11% when compared with the purified EPS at the same concentration of 100 μg/mL, respectively. For the activities of antioxidant-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and expression of genes (SOD2, GPX2, MT1M) on Caco-2 cells, strong protection abilities against the oxidative stress were displayed from both EPS and sulfated EPS, and sulfated EPS exhibited significant enhancement as compared with either EPS or control groups. In summary, sulfonation is an effective strategy for improving the antioxidant activities of EPS from L. plantarum WLPL04 in vitro and on Caco-2 cells.     

单一干酪乳杆菌KL1发酵益生菌酸奶工艺条件的研究

应用单因素实验及正交实验,确定单一干酪乳杆菌KL1发酵酸奶的最佳原料乳,并对其益生菌酸奶发酵工艺条件进行优化。筛选得到的最佳原料乳为M₂,同时通过添加M₆改善酸奶的色泽与组织状态;采用三因素三水平L₉（3⁴）正交实验优化酸奶的发酵工艺条件,接种量是影响KL1发酵酸奶品质的最主要因素,确定干酪乳杆菌KL1发酵酸奶的优化条件如下:接种量为6.0%,M₆添加量1.0%,葡萄糖添加量1.5%,37℃下发酵酸奶22 h,优化后的益生菌酸奶的活菌数量较对照组高10倍。      

Effect of drying conditions on the retention of phenolic compounds,anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) added to yogurt

To evaluate the use of lixiviate roselle calyxes as an alternative source of bioactive compounds, they were subjected to dehydration in a vibrofluidised bed dryer after which some chemical parameters such as the retention of monomeric anthocyanins (MA), phenolic compounds, polymeric colour and antioxidant activity were determined. Drying curves showed both a constant drying period and a decreasing falling rate period. The different drying conditions showed significant differences in the chemical parameters. Using the dry residue with the best bioactive compounds content, it was possible to develop a dairy beverage (yogurt). The results confirmed that lixiviated roselle calyxes could be a competitive alternative for traditional products, such as grapes or bilberries, in terms on their antioxidant activity and stability when it is added as a source of bioactive compounds.     

Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum HY01 on the quality characteristics and storage stability of yak yogurt

Lactobacillus fermentum HY01 is a probiotic strain screened from traditional yak yogurt, which can effectively relieve enteritis and constipation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HY01 as an adjunct starter on the quality and storage of yak yogurt. A total of 36 main volatile flavor substances were detected in all samples. In particular, more aldehydes, esters, and alcohols were detected in yak yogurt prepared by mixed fermentation of L. fermentum HY01 and starter MY105 (including Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus). The rheological results showed that the yak yogurt prepared by mixed fermentation of L. fermentum HY01 and starter MY105 had higher apparent viscosity and lower tan δ value compared with compared with traditional yak yogurt, yak yogurt with only L. fermentum HY01, and cow yogurt with L. fermentum HY01 and starter MY105. Meanwhile, the conjugated linoleic acid in the yak yogurt prepared by mixed fermentation of L. fermentum HY01 and starter was significantly higher than those in the HY01 group or the yogurt starter group alone. After 28 d of storage at 4°C, the number of HY01 in the yak yogurt prepared by mixed fermentation of L. fermentum HY01 and starter was still higher than 10⁷ cfu/mL, its acidity was lower than 110°T, and its syneresis was the lowest. The results indicated that L. fermentum HY01 could improve the flavor, texture, and storage properties of yak yogurt.     

Characterization and antioxidant activity of an acidic exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus plantarum JLAU103

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Quantum bead-based fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay for ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized milk,yogurt, and milk powder

Herein, we reported a novel direct competitive fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (dcFLISA) for the ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) in pasteurized milk, yogurt, and milk powder using 150-nm quantum dot beads (QB) as the carrier of competing antigen. Large QB were applied to decrease the binding affinity of the competing antigen to antibody and enhance the fluorescent signal intensity. The aflatoxin B₁ molecule was used as the surrogate of AFM₁ to label with BSA on the surface of QB because of its 63% cross reaction to anti-AFM₁ mAb. The binding affinity of the competing antigen to mAb was tuned by changing the labeled molar ratios of aflatoxin B₁ to BSA. Through combining the advantages of QB as the carrier of the competing antigen, including low binding affinity to mAb and highly fluorescent signal output, the proposed dcFLISA exhibited an ultrahigh sensitivity for AFM₁ detection, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 3.15 pg/mL in 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.4), which is substantially lower than that of the traditional horseradish peroxidase-based ELISA. The proposed method also exhibited very low detection limitations of 0.5, 0.6, and 0.72 pg/mL for real pasteurized milk, yogurt, and milk powder, respectively. These values are considerably below the maximum permissible level of the European Commission standard for AFM₁ in dairy products. In summary, the proposed dcFLISA offers a novel strategy with an ultrahigh sensitivity for the routine monitoring of AFM₁ in various dairy products.     

Microbial development during tempeh fermentation from various beans and effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on the natural microflora

The microbial development during the fermentation of tempeh made of unacidified and acidified horsebean, pea, chickpea and soybean was studied. Increase in microbial count was observed during the fermentation of the various beans. Bacillus spp. and coryneform bacteria dominated the microflora of unacidified, and streptococci of acidified horsebean tempeh. In pea tempeh, lactobacilli dominated, in chickpea, micrococci, staphylococci and coryneform bacteria and in soybean tempeh, enterococci were the dominant genera. Inoculation of the cooked beans with Lactobacillus plantarum resulted in a lower pH and lower total counts in the various products. The use of Lb. plantarum in tempeh production may control the proliferation of undesirable microorganisms.     

Comparison of the effects of single probiotic strains Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Probio-M8 and their combination on volatile and nonvolatile metabolomic profiles of yogurt

There has been a growing interest in cofermentation of starter cultures with probiotics in milk. In this study, we analyzed the effects of adding the single probiotics Lactobacillus casei Zhang (Zhang) or Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Probio-M8 (M8) or a combination of Zhang and M8 to starter cultures on volatile and nonvolatile metabolomic profiles after 14 d of storage at 4°C and compared using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and GC-MS-based metabolomics approach. Principal component analysis, heatmap plots, and Spearman correlation results showed that Zhang alone had a greater effect on volatile and nonvolatile metabolomic profiles than M8 alone. The combination of Zhang and M8 had additive effects on the production of metabolites. For volatile metabolites, the levels of acetaldehyde, diacetyl, acetoin, and acetic acid were higher for the combination of Zhang and M8 compared with either single probiotic culture. Significantly increased nonvolatile components induced by adding Zhang were identified were enriched in the galactose, amino- and nucleotide sugar, fructose and mannose, purine, phenylalanine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis pathways. The metabolism and biosynthesis of starch, sucrose, tyrosine, galactose metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were significantly upregulated by adding the combination of Zhang and M8. This work provides a detailed insight into different effects of Zhang and M8 used alone or in combination on the volatile and nonvolatile metabolomic profiles of yogurts.     

植物乳杆菌胞外多糖的脱色及其体外抑瘤效应

研究大孔吸附树脂对植物乳杆菌胞外多糖的脱色工艺,并采用Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)法检测植物乳杆菌胞外多糖EPS及单一组分EPS-1、EPS-2对大肠癌细胞株HT-29的体外抑瘤效应。结果表明,选择S-8树脂,树脂用量为4g/100mL,调节胞外多糖溶液的pH值为6,在25℃条件下,糖液质量浓度为2mg/mL,静态吸附4h后脱色率为72.58%,糖保留率为69.15%。植物乳杆菌胞外多糖EPS、EPS-1和EPS-2对大肠癌细胞HT-29的体外增殖均具有显著的抑制作用(P＜0.01),且呈现出良好的量效关系。     

Synbiotic yogurt containing konjac mannan oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB12 alleviates constipation in mice by modulating the stem cell factor (SCF)/c-Kit pathway and gut microbiota

Synbiotic dietary supplements, as an effective means of regulating the gut microbiota, may have a beneficial effect on constipation. This study evaluated the effects of synbiotic yogurt containing konjac mannan oligosaccharides (KMOS) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB12 (BB12) on constipated Kunming mice (the model group). Following administration of yogurt containing 2.0% KMOS and BB12 (YBK2.0), black fecal weight and number and gastrointestinal transit rate increased by 97.5, 106.3, and 55.7%, respectively, compared with the model group. Serum levels of excitability neurotransmitters (motilin, substance P, and acetylcholine) in the YBK2.0 group were increased by 139.7, 120.4, and 91.8%, respectively, and serum levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters (vasoactive intestinal peptide, nitric oxide, and acetylcholine) were decreased. Moreover, synbiotic yogurt supplementation significantly downregulated the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VIPR1) and upregulated the expression of serotonin receptor 4 (5-HT4) in the colon, and enhanced the expression of the stem cell factor (SCF)/c-Kit pathway. Additionally, YBK2.0 treatment significantly regulated the community composition and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of gut microbiota, which were positively correlated with physiological parameters of constipation. Thus, supplementation with synbiotic yogurt composed of KMOS and BB12 could facilitate fecal excretion by regulating related pathways and the gut microbiota. These findings demonstrated that the synbiotic yogurt can be considered a functional food for alleviating constipation.     

植物乳杆菌胞外多糖对小鼠树突状细胞分泌的调控

采用细胞因子诱导法,以加入重组小鼠粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rmGM-CSF)、重组小鼠白细胞介素-4(rmIL-4)及10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640为完全培养基培养树突状细胞(DCs)。实验组加入植物乳杆菌胞外多糖,脂多糖LPS和RPMI1640分别作为阳性和空白对照。采用Griess法和双抗体夹心ELISA检测DCs分泌NO,促炎症因子IL-12p70,抗炎症因子IL-10和趋化因子RANTES的浓度。结果表明:植物乳杆菌胞外多糖刺激DCs后,DCs分泌NO、IL-12p70、IL-10和RANTES的浓度分别是空白组的110%、194%、76%和133%,且呈剂量依赖关系。植物乳杆菌胞外多糖能促进小鼠骨髓来源的DCs分泌能力。     

天然复方促进剂对α-淀粉酶活力和稳定性的影响

经试验测定a-淀粉酶的最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH值为6.0,在此基础上对天然复方促进剂 (本课题组研制)的使用浓度展开研究,确定了其最适添加浓度为1.62×10-8g/mL,并较系统地考察和探讨了天然复方促进剂对a-淀粉酶活力和稳定性的影响。     

植物乳杆菌发酵对猕猴桃抗氧化物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响

该文研究了植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）发酵对猕猴桃果浆理化指标、抗氧化物质（总酚酸、总黄酮、维生素C）含量和抗氧化能力的影响,分析抗氧化物质与抗氧化能力之间的相关性,并采用液质联用（LC-MS）仪对其酚酸和黄酮的组成进行测定。结果表明,与发酵前相比,猕猴桃果浆中植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum）活菌数、总酸含量升高,pH值下降;发酵后猕猴桃果浆对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基和2,2'-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二胺盐（ABTS）自由基的清除能力分别提高了60.82%、26.72%;总酚酸和总黄酮的含量分别提高了62.89%、68.97%;DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力与总酚酸、总黄酮的含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）;植物乳杆菌发酵后的猕猴桃果浆中新生成了2,6-二羟基香豆素、芥子酸和原儿茶酸,咖啡酸则未检出。