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1.
With a high penetration of intermittent energy sources in Europe, the relevance of the balancing mechanisms increases, as these sources may require additional balancing actions and increase network congestions. Germany has experienced a significant penetration of intermittent energy sources and network congestions. This paper analyses the functioning of the German balancing mechanisms, with a special focus on the interplay between imbalance pricing and network congestions. We demonstrate the existence of adverse price signals caused by a flawed design of imbalance pricing in relation to network congestions. This paper proposes alternatives options for imbalance pricing that can improve price signals even in the situation of network congestion. 相似文献
2.
Given the limitations of data and resources available for market monitoring in electricity markets where regional transmission organizations (RTO) do not exist, we argue that econometric models of power prices could provide a useful screening tool for market monitoring. To explore its feasibility, we developed several econometric models of power prices at two major trading hubs in the West: Palo Verde and Mid-Columbia. We show that our models explain a large portion of the variation in power prices in Palo Verde and can establish a benchmark that can be used to identify outlier prices that are potentially the result of anti-competitive behavior. 相似文献
3.
英格兰东南部区域是英国经济和社会发展最快的地区,也是整个英国最具有重要发展前景的区域。这个区域的繁荣和发展具有其独特的优势,例如与世界大城市伦敦毗邻,位于欧洲最富裕的"蓝香蕉"区位内,是英国与欧洲接连的门户;但更重要的是英格兰东南部地区需要并设法建立一个有效的区域规划体系。这个体系不仅是这个地区发展的基础,同时是实现全英国宏观目标的条件。本文在介绍和分析了英国区域政策的变化以及对英格兰东南部影响的基础上,提出了对我国区域和城市连绵区发展的一些借鉴和启示。 相似文献
4.
This paper analyses the differences between investment decisions for coal-fired power plants in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The long-run marginal cost (LRMC) of each plant is calculated based on a technical analysis that accounts for the important influences on overall project costs by combining a mathematical model and a simulation model. The former was used to calculate annual costs and the latter to predict power plant performance on the electricity market. This research offers insights about potential risks associated with power-plant investment with a particular focus on the regulatory framework and the relevance of participation in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) for costs, prices, and environmental impacts. 相似文献
5.
Different market designs may create distortions on spot pricing equilibrium, thus providing different signals for market agents and investment decisions on new generation assets. Also, demand flexibility market value may differ according to market characteristics. This paper aims to study the demand response (DR) – market design – risk nexus. According to our findings, despite the design differences among MIBEL, EEX and Nord Pool, some variables are common to all while those associated with risk premia might differ. This is due to the mismatch between the specific market structure characteristics and premises, particularly in what concerns the supply generation portfolio composition in the day-ahead markets. 相似文献
6.
This paper argues that many determinants of generic oligopoly market outcomes can be studied in bid-based wholesale electricity markets under much weaker assumptions than in other oligopoly industries because of their rich data, regulatory history, and clearly specified market rules. These methods are compared to those used in existing studies of oligopolistic industries where the best data available are market-clearing prices and quantities and demand and cost shifters. The extent to which the methods used in bid-based wholesale electricity markets generalize conventional methods is explained in detail and major applications of these techniques are summarized. Lessons from the study of wholesale electricity markets for the monitoring and design of other oligopolistic markets are also discussed. 相似文献
7.
Variable renewable electricity generation presents challenges for traditional power markets. The island of Ireland has high levels of renewable generation by international standards, with even higher levels envisaged, and so must address these challenges. Market design to accommodate a growing share of variable renewable generation is informed and constrained by EU policy, and progress to date has been mixed. A qualitative review finds that market redesign is advised to address price cannibalisation, reveal consumer preferences for security and protect vulnerable households. Options for market design are presented, and recommendations for short and medium-term policy action are made. 相似文献
8.
城市区域配电网处于电力系统末端的位置,在配电网建设过程中应考虑到用电可靠性、经济性、电能质量、负荷的分布变化及预测、所址的选择、电压的选择、通信干扰等问题,并在实践中不断完善,使设计达到能充分满足实际使用需求及节能目的。 相似文献
9.
Electricity market designs that decentralize decision making for participants can lead to inefficiencies in the presence of nonconvexity or missing markets. This has been shown in the case of unit-commitment problems that can make a decentralized market equilibrium less efficient than a centrally planned solution. Less attention has been focused on systems with large amounts of hydro-electric generation. We describe the results of an empirical study of the New Zealand wholesale electricity market that attempts to quantify production efficiency losses by comparing market outcomes with a counterfactual central plan. 相似文献
10.
This article analyzes the coordination of congestion management in the electricity grid and identifies the benefits from closer cooperation among Transmission System Operators. Mimicking the German situation with four Transmission System Operators in charge of relieving grid congestion, in particular by redispatch of power plants, we set up a model with shared transmission network constraints. Through different valuations of these constraints we consider cases of coordination. Based on a Generalized Nash Equilibrium model, we suggest an intuitive approach to introducing coordination. An application to German data provides evidence that more coordination is beneficial, providing channels through which redispatch volumes and specific costs are influenced. We discuss implications of our results for security of supply and network expansion. 相似文献
11.
The main research questions addressed in this paper are: first, have electricity market reforms achieved lower household electricity prices and, second, has the introduction of renewable energy increased household electricity prices in deregulated markets Answers to the questions were derived using static and dynamic panel data analysis from 1991 to 2014 employing explanatory variables such as the extent of electricity market reform and the share of generation from renewable energy resources. The dynamic model suggests that a lower household electricity price is associated with the degree of electricity market reform, while the share of renewable energy in electricity generation is not statistically significant. 相似文献
12.
The electricity sector in East Africa is characterized by high levels of electricity losses. The literature has extensively focused on investments and policy reforms that can potentially reduce losses. In this paper, we follow another approach by nonparametrically estimating the minimal losses given the actual inputs, outputs and electricity generation process. Minimal losses are then compared to actual losses to construct quality performance indicators. Using a tailored database for six East African countries over 10 years, we show that electricity losses could be reduced by 8%, representing savings of approximately $60 million per year. 相似文献
13.
当代中国建筑创作的地域性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球化对我国城市经济和社会发展影响巨大,且已深刻地显现在城市公众审美取向和建筑设计研究领域中。本文探讨了全球化和市场经济背景下,我国地域性建筑创作所面临的实际问题,并提出针对性的解决构想和策略。 相似文献
14.
Coordination costs in a wholesale electricity market are a relevant public policy consideration. The mitigation of coordination costs, all else equal, should increase participation in the marketplace. Since Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 888 was issued in 1996, the level of trading activity in bulk electricity markets has increased significantly. In 1999, FERC issued Order 2000 to advance the role of regional transmission organizations (RTOs) in the restructured marketplace for wholesale electricity. RTOs have the potential to reduce the coordination costs, while also having the countervailing effect of causing market participants to incur compliance costs. This paper utilizes the diversity of the United States electricity market and a panel data set representing electric utilities for the period 1990–2009 to study the effects that RTOs have had on wholesale electricity exchange. The paper finds that the presence of a transparent wholesale marketplace for electricity has the effect of increasing participation, but this participation is uneven across types of electric utilities. Greater participation is seen for investor-owned and larger utilities. The results have important implications for policy aimed at wholesale markets and the transmission organizations, as the opportunities afforded by transparency may not be uniformly distributed across all market participants. 相似文献
15.
Brazil’s electricity market is the largest in Latin America and the ninth largest in the world. It has been implemented as a mixed market in which regulated and deregulated contracting environments coexist. The volume of transactions in the deregulated market has experienced steep growth over the last few years and is expected to surpass the regulated market. Different programs to diversify the country’s energy matrix have been devised, especially by integrating intermittent renewable sources to address the deregulated market expansion. Consequently, such an energy policy path has prompted the need to increase the granularity of the Brazilian deregulated market’s spot price, namely the Difference Settlement Price (DSP). The DSP had been weekly defined accounting for three loading levels and four submarkets, and, as of 2021, it has been hourly defined accounting for four submarkets; the weekly DSP is inefficient in actually signaling prices based on ex-ante marginal cost of operation of the interconnected Brazilian power system. Besides such granularity alteration, Brazil has also undergone a severe hydrological crisis in 2021 that led to significantly lower water inflows into major hydrographic watersheds and, as a result, most hydroelectric power plant reservoirs hit a 91-year low. The described scenario is relevant in utility policies and energy economics since it depicts a significant paradigm shift experience in such a large electricity market. This study presents the first hourly DSP behavior analysis since its implementation in the Brazilian electricity market and explores its statistical characteristics and relationships with exogenous variables throughout 2021. Additionally, we discuss the hourly DSP’s volatility observed in the year 2021 and how it has resulted in price spikes. At last, we compare the behavior of the Brazilian hourly DSP with the energy prices of five other countries’ electricity markets. Despite being a significant market improvement, the DSP granularity increase per se could not accurately represent the actual marginal cost of operation over the year 2021 since, besides instabilities observed in the hourly DSP, market intervention mechanisms had to be applied by Brazilian regulatory agencies to minimize the hydrological crisis’ impacts. 相似文献
16.
In Great Britain, electricity is traded in an energy-only market that relies upon bilateral trading until shortly before real time. The GB System Operator also uses bilateral trading to respond to changes in demand and generation and resolve transmission constraints. Prices are not explicitly spatial, although well-placed generators can charge the system operator more for their output. This paper argues that these arrangements are not well-suited for the challenges of accommodating nearly thirty percent of intermittent wind generation, often located far from demand. The market design already implemented in the north-eastern United States is likely to be more efficient. 相似文献
17.
To meet the net zero emission target by 2045, Germany has planned to phase out coal from electricity production by 2038 and increase electricity production from alternative sources through technological advancements. We examine the impacts of related measures on CO2 emissions, electricity security, and economic output at national and regional levels using a regionalized dynamic computable general equilibrium model. Our results reveal that phasing out coal from the electricity mix reduces electricity generation and increases imports but only slightly reduces electricity supply and economic output. The reduction in CO2 emissions in Germany is significant but insufficient to reach the 2045 net zero emission target. Additional technology advancements in alternative electricity productions accompanying the phase-out may have limited effects on the supply of electricity, economic outputs, and CO2 emissions. 相似文献
18.
Since their advent in 2001, virtual power plant (VPP) auctions have been implemented widely. In this paper, we describe the simultaneous ascending-clock auction format that has been used for virtually all VPP auctions to date, elaborating on other design choices that most VPP auctions have had in common as well as discussing a few aspects that have varied significantly among VPP auctions. We then evaluate the various objectives of regulators in requiring VPP auctions, concluding that the auctions have been effective devices for facilitating new entry into electricity markets and for developing wholesale power markets. 相似文献
19.
Barriers to entry can cause differences between “legal” and “economic” degrees of market openness. The German electricity market is legally 100% open. The industrial segment is also close to being economically 100% open. The general pattern indicates a mature market. However, the domestic segment is economically only 61% open. Possible explanations of this difference from its legal openness are mismatch of regulation and market strategies of incumbents. For the total market, the economic degree of market openness is 89% based on volumes. It is 61% based on customer numbers, reflecting the fact that the vast majority of customers are domestic. 相似文献
20.
目前,随着社会经济发展速度日益加快,建筑工程施工规模也越来越大,所以对施工管理也必须要提出更多的要求。因此,建筑企业应该针对现代建筑工程不断创新现有的施工管理措施,更加全面地服务于工程施工。基于此,文章以现代建筑工程施工管理为研究对象,介绍了当前建筑工程施工管理存在的主要问题,并提出了现代建筑工程施工管理的创新措施。 相似文献