The state of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) may affect sunscreen performance

In the past several years, there has been a trend in the sunscreen/cosmetics industry to replace micron-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles with nanoscale materials. The increased use of nanoscale TiO(2) has resulted in questions about these and other nanoproducts. This study examines the effects of using nanoscale TiO(2) on ultraviolet (UV) attenuation in simple to complex sunscreen formulations. UV light attenuation, product stability, and potential damage to the skin barrier were examined with both nanoscale and microscale TiO(2) particles. Results indicate that none of the formulations decreased the barrier function of the skin and the best UV attenuation occurs when the TiO(2) particles are stabilized with a coating and evenly distributed such as with non-agglomerated coated nanoscale materials. This indicates that nanoscale TiO(2) may have better efficacy while lacking toxicity.     

UV absorption and scattering properties of inorganic-based sunscreens

This article first introduces the concepts that underlie the calculations of scattering and absorption of light by small particles. Results of Mie theory calculations of light scattering and light absorption by 20, 50 and 100 nm TiO₂ and ZnO particles are then presented. As the attenuation, or extinction, by these particles is the sum of the scattering and absorption, the attenuation can then be calculated for wavelengths over the UVA and UVB region. These theoretical results are then shown to be in reasonable agreement with experimental results for alkyl benzoate dispersions of three different types of TiO₂ particle whose mean sizes range from 35 to 145 nm. Finally, the link between these measurements and the absorption curves of formulated dispersions of sunscreens are demonstrated and related to in vitro SPF and UVAPF measurements.     

Transdermal delivery of two antioxidants from different cosmetic formulations

The efficacy of any cosmetic product containing a functional ingredient is determined by the skin delivery of the active molecule, which is influenced by the type of the vehicle and the molecule itself. This study was designed to compare the percutaneous absorption habits of the antioxidants carcinine and lipoic acid out of various formulations by means of the porcine skin model. Initial evaluation of the in vitro porcine skin model has demonstrated its feasibility for various substances and formulations [1, 2]. Increasing legal requirements for risk assessment in the cosmetic industry have led to the development of this alternative test method. The penetration properties are determined by the OECD Guideline TG 428: Skin Absorption: in vitro Method [3, 4], which allows the use of porcine skin for penetration studies. Porcine skin is used because of its similarity to human skin in terms of its morphology and the essential permeation characteristics [5]. The mass balances for each tested formulation type of the antioxidants show individual penetration behaviours with significant differences. The presented data plainly demonstrate that the lipophilic lipoic acid has a distinct higher penetration potential than the hydrophilic carcinine. The chosen vehicle can enhance or reduce the transdermal delivery of both tested antioxidants. Modern effective cosmetic formulations will work only, if the active ingredients penetrate into the epidermis. In conclusion, the correct selection of a suitable formulation plays an important role during product development.     

二氧化氯制备系统中钛设备的选材

结合二氧化氯制备工艺对该系统中钛设备的材质选择要点进行了评述,并对相关钛设备的制造与使用注意事项进行了介绍,供设备设计与使用等参考。     

食品添加剂二氧化钛和纳米二氧化钛对大鼠肝脏DNA损伤作用的评价

目的 利用哺乳动物体内碱性彗星试验,评价食品添加剂二氧化钛和纳米二氧化钛对大鼠肝脏细胞DNA的损伤作用。方法 依据哺乳动物体内碱性彗星试验指南（OECD TG489）,将雄性SD大鼠随机分成9组,每组5只。食品添加剂二氧化钛设1 000、500、250 mg/kg·BW 3个剂量组,阴性对照为纯水;纳米二氧化钛设500、150、50 mg/kg·BW 3个剂量组,阴性对照为0.8%吐温+3%FBS。通过灌胃方式给予,每日1次,共15 d;同时设置阳性对照组,阳性物甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）仅在第14、15天每日灌胃一次给予,剂量为200 mg/kg·BW·d。末次灌胃6 h后,麻醉条件下取大鼠肝脏,制备成单细胞悬液后涂片,经裂解、解旋、电泳、染色等步骤,进行彗星图像分析。结果 食品添加剂二氧化钛和纳米二氧化钛各剂量组大鼠肝脏细胞的尾部DNA含量百分比与相应阴性对照组相比均无显著性差异（P>0.05）,而EMS组大鼠肝脏细胞的尾部DNA含量百分比与阴性对照组比较均具有显著差异（P<0.01）。结论 在本实验条件下,食品添加剂二氧化钛和纳米二氧化钛均未诱导大鼠肝脏细胞的DNA损伤。     

纳米TiO2的多相光催化应用研究进展

纳米TiO2在紫外光的照射下可激发产生电子空穴对，从而引发一系列有意义的氧化还原反应。利用该特性，纳米TiO2可用于降解结构稳定的有机和无机化合物、杀灭微生物和肿瘤细胞、制备特殊功能的催化剂以及回收贵重金属等。目前该领域的研究大多停留在实验室水平，机理分析推测多，反应中间体鉴定少，其理论探讨和实际应用还有许多工作要做。     

纳米二氧化钛在山羊绒针织物上的应用

综合溶胶-凝胶法、乙酰丙酮和硝酸的抑制水解作用、微乳法表面活性剂的分散效果制得纳米二氧化钛溶胶.采用浸压法,用制得的纳米二氧化钛溶胶处理经过氧化-丝胶处理过的山羊绒针织物,并通过正交试验得到最佳的整理工艺:纳米二氧化钛溶胶的浓度为0.706 mg/ml,处理温度45℃,时间35 min,经测试山羊绒针织物的抗静电性能得到了一定的改善.     

ICP-MS测定食品中的二氧化钛

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）检测食品中二氧化钛的含量。样品经混合酸微波消解后,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行食品中二氧化钛的测定。结果表明,二氧化钛在2-1000ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数0.9995,最低检出限0.5ng/mL,平均回收率109%,平均相对标准偏差3.20%。该方法简便、快捷、有较高的灵敏度、准确度、精密度和较低的检出限,适合食品中二氧化钛的测定。     

纳米二氧化钛整理剂的研制和应用

通过调整一系列的配方,从中选择最佳的分散剂配比,从而制得透亮、均匀、分散性和稳定性都很好的纳米二氧化钛整理剂,并在织物上应用,结果表明此整理剂有突出的抗紫外、抗静电性能。     

改性纳米二氧化钛的性能研究

研究了改性纳米二氧化钛在乙二醇介质中的稳定性及其影响因素和应用性能.结果表明，改性纳米二氧化钛溶胶的稳定性与改性剂的用量和体系pH值有关，在大于等电点时，随体系pH值的增加，溶胶的稳定性提高.红外光谱和应用性能研究表明，由于在改性纳米二氧化钛微粒表面引入了大量的硅羟基和环氧基等基团，织物经其整理后，抗紫外线等性能的耐久性有很大提高，且随着纳米改性剂用量的增加，耐久性逐渐提高.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定食品中 二氧化钛的含量

目的优化电感耦合等离子质谱法测定二氧化钛的含量。方法样品前处理先通过硫酸湿法消解,放冷后再用加入30%过氧化氢继续消解,用电感耦合等离子质谱法测定二氧化钛中钛含量,根据质量分数计算出二氧化钛含量。结果通过比较微波消解、湿法消解、干灰化法消解和压力消解4种前处理方式,采用硫酸-双氧水的消解体系进行湿法消解。钛在0~50μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为1.0000。在50、75和100 g/100mL 3个加标浓度下,样品的平均回收率为101.26%,平均相对标准偏差为2.8%。结论该方法简便、快捷,有较高的灵敏度、准确度、精密度,适合食品中二氧化钛含量的测定。     

Mucus and microbiota as emerging players in gut nanotoxicology: The example of dietary silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Given the growing use of nanotechnology in many common consumer products, including foods, evaluation of the consequences of chronic exposure to nanoparticles in humans has become a major public health issue. The oral route of exposure has been poorly explored, despite the presence of a fraction of nanosized particles in certain food additives/supplements and the incorporation of such particles into packaging in contact with foods. After their ingestion, these nanoparticles pass through the digestive tract, where they may undergo physicochemical transformations, with consequences for the luminal environment, before crossing the epithelial barrier to reach the systemic compartment. In this review, we consider two examples, nanosilver and nanotitanium dioxide. Despite the specific features of these particles and the differences between them, both display a close relationship between physicochemical reactivity and bioavailability/biopersistence in the gastrointestinal tract. Few studies have focused on the interactions of nanoparticles of silver or titanium dioxide with the microbiota and mucus. However, the microbiota and mucus play key roles in intestinal homeostasis and host health and are undoubtedly involved in controlling the distribution of nanoparticles in the systemic compartment.     

X射线荧光光谱法快速检测食品中的二氧化钛

目的建立X射线荧光光谱法测定面粉、糖果、果冻、鱼丸等食品中二氧化钛的快速检测方法。方法针对不同的食品形态,分别探究干燥后粉碎、加入稀释剂粉碎、均质、加稀释剂均质4种制样模式,选定引入稀释剂改善制样均匀性,应用内标元素Nd校正基体和水分散失带来的影响。结果建立的二氧化钛快速检测方法线性良好,适用于市面上各种食品。应用本法对市面上可能含有二氧化钛的面粉、糖果、蜜饯、果冻、鱼丸样品各10份进行筛查,发现除一份鱼丸超范围使用食品添加剂二氧化钛外,其余39份食品二氧化钛均满足国家标准要求。结论本方法操作简单,分析速度快,适合批量食品中二氧化钛的快速检测。     

小麦粉中二氧化钛的测定——微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法

为了保证小麦粉质量安全,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定小麦粉中违法添加物——二氧化钛含量的一种快速、灵敏、准确的定量方法。前处理采用微波消解技术,以钪(Sc)为内标元素,消除基体干扰及仪器漂移。研究结果表明,在选定的仪器条件下,方法检出限为0.027 mg/kg,相对标准偏差<5%,加标回收率为91.5%~108.0%。     

Anatase titanium dioxide loaded polylactide membranous films: preparation,characterization, and antibacterial activity assessment

In this study, the preparation method and characteristics of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticle-loaded polylactide (PLA) films and their antibacterial efficacy against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 4352) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) bacterium were studied. A series of PLA nanocomposites containing, respectively, 0, 1, and 5% (wt.) titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were prepared by melt intercalation method. The effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of the films was determined. Thermal analysis showed that the glass transition temperature, crystallization temperature, melting temperature, and decomposition temperatures (Td_0.5 and Td_0.05) decreased with the filler content. The results obtained from tensile tests showed that TiO₂ nanoparticles reduced the mechanical properties and moduli of the PLA films. On the other hand, the water absorption properties of the nanocomposite films increased with the addition of nanoparticles and nanocomposite films exhibited bacteriostatic and limited bactericidal efficacy according to AATCC 147. Consequently, nanocomposite films may be good materials for medical applications due to their membranous properties.     

过氧化氢法测定魔芋凝胶食品中二氧化钛的研究

建立过氧化氢法测定魔芋凝胶食品中二氧化钛含量的检测方法。样品经硫酸—硝酸—硝酸铵消化完全后,以过氧化氢作为显色剂,在410nm波长下测定吸光度,二氧化钛含量和吸光度呈正比例关系。结果表明,该方法平均回收率为102.76%,相对标准偏差为1.55%。该方法重复性好,准确度高,操作简单。